Polarizabilidades e primeira hiperpolarizabilidades elétricas dipolares de ésteres E-4-amino-trans-1,3-butadienil-(1',2'-di-hidroxibenzeno) de boro, alumínio e gálio

Static electric dipole polarizabilities and first hyperpolarizabilites have been calculated for the title molecules and their 3' and 4'-nitro derivatives at ab-initio Hartree- Fock/6-31G(d, p) level. The influence of the pivotal p vacant 3A elements (B, Al or Ga) substitution on the electrical properties of these molecules is detailed. The axial vector components of the first hyperpolarizabilities β(0) of the push-pull 4'-nitro derivatives, -18.2×10-32 esu (B), -21.1×10-32 esu (Al) and -20.8×10-32 esu (Ga) are calculated to be as much as fourfold larger then that calculated for the p-nitroaniline, a reference organic molecule for comparison for this type of molecular property.

Comparação de técnicas de determinação de ésteres em cachaça

An analytical comparison of three different techniques for quantitative profile of esters in cachaça is reported. The Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) recommends the use of GC/FID or volumetry. Despite being laborious and lacking in chemical speciation, the volumetric technique for total ester content shows to be appropriate, reproducible, and accurate for the analysis of cachaça. However, the GC/FID suggested by MAPA, considering only ethyl acetate, shows inaccuracy, underestimating the total ester content by a median factor of 72%, mainly due to the absence of ethyl lactate analysis. On the other hand, the GC/MS technique that comprises the analysis and speciation of nine esters, including ethyl lactate, proved to be reproducible, simple, fast and accurate for the analysis of total ester content in cachaça. Thus, the total ester content results obtained using GC/FID must be considered with precaution.

Determinação do teor de ésteres graxos em biodiesel metílico de soja por cromatografia gasosa utilizando oleato de etila como padrão interno

A method for ester content determination in soybean methyl biodiesel was studied, using ethyl oleate as internal standard. A biodiesel sample was analyzed and had its purity estimated as 92.8%. Method accuracy was evaluated by comparison with the result obtained via EN14103, with a relative difference of 0.1%. Repetitivity and intermediate precision were estimated as 2 and 1.5%, respectively.

Síntese de novas amidas graxas a partir da aminólise de ésteres metílicos

Recent biochemical and pharmacological studies have led to the characterization of different fatty acid amides as a new family of biologically active lipids. Here, we describe the synthesis of new amides from C16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:1, OH fatty acids (FFA) families with cyclic and acyclic amines and demonstrate for the first time that these compounds produce citotoxic effects. Application of this method to the synthesis of fatty acid amides was performed using the esters aminolysis as a key step and various carboxylic amides were prepared in good yield from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs).

Filmes ultrafinos de ésteres de celulose: preparo, caracterização e imobilização de proteínas

In this study cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) and carboxymehtylcellulose acetate butyrate (CMCAB) films adsorbed onto silicon wafers were characterized by means of ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) and contact angle measurements. The adsorption behavior of lysozyme (LIS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto CAB and CMCAB films was investigated. The amounts of adsorbed LIS or BSA onto CMCAB films were more pronounced than those onto CAB films due to the presence of carboxymethyl group in the CMCAB structure. Besides, the adsorption of BSA molecules on CMCAB films was more favored than that of LIS molecules. Antimicrobial effect of LIS bound to CAB or CMCAB layers was evaluated using Micrococcus luteus as substrate.

Determinação de arsênio em amostras da cadeia produtiva de frangos de corte por espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite

Chicken meat is largely consumed in human nutrition and it is produced in extremely large scale in some countries, including Brazil. In this work graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used for determination of arsenic in chicken and chicken production-related samples. These samples were digested employing a microwave-assisted procedure in closed vessels using a 7 mol L-1 nitric acid solution plus concentrated hydrogen peroxide. The concentration range of total As determined in chicken production-related samples varied from 1.30 to 29.8 mg kg-1 of As. The detection and quantification limits reached were 0.055 and 0.182 mg kg-1, respectively (n = 15).

Aspectos analíticos da resposta do detector de ionização em chama para ésteres de ácidos graxos em biodiesel e alimentos

The analysis of fatty acid (FA) esters by gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (FID) normally uses the normalization method. However, if one FA is wrongly estimated, the results could be greatly affected. In this study, methodologies using internal standards and correction factors for the FID response are described. The results show that by using theoretical correction factors associated to the internal standardization, the quantitative analyses of the FAs are expressed in mass, increasing the accuracy and facilitating the interpretation and comparison of the results for foods and biodiesels.

Síntese e caracterização de copolímeros de cadeia lateral derivados de acrilatos de 4,5-di-hidroisoxazol e do (-)-mentol

Five monomers 5-[4-(5-cyano-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)phenoxy]undecyl acrylate (7a); n-alkyl 3-{4-[5-(acryloyloxyundecyl)oxyphenyl]}-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate (7b,c for n-butyl and n-hexyl, respectively); 3-{4-[5-(acryloyloxyundecyl) oxyphenyl]}-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylic acid (7d) and (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl acrylate (9) and the corresponding copolymers 10a-d,11 and homopolymers 12 from 7a and 13 from 9 were designed and synthesized. Except for acrylate 9 which is derived from (-)-menthol, all of the monomers belong to the series containing the isoxazoline ring linked to the acrylate unit by a flexible spacer chain of eleven methylene units. They presented low glass temperature and despite birefringence behavior, these copolymers showed no mesomorphic properties.

Estudo teórico e experimental de espectros infravermelho de ésteres de ácido graxo presentes na composição do biodiesel de soja

In this work, theoretical and experimental infrared spectra of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) contained in soybean biodiesel were analyzed seeking the assignments of the relevant vibrational modes to characterize crude soybean oil and soybean biodiesel. The results showed the usefulness of infrared spectra for monitoring saturated and unsaturated compounds as well as impurities (mainly glycerol) in raw samples. This is the first step toward proposing an efficient molecular spectroscopy routine to certify biodiesel fuel.

Análises quali e quantitativas de micotoxinas em águas da cadeia produtiva do arroz por CCD e CCDAE

This study validated a simple and applied method for determining mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, ochratoxin A, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol, in water from the rice production chain. Five solvent combinations for extraction were tested, with quantification performed by TLC/HPTLC and confirmation by LC-MS/MS. Mycotoxins in water from field and rice industries were evaluated. Mycotoxin recovery levels were around 90%. Two samples from rice parboiling waste were contaminated (deoxynivalenol/aflatoxin B1, 110/9 ng mL-1; and deoxynivalenol, 100 ng mL-1). Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A (36, 30 and 28%) were carried to soaking water during parboiling.

Ésteres de cloropropanóis e de glicidol em alimentos

Chloropropanols are a well-known group of food processing contaminants. They are formed through the reaction between lipids and chlorides when submitted to thermal treatment, and can be found in free and bound form. Although free chloropropanols were identified around 30 years ago, the occurrence of bound forms, especially 3-MCPD, and glycidyl fatty acid esters, has only recently been reported in several food products. Dietary exposure to these ester-bound compounds has been considered a priority food safety issue since free forms can be potentially released through the action of gut lipases, representing a major toxicological concern.

COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E TEMPERATURA DE CRISTALIZAÇÃO DE ÉSTERES OBTIDOS DE QUATRO ÓLEOS VEGETAIS EXTRAÍDOS DE SEMENTES DE PLANTAS DO CERRADO

The seed oils from four plants (Scheelea phalerata, Butia capitata, Syagrus romanzoffiana, Terminalia cattapa) found in Mato Grosso do Sul were extracted at good yields. Alkaline transesterification of these seed oils to esters using methanol and ethanol was studied and also produced good yields. Oleic acid (30.5/32.3%), lauric acid (30.7/32.9%) methyl and ethyl esters, were the main components of transesterification of the oils from Scheelea phalerata and Syagrus romanzoffiana. Lauric acid (42.2%), capric acid (15.9%) and caprylic acid (14.6%) methyl and ethyl esters were the main ester components of transesterification of the oil from Butia capitata. Oleic acid (37.8%), palmitic acid (33.5%) and linoleic acid (22.6%) methyl and ethyl esters were the main components of transesterification of oil from Terminalia catappa. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies, the first crystallization peak temperature of esters was observed. Esters derived from oils of the family Arecaceae (Scheelea phalerata, Butia capitata, Syagrus romanzoffiana) showed the lowest points of crystallization, despite having high levels of saturated fat. Esters of Terminalia cattapa oil, rich in unsaturated fat, showed the highest crystallization temperature. This difference in behavior is probably related to the high concentration of esters derived from lauric acid and palmitic acid.

Controle de Alternaria solani em tomateiro por extratos de Curcuma longa e curcumina: I. avaliação in vitro

A descoberta de compostos secundários de plantas medicinais com atividade antimicrobiana mostra-se promissora para o controle de fitopatógenos. A cúrcuma, Curcuma longa, apresenta em seus rizomas compostos com atividade antifúngica. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fungitoxidade in vitro dos extratos de cúrcuma e da curcumina contra Alternaria solani. Foram utilizados extratos brutos aquosos (EB) de rizomas de cúrcuma (esterilizados por autoclavagem) nas concentrações de 0, 1, 5, 10 e 20% e curcumina nas concentrações de 0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 mg/L, os quais foram incorporados em meio de cultura batata-dextrose-ágar para avaliação de crescimento micelial e esporulação do fungo. Também foram testados extratos de cúrcuma a 10 e 15% esterilizados por filtração. O efeito dos extratos de cúrcuma autoclavados e não autoclavados e da curcumina na germinação de esporos in vitro foi também avaliado. Os extratos de cúrcuma a 10 e 15% não autoclavados inibiram em 38,2% e 23,2%, respectivamente, o crescimento micelial e 71,7% e 87%, respectivamente, a esporulação do fungo. Quando autoclavados, não apresentaram inibição do crescimento micelial nem da germinação de esporos e a inibição da esporulação foi menor, indicando a presença de compostos antimicrobianos termolábeis. O extrato não autoclavado na concentração de 5% inibiu em até 15% a germinação dos esporos. A curcumina inibiu o crescimento micelial em 29,5% na maior concentração testada, sem, contudo, afetar a esporulação e a germinação de esporos in vitro. Esses resultados indicam o potencial antifúngico da cúrcuma e curcumina contra A. solani.

Controle de Alternaria solani em tomateiro por extratos de Curcuma longa e curcumina: II. Avaliação in vivo

A pinta preta, causada por Alternaria solani, é uma das mais importantes doenças da cultura do tomateiro no Brasil. Várias alternativas aos fungicidas têm sido avaliadas nos últimos anos na busca de produtos que controlem satisfatoriamente as doenças, tenham pequeno impacto ambiental e baixa toxicidade aos seres vivos. A cúrcuma, Curcuma longa, apresenta em seus rizomas compostos com comprovada atividade antimicrobiana. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle de pinta preta em tomateiro utilizando extratos de cúrcuma e curcumina em condições de casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: extrato de cúrcuma (1 e 10%), curcumina (50 e 100 mg/L), acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM) (25 mg do i.a./L), oxicloreto de cobre (1.100 mg do i.a./L), azoxystrobin (80 mg do i.a./L) e testemunha (água). A curcumina e os extratos brutos de cúrcuma apresentaram níveis de controle de pinta preta similares ao tratamento com fungicida cúprico, mas inferior ao azoxystrobin. Não houve diferenças estatísticas na produção comercial de tomate entre tratamentos. Somente o tratamento de curcumina 50 mg/l apresentou maior porcentagem de frutos grandes em relação à testemunha. Esses resultados indicam o potencial de controle de pinta preta em tomateiro com cúrcuma e curcumina.

O papel do aluno de graduação em Medicina no atendimento a pacientes de enfermarias de longa permanência de um hospital-escola

Verificar a percepção que os pacientes internados em um Hospital Escola (HC-UFG) têm da presença dos alunos de medicina no atendimento prestado a eles e observar outros fatores relacionados à satisfação com o atendimento. MÉTODO: Critério de inclusão: internação há menos de um ano em outro Hospital não Escola. Excluídos: Menores de 18 anos e incapazes de colaborar. Aplicado questionário, por alunas da Faculdade de Medicina da UFG, com informações sobre a internação, privacidade, comparação com outros hospitais e avaliação da presença dos alunos. Utilizados estatística descritiva, teste de Wilcoxon, c² e Regra de Sinais de Descartes. RESULTADOS: Avaliados 96 pacientes. A média das notas do HC-UFG foi 9,01±1,5, a dos outros hospitais foi 5,67±3,38. A maioria (58,33%) relatou mudança no conhecimento sobre sua doença após a internação no HC-UFG. A presença dos alunos foi avaliada como boa ou muito boa por 91,58% e despertou sentimentos positivos em 84,54% dos entrevistados. As aulas ao redor dos leitos foram consideradas agradáveis por 69,79% deles. CONCLUSÃO: O aluno tem papel relevante no atendimento prestado no Hospital Escola. Contribui para maior confiança no serviço, desperta maior segurança e alegria nos pacientes, torna o ambiente mais acolhedor e atua como disseminador de conhecimentos.