Avaliação ultrassonigráfica da glândula tireóide em cães hígidos de diferentes faixas etárias

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Avaliação hematológica, bioquímica e parasitológica de cães, naturalmente acometidos por leishmaniose visceral, submetidos a diferentes protocolos de tratamento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ultra-estrutura e função plaquetária em indivíduos normais e pacientes com aterosclerose obliterante periférica

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Estudo de correlação entre as provas bioquímicas de função hepática, no diagnóstico de hepatite aguda pelo vírus da hepatite A em crianças

Pós-graduação em Pediatria - FMB

Cardiorespiratory evaluation in pre and post operative moments of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

PURPOSE: To analyze the changes in both respiratory function and cardiopulmonary exercise tests results in patients subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Fifty patients were evaluated (76% women) and the average age was 47.8±14.2 years. All individuals underwent the measurement of spirometry, manovacuometry, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and stair-climbing test (SCT). All tests were performed at the first (PO1), fifth (PO5) and thirtieth (PO30) postoperative days. RESULTS: BMI average was 28.8±4.8 kg/m2. Sample comprised 68% non-smokers, 20% current smokers, and 12% former smokers. There was no incidence of postoperative complication whatsoever. There was a significant decrease in spirometric values at PO1, but values were similar to the ones of PRE at PO30. Manovacuometry showed alterations at PO1 displaying values that were similar to the ones of PRE at PO30. 6MWT was significantly shorter at until PO5, but at PO30 values were similar to ones of PRE. As for SCT, values were significantly compromised at PO5 and PO30 since they were similar to the ones of PRE. CONCLUSION: Patients submitted to laparoscopic cholecystectomy present a decrease in cardiorespiratory function on the first postoperative moments but there is a rapid return to preoperative conditions.

Do Thyroid Ultrasonographic Features Change According to Age in Euthyroid Dogs?

The thyroid gland was assessed by ultrasound in healthy euthyroid mixed-breed medium size dogs in different age groups. The objective was to verify ultrasonographic imaging patterns in these groups, as well as to identify possible changes in imaging features resulting from ageing. Thirty dogs - 10 young (<1 year), 10 adult and 10 elderly - without clinical signs or history of thyroid gland disease with complete blood count and thyroid function tests within the reference values were evaluated. Each thyroid lobe was examined by ultrasound for shape, size, echogenicity and echotexture. The analysis of echogenicity and echotexture was made by histogram. Thyroid volume was estimated by the equation for ellipsoid (length x width x height) pi/6. The thyroid volume of the young dogs in this study had a tendency to be higher than in adult dogs (P = 0.068) and older dogs (P = 0.120). The height of the thyroid lobe in the longitudinal plane was significantly higher (P = 0.026) in young dogs compared with the other dogs. The echotexture and echogenicity had no significant differences between groups, but the echogenicity was greater in older dogs. The results point out that ultrasound imaging of the thyroid volume is influenced by age in euthyroid dogs.

Hipotireoidismo em cães: aspectos gerais

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in dogs caused by insufficient production and secretion of thyroid hormones. Most affected dogs have primary hypothyroidism that results from lymphocytic thyroiditis, idiopathic thyroid atrophy, or more rarely, neoplastic destruction. Secondary hypothyroidism resulting from inadequate secretion of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone –TSH) from the pituitary gland is less commonly recognized. Tertiary hypothyroidism resulting from a deficiency of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has not been documented in dogs. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs is made on the basis of clinical findings, results of routine laboratory and thyroid gland function tests and response to thyroid hormone replacement. Unfortunately, these tests have high sensitivity, but low specificity, for use in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone supplementation is indicated for the treatment of confirmed hypothyroidism and for the diagnoses of the disease through clinical response to trial therapy

Testes funcionais, torque isocinético em inversão e eversão e capacidade de reposicionamento articular: um estudo sobre a estabilidade dinâmica do tornozelo

Introdução: A lesão mais comumente encontrada na população ativa é a entorse de tornozelo. Cerca de 40% destes casos continuam a manifestar sensação de instabilidade articular mesmo após a fase aguda da lesão, caracterizando a instabilidade funcional do tornozelo (IFT). A IFT está relacionada com déficits proprioceptivos e redução na capacidade de produção de força e potência muscular. Haja vista que o basquetebol é um esporte com grande incidência de lesões no tornozelo faz-se necessário o entendimento de métodos de avaliação de baixo custo, que possam contribuir para a prevenção deste tipo de lesão em atletas. Objetivo: Nesse sentido, o presente estudo, tem como objetivo identificar os parâmetros de torque, atividade eletromiográfica, senso de reposicionamento articular e a pontuação em teste funcional em jogadoras de basquetebol com tornozelo estável. Correlacionar os valores de torque, atividade eletromiográfica e do senso de reposionamento articular com a pontuação dos testes funcionais em individuos saudáveis. Método: Participaram deste estudo 6 atletas do gênero feminino praticantes do basquetebol com idade entre 18 e 25 anos. As voluntárias realizaram os seguintes testes: torque isocinético concêntrico em inversão (INV) e eversão (EVE) nas velocidades de 60º e 120º, cinco testes funcionais e teste de reposicionamento articular com os ângulos-alvo de 10º e 20º de inversão. Após a verificação da normalidade de distribuição dos dados com o teste Shapiro-Wilk, utilizou-se o teste de Correlação Spearman para verificar a correlação dos testes funcionais com o pico de torque, o sinal EMG e o reposicionamento articular. Resultados: Não foi encontrados resultados esperados no estudo, exceto na correlação negativa para os valores de RMS do TA na velocidade de 120º nas contrações isocinética...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Efeitos de drogas antiplaquetárias na doença periodontal

The association between platelets, angiogenesis and progression or repair of periodontal disease has been little explored and, consequently, the results are inconclusive. The pathogenic bacteria present in the periodontal pocket release endotoxins that affect the endothelial integrity and are able to induce the production of chemical mediators derived from plasma proteins and blood clotting while altering platelet function. There is great interest in the modulation of platelet activity in vascular disorders, especially cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, antiplatelet drugs, that are commonly used in the prevention of thromboembolic diseases, such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease, have been used. Aspirin is the only non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent with antiplatelet activity. In the periodontium, instead of only reduces levels of inflammatory cytokines, also significantly affects bleeding on probing, suggesting a dose-dependent modulation of periodontitis. In contrast, clopidogrel and ticlopidine are thienopyridine drugs with no known antiinflammatory action, suggesting that this benefit is related to an antiinflammatory effect indirectly correlated to their antiplatelet activity already established. In the literature there is limited information about the effect of these drugs on periodontium and periodontal disease development. Antiplatelet drugs hypothetically can change both the pathogenesis of periodontitis and subsequent periodontal tissue repair by blocking the secretion of chemical mediators which in general are important in modulating inflammation and tissue repair.

Safety of kidney transplantation using anti-HBc-positive donors

Background. Prospective studies evaluating the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in transplants of kidneys from hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)-positive/ hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) negative donors are still lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of kidney transplantation with the use of anti-HBc positive donors.Methods. This prospective case series study included 50 kidney transplant recipients from anti-HBc positive donors with or without anti-HBs positivity. Recipients were required to test positive for anti-HBs (titers >10 mUI/mL), regardless of anti-HBc status, and negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Recipient and donor data were retrieved from medical records, databases, and organ procurement organization sheets. Liver function tests were performed at progressively increasing post-transplantation intervals. Complete serologic tests for HBV were performed before transplantation, 3 and 6 months after transplantation, and annually thereafter.Results. Six months after transplantation, all recipients were negative for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBcIgM. No seroconversion was observed among the 20 patients who received kidneys from anti-HBc positive/anti-HBs negative donors. No patient showed elevated liver enzymes during follow-up.Conclusions. Kidney transplantation using organs from anti-HBeIgG positive donors (even when they are concurrently anti-HBs negative) in anti-HBs positive recipients is a safe procedure and may be considered as a way to expand the donor pool.

Effects of dipyrone, meloxicam, or the combination on hemostasis in conscious dogs

To compare the effects of dipyrone, meloxicam, and of the combination of these drugs on hemostasis in dogs. Prospective, blinded, randomized crossover study. Research laboratory at a veterinary teaching hospital. Six adult dogs. Animals received 4 intravenous treatments with 15-day washout intervals: control (physiological saline, 0.1 mL/kg), meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg), dipyrone (25 mg/kg), and dipyrone-meloxicam (25 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively). A jugular catheter was placed for drug injection and for collecting samples for whole blood platelet aggregation (WBPA) and thromboelastometry assays at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 hours after treatment administration. The percent change from baseline of lag time and of the area under the curve (AUC) of impedance changes in response to collagen-induced platelet activation were recorded during WBPA. Thromboelastometry-derived parameters included clotting time, clot formation time, alpha-angle, and maximum clot firmness. The buccal mucosal bleeding time was evaluated by a blinded observer at baseline, 1, 3, and 5 hours after treatment injection. No significant changes in WBPA and thromboelastometry were recorded in the control treatment. Dipyrone significantly (P < 0.05) increased the lag time for 2 hours and decreased the AUC for 3 hours after injection. Meloxicam did not alter WBPA. Dipyrone-meloxicam significantly increased lag time for 2 hours and decreased the AUC for 5 hours after treatment injection. Experimental treatments did not differ from the control treatment for thromboelastometry and buccal mucosal bleeding time. While meloxicam does not alter hemostasis by the methods evaluated, dipyrone inhibits platelet aggregation for up to 3 hours. Meloxicam-dipyrone combination causes more prolonged inhibition of platelet function than dipyrone alone. Decreased platelet aggregation induced by dipyrone and dipyrone-meloxicam does not appear to impact the viscoelastic properties of the blood clot nor increase the risk of bleeding in dogs without preexisting hemostatic disorders.

Correlação entre os resultados pré-operatórios de testes cardiopulmonares e a evolução pós-operatória em cirurgia bariátrica

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

An experimental model for resistance exercise in rodents

This study aimed to develop an equipment and system of resistance exercise (RE), based on squat-type exercise for rodents, with control of training variables. We developed an operant conditioning system composed of sound, light and feeding devices that allowed optimized RE performance by the animal. With this system, it is not necessary to impose fasting or electric shock for the animal to perform the task proposed (muscle contraction). Furthermore, it is possible to perform muscle function tests in vivo within the context of the exercise proposed and control variables such as intensity, volume (sets and repetitions), and exercise session length, rest interval between sets and repetitions, and concentric strength. Based on the experiments conducted, we demonstrated that the model proposed is able to perform more specific control of other RE variables, especially rest interval between sets and repetitions, and encourages the animal to exercise through short-term energy restriction and "disturbing" stimulus that do not promote alterations in body weight. Therefore, despite experimental limitations, we believe that this RE apparatus is closer to the physiological context observed in humans.

A new method to analyze the subjective visual vertical in patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the subjective visual vertical in patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction and to propose a new method to analyze subjective visual vertical data in these patients. METHODS: Static subjective visual vertical tests were performed in 40 subjects split into two groups. Group A consisted of 20 healthy volunteers, and Group B consisted of 20 patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction. Each patient performed six measurements of the subjective visual vertical test, and the mean values were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS: Analyses of the numerical values of subjective visual vertical deviations (the conventional method of analysis) showed that the mean deviation was 0.326 +/- 1.13 degrees in Group A and 0.301 +/- 1.87 degrees in Group B. However, by analyzing the absolute values of the subjective visual vertical (the new method of analysis proposed), the mean deviation became 1.35 +/- 0.48 degrees in Group A and 2.152 +/- 0.93 degrees in Group B. The difference in subjective visual vertical deviations between groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05) only when the absolute values and the range of deviations were considered. CONCLUSION: An analysis of the absolute values of the subjective visual vertical more accurately reflected the visual vertical misperception in patients with bilateral vestibular dysfunction.

Multiple Intravenous Administrations of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Benefit in a Mouse Model of ALS

Background: A promising therapeutic strategy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the use of cell-based therapies that can protect motor neurons and thereby retard disease progression. We recently showed that a single large dose (25x10(6) cells) of mononuclear cells from human umbilical cord blood (MNC hUCB) administered intravenously to pre-symptomatic G93A SOD1 mice is optimal in delaying disease progression and increasing lifespan. However, this single high cell dose is impractical for clinical use. The aim of the present pre-clinical translation study was therefore to evaluate the effects of multiple low dose systemic injections of MNC hUCB cell into G93A SOD1 mice at different disease stages. Methodology/Principal Findings: Mice received weekly intravenous injections of MNC hUCB or media. Symptomatic mice received 10(6) or 2.5x10(6) cells from 13 weeks of age. A third, pre-symptomatic, group received 10(6) cells from 9 weeks of age. Control groups were media-injected G93A and mice carrying the normal hSOD1 gene. Motor function tests and various assays determined cell effects. Administered cell distribution, motor neuron counts, and glial cell densities were analyzed in mouse spinal cords. Results showed that mice receiving 10(6) cells pre-symptomatically or 2.5x10(6) cells symptomatically significantly delayed functional deterioration, increased lifespan and had higher motor neuron counts than media mice. Astrocytes and microglia were significantly reduced in all cell-treated groups. Conclusions/Significance: These results demonstrate that multiple injections of MNC hUCB cells, even beginning at the symptomatic disease stage, could benefit disease outcomes by protecting motor neurons from inflammatory effectors. This multiple cell infusion approach may promote future clinical studies.