261 resultados para oralidade


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This research intend to situate the process of literacy as a practice interlocutive acquisition of written language, through which students interact with each other and the teacher, and through these interactions are constituted as a subject of dialogue and history. So he had as an aim to investigate through the key concepts of dialogism Bakhtin and discourse analysis, the possibilities of teaching and learning of reading and writing, using language in use, showing the dialogical practices in order to demonstrate that the verbal interactions that result from the actual discursive situations, actually originated in the classroom, from working with the genre can guide the teaching of reading and writing and its social use. Therefore, I base this research on the methodological framework of literature and field. This takes place in view of observed teaching practice related to the early years of literacy and, therefore, to investigate such activities are carried out that reading and writing during the teaching of mother tongue, as are utilized practices of orality and literacy in room classroom and, even if the teacher makes use of this type of language for the acquisition of written language. The results of analysis of data collected by the instruments used, namely, questionnaires, systematic observation and textual production of the students, point to the fact that the literacy teaching practices, classroom researched are far from forming a student literate because the fact of the teachers surveyed knew not the key content for teaching the language, means that they will lead to literacy, from the point of view of language as a monologic process.

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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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This paper deals with hypersegmentation of words that are characterized by the unconventional employment of a graphical boundary (using a white space or hyphen) within the limits of the word, as in "em bora" (“although”, using a white space), and "chama-da" (“called”, using the hyphen). In a study conducted on these data, we identified motivations arising not only from their literate nature but also from the morphosyntactic and prosodic information. We showed that there are linguistic features recurrent in these registers of word boundaries, based on the analysis of texts produced by the students who attended the last four years of elementary school in a public school in São Paulo. In this paper, we advance on this study by selecting data whose characteristics do not match those which were recurrent. We will argue that the unconventional presence of boundary within the written word limits may be interpreted as representing prosodic configurations (of intonation and rhythm nature) which contribute to the construction of the relation of meanings in the text.

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This paper aims to explain certain language phenomena remarkable for example in the Internet. These phenomena are popularly known as “internetês” in Brazilian Portuguese writing texts. A set of texts collected from chats was analyzed based on discoursive and phonological studies. The relationship between spoke and writing is seen as a distinctive character of heterogeneity of writing. In a particular way, the writing of nicknames in these digital interactions is analyzed. It is shown that enunciative complexity came from different linguistic information (phonological, morphological, semantics and enunciative ones). This study aims to contribute for general questions about oral/spoken and literacy/writing in digital context (but not just in those contexts).

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This paper analyzes unconventional segmentation of word found in texts of the sixth grade of Elementary School. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, we describe the prosodic characteristics that may be motivated the hyper and hippossegmentation of words found in 27,4% of 606 investigated texts. We identified a tendency toward a more text with hippossegmentation than hypersegmentation, characteristic similar to what is reported about children’s text. Taking into account the theoretical framework of Prosodic Phonology, we argue about the relevance of prosodic word and clitic group in the description of the regularities observed in data of unconventional segmentation of word. We note that (i) in cases of hipposegmentation, it predominates the hollow of a clitic followed by a phonological word, (ii) in cases of hypersegmentation, it predominates a segmentation of a prosodic word into a clitic group. We present evidences to be the spelling of clitic elements a challenge to students analyzed. By investigating in the grammatical class that owned the clitics spelled unconventionally, we verified that they are prepositions (“em, de, com”) and pronouns (“me, lhe, lo”), a characteristic that particularize these data in relation to data from students in the early stage of language acquisition.

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This paper deals with unconventional segmentations of words in texts produced by students of the last four years of elementary school. The main hypothesis is that these data allow us to observe the characteristics of written and spoken utterances. Through analysis of data on prosodic constituents, we argue that students deal with (conflicting) hypotheses on the organization of unstressed syllables into prosodic constituents: metric feet, prosodic word and clitic group. We found evidence that unconventional spellings have their main motivation in the difficulty of students to assign the status of written word to grammatical items that are prosodic clitics.

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This paper addresses issues regarding my translation of selected poems by Harryette Mullen, a rising African-American contemporary poet, whose dense poetry works on the black oral tradition, the experimentalism of writing, the (African-American) pop music, in addition to delving into issues such as the representation of (black) female sexuality. One of the complex aspects of her poetry is the notion of miscegenation, conceived as an aesthetic argument and as a constitutive condition of the identity of multiracial Americans. This concept establishes a textuality that questions the accessible intelligibility generally expected from black American poetry, insofar as a mosaic of dissonant voices are brought to light in her text, which makes it difficult to categorize. In Brazil, especially among politically engaged Afro-Brazilians, there has been criticism towards the praise of miscegenation, since the latter has been considered to support of the myth of racial democracy. Building on these aspects, we investigate the extent to which it is a challenge to translate her poetry – based on miscegenation and hybridity as aesthetic constructs – especially when taking into account the discursive locus of readers identified with an Afro-Brazilian aesthetic, particularly critical of miscegenation. From the point of view of translation, we evaluate the extent to which her poetry could be read by the predominant cultural discourse in Brazil, inclined to favor miscegenation as an integral concept of national identity, as a seductively experimental poetry. In view of this, one wonders whether this perspective makes hers poetry “less black” for Afro-Brazilian literary standards.

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Neste trabalho, o foco de nossa reflexão é a grafia dos dados de escrita não-convencional de palavras, como ‘com tinuou’ e ‘ciesconder’. A questão que formulamos é: em que medida os erros de segmentação não-convencional também são resultados de decisões acerca da grafia das palavras? A resposta a essa questão é dada a partir da análise de erros de segmentação de palavras (tanto de hipossegmentação quanto de hipersegmentação) que ocorreram em textos produzidos por alunos que, à época da produção, cursavam a quinta série de uma escola pública da rede estadual de São Paulo. Os dados deste estudo foram extraídos de 107 textos produzidos a partir de uma mesma proposta de produção textual por alunos pertencentes a três turmas de quinta série. No total, foram identificadas 58 ocorrências de segmentação não-convencional, sendo 27 hipossegmentações, 28 hipersegmentações e 3 rasuras (quando há oscilação entre hipossegmentação e hipersegmentação de uma mesma palavra identificável por meio de algum elemento gráfico). Analisamos todas essas ocorrências de segmentação não-convencional, classificando-as como casos de hiper e hipossegmentação, buscando observar em que medida fatores de natureza ortográfica, juntamente com os de natureza prosódica, poderiam ser motivadores dessas grafias não-convencionais. Para fundamentar nossa resposta, ampliamos o conjunto de dados analisados às ocorrências de palavras que não estão ortograficamente corretas quanto à escolha de letras, mas que estão corretas quanto à segmentação convencional, como ‘emtão’. Ao consideramos a grafia das segmentações não-convencionais, observamos que as hipersegmentações de palavras que têm sílabas pretônicas ‘con’ e ‘en’ – como ‘com tinuou’, ‘com migo’, ‘com sigo’, e ‘em bora’, ‘en tão’, ‘em quanto’ – estão em parte motivadas no fato de essas sílabas poderem ser elementos funcionais – grafados como ‘com e ‘em’, respectivamente – e ainda no fato de, possivelmente, haver, por parte do escrevente, a observação de, pelo menos, duas regras ortográficas: uma que prevê que a letra ‘M’ só ocorre diante de ‘P, B’, dentro de palavra, e outra que prevê que a letra ‘M’ é a letra com que se grafam as preposições ‘com’ e ‘em’. Uma outra evidência de que há a formulação, por parte do aluno, de hipóteses conflitantes sobre a decisão quanto à grafia das palavras está no fato de ocorrer, em um mesmo texto, erros ortográficos relacionados à escolha entre ‘M’ e ‘N’, como ‘emtão’ e ‘en tão’. Vale observar que a grafia das nasais, particularmente em contexto de coda, oferece uma complexidade extra aos escreventes, desde o início do processo de alfabetização, como atestam os resultados de Chacon e Berti (2008), quando analisam dados de Educação Infantil. As ocorrências de hipossegmentação que envolvem o clítico ‘se’, como ‘ciesconder’, ‘cecasar’, chamam a atenção por serem grafadas com a letra ‘C’, que apresenta o valor de [s] somente quando seguida das letras ‘I’ e ‘E’, como em ‘cidade’ e ‘cebola’. Tem-se, pois, a consideração, por parte do aluno escrevente, de uma possibilidade de representação do sistema ortográfico. Assim, a flutuação na forma de grafar itens gramaticais pode ser interpretada como evidência de hipóteses do escrevente sobre o que seja palavra na escrita, particularmente, quando em jogo as formas dependentes (nos termos de CÂMARA Jr., 1970) ou os clíticos prosódicos (nos termos de BISOL, 2000). As hipóteses (conflitantes, por vezes) do que seja palavra na escrita – e que buscamos explicitar – são ancoradas, principalmente, em informações prosódicas, sobre o estatuto prosódico do clítico, e informações letradas, que dizem respeito à colocação de espaços em branco indicadores de palavra na escrita (que não se confunde com a palavra fonológica, nem com o grupo clítico) e à escolha de letras relacionadas às convenções ortográficas.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This article aims to reflect on the contribution of oral history in studies involving memory and identity of ethnic groups. Problematic issues here are part of the result of two recently completed researches, which consisted of reconstructing the memory of Afro-Brazilians from the methodology of oral history. These surveys were intended to transpose, into written language, memories transmitted by oral tradition and which was confined to family circles. The first was to investigate the process of identification and transmission of knowledge from a black cultural practice in the countryside of São Paulo (Piracicaba, Capivari, and Tietê), the Batuque of Umbigada, and the second to reconstruct the stories and culture of Afro-Brazilians in the city of Itu, São Paulo.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)