999 resultados para modelo linear


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Analizar el modelo log-linear y sus posibilidades de aplicación en la investigación educativa. Al mismo tiempo se hace un estudio de un medio didáctico: el libro de texto, analizando su relación con la función docente del profesor. 308 profesores de EGB de las dos provincias canarias. El muestreo fue ocasional. Se trata de un diseño ex post facto. Se procedió a la aplicación piloto de un cuestionario en una muestra reducida y a su análisis por parte de un grupo de expertos. Después de las modificaciones oportunas, se procedió a su aplicación final con la colaboración de diversos encuestadores para su distribución y recogida. Las variables principales fueron las siguientes. Rreferidas al profesor: años de experiencia, grado de dependencia del libro de texto y ciclo. Referidas a medios didácticos: frecuencia de uso, razones de uso, finalidad didáctica y dimensiones más valoradas para la enseñanza. Cuestionario 'Uso de medios en la enseñanza'. No existe entre el profesorado, considerado globalmente, una tendencia mayoritaria por la dependencia e independencia hacia el libro de texto. Los profesores veteranos tienden a ser dependientes del libro de texto. El resto de los profesores no se inclinan por la dependencia o independencia. La relación del texto con los programas oficiales sólo es valorada por los profesores del ciclo medio. La dimensión curricular centrada en la metodología que más importancia merece son las actividades que propone el texto, seguida del planteamiento metodológico que se desprende de la guía didáctica. La dimensión más valorada es la adecuación del texto, seguida del planteamiento metodológico que se desprende de la guía didáctica. La dimensión más valorada es la adecuación del texto al nivel de conocimientos de los alumnos. Le sigue en importancia el lenguaje utilizado y, finalmente, los aspectos formales del texto (colorido, tamaño, ilustraciones, etc.). Se pone de manifiesto el papel del libro de texto como un medio destinado básicamente a uso del alumnado. Su uso para el profesor se limita a servir de apoyo en sus explicaciones, en tanto que motivar y evaluar el aprendizaje son funciones con las cuales parece incompatible el uso del libro de texto. El análisis log-linear constituye un poderoso instrumento de análisis de variables nominales, con un grado de sofisticación estadística solo disponible hasta ahora para variables continuas. La abundancia de variables nominales en la investigación educativa, le hace especialmente apropiado para nuestro campo. Las ventajas del análisis log-linear dependen de: la naturaleza de las variables, mínimo número de categorías si se incluyen datos continuos, puntos de corte, estrategias de muestreo, etc. Sigue sin disponerse de criterios claros con respecto al tamaño de la muestra y la interpretación de la intensidad de los parámetros. Tampoco se ha desarrollado un sistema de representación gráfica con esta técnica de análisis.

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Neste trabalho é discutido o impacto causado pelos parâmetros de processo com comportamento estocástico em um modelo de otimização, aplicado ao planejamento mineiro. Com base em um estudo de caso real, construiu-se um modelo matemático representando o processo produtivo associado à mineração, beneficiamento e comercialização de carvão mineral. Este modelo foi otimizado com a técnica de programação linear, sendo a solução ótima perturbada pelo comportamento estocástico de um dos principais parâmetros envolvidos no processo produtivo. A análise dos resultados permitiu avaliar o risco associado à decisão ótima, sendo com isto proposta uma metodologia para avaliação do risco operacional.

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The Predictive Controller has been receiving plenty attention in the last decades, because the need to understand, to analyze, to predict and to control real systems has been quickly growing with the technological and industrial progress. The objective of this thesis is to present a contribution for the development and implementation of Nonlinear Predictive Controllers based on Hammerstein model, as well as to its make properties evaluation. In this case, in the Nonlinear Predictive Controller development the time-step linearization method is used and a compensation term is introduced in order to improve the controller performance. The main motivation of this thesis is the study and stability guarantee for the Nonlinear Predictive Controller based on Hammerstein model. In this case, was used the concepts of sections and Popov Theorem. Simulation results with literature models shows that the proposed approaches are able to control with good performance and to guarantee the systems stability

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A seleção de pulverizadores agrícolas que se adaptem às necessidades da propriedade, é um processo trabalhoso, sendo uma das etapas mais importantes dentro do processo produtivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de desenvolver e utilizar um modelo de programação linear para auxiliar na seleção de pulverizadores agrícolas de barras, baseado no menor custo horário do equipamento. Foram utilizadas as informações técnicas referentes a 20 modelos de pulverizadores disponíveis no mercado, sendo quatro autopropelidos, oito de arrasto e oito do tipo montado. A análise de sensibilidade dos componentes dos custos operacionais mostrou que as taxas de reparo e depreciação foram os fatores que mais interferiram na variação do custo horário do conjunto trator-pulverizador. O modelo matemático desenvolvido facilitou a realização da análise de sensibilidade que foi processada em um tempo muito pequeno.

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The separation methods are reduced applications as a result of the operational costs, the low output and the long time to separate the uids. But, these treatment methods are important because of the need for extraction of unwanted contaminants in the oil production. The water and the concentration of oil in water should be minimal (around 40 to 20 ppm) in order to take it to the sea. Because of the need of primary treatment, the objective of this project is to study and implement algorithms for identification of polynomial NARX (Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with Exogenous Input) models in closed loop, implement a structural identification, and compare strategies using PI control and updated on-line NARX predictive models on a combination of three-phase separator in series with three hydro cyclones batteries. The main goal of this project is to: obtain an optimized process of phase separation that will regulate the system, even in the presence of oil gushes; Show that it is possible to get optimized tunings for controllers analyzing the mesh as a whole, and evaluate and compare the strategies of PI and predictive control applied to the process. To accomplish these goals a simulator was used to represent the three phase separator and hydro cyclones. Algorithms were developed for system identification (NARX) using RLS(Recursive Least Square), along with methods for structure models detection. Predictive Control Algorithms were also implemented with NARX model updated on-line, and optimization algorithms using PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization). This project ends with a comparison of results obtained from the use of PI and predictive controllers (both with optimal state through the algorithm of cloud particles) in the simulated system. Thus, concluding that the performed optimizations make the system less sensitive to external perturbations and when optimized, the two controllers show similar results with the assessment of predictive control somewhat less sensitive to disturbances

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Matemática - IBILCE

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

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This study aimed to model a equation for the demand of automobiles and light commercial vehicles, based on the data from February 2007 to July 2014, through a multiple regression analysis. The literature review consists of an information collection of the history of automotive industry, and it has contributed to the understanding of the current crisis that affects this market, which consequence was a large reduction in sales. The model developed was evaluated by a residual analysis and also was used an adhesion test - F test - with a significance level of 5%. In addition, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8159 was determined, indicating that 81.59% of the demand for automobiles and light commercial vehicles can be explained by the regression variables: interest rate, unemployment rate, broad consumer price index (CPI), gross domestic product (GDP) and tax on industrialized products (IPI). Finally, other ten samples, from August 2014 to May 2015, were tested in the model in order to validate its forecasting quality. Finally, a Monte Carlo Simulation was run in order to obtain a distribution of probabilities of future demands. It was observed that the actual demand in the period after the sample was in the range that was most likely to occur, and that the GDP and the CPI are the variable that have the greatest influence on the developed model

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This study aimed to model a equation for the demand of automobiles and light commercial vehicles, based on the data from February 2007 to July 2014, through a multiple regression analysis. The literature review consists of an information collection of the history of automotive industry, and it has contributed to the understanding of the current crisis that affects this market, which consequence was a large reduction in sales. The model developed was evaluated by a residual analysis and also was used an adhesion test - F test - with a significance level of 5%. In addition, a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8159 was determined, indicating that 81.59% of the demand for automobiles and light commercial vehicles can be explained by the regression variables: interest rate, unemployment rate, broad consumer price index (CPI), gross domestic product (GDP) and tax on industrialized products (IPI). Finally, other ten samples, from August 2014 to May 2015, were tested in the model in order to validate its forecasting quality. Finally, a Monte Carlo Simulation was run in order to obtain a distribution of probabilities of future demands. It was observed that the actual demand in the period after the sample was in the range that was most likely to occur, and that the GDP and the CPI are the variable that have the greatest influence on the developed model