Comparação de diferentes tipos de exercício na composição corporal e força em jovens desportistas do sexo feminino

O estudo pretende comparar o efeito de diferentes tipos de exercício físico na composição corporal e força em jovens desportistas do sexo feminino. A amostra foi constituída por vinte e seis desportistas femininas com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e 21 anos. Previamente ao início do estudo foram sujeitas ao 1º momento de avaliação, e após vinte e quatro semanas realizaram o segundo e ultimo momento de avaliação. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a composição corporal através da técnica de absorciometria radiológica de dupla energia; a força isocinética, nomeadamente os momentos de força (peak-torques) e rácios nos músculos extensores e flexores do joelho; a potência muscular nos membros inferiores através dos saltos verticais Squat jump e Countermovement jump. Posteriormente foram separadas em quatro grupos, grupo natação e exercício vibratório (NAT EV; n= 6), grupo natação (NAT; n=6), grupo futsal (FUTS; n= 6) e o grupo de controlo (CONT; n= 8). O grupo (NAT/EV), participou num programa de exercício vibratório (EV), três sessões por semana complementar ao treino de natação. O grupo de (NAT) cumpriu o plano de treino correspondente à disciplina, o grupo de (FUTS) cumpriu o treino referente à respetiva modalidade, o grupo controlo (CONT) realizou somente os exercícios físicos inerentes às aulas de educação física na escola. Resultados: Nas comparações inter grupos, verificou-se no grupo FUTS um aumento de 0,1 (g/m2) ± 0,0 nos valores da DMO-PE, quando comparado com o grupo de CONT, nas comparações intra grupo o grupo de NAT EV registou um acréscimo de 0,1 (g/m2) ± 0,1 nos valores da DMO-TC. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos sugerem que a modalidade de FUTS promoveu mais alterações na composição corporal, nomeadamente na DMO-PE, no entanto dados conseguidos pelo grupo de NAT EV sugerem que o exercício vibratório poderá influenciar positivamente o incremento da DMO; ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different types of exercise on body composition and strength in young female athletes. The sample consisted of twenty-six female athletes aged between 16 and 21. Before the study there was a 1st evaluation point, after twenty-four weeks there was the 2nd and final evaluation. We evaluated body composition through x-ray absorptiometry technique of dual energy, isokinetic strength, including the peak-torques and ratios in the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee; the muscle power in the lower limbs was evaluatated through the vertical jumps Squat jump and countermovement jump. During the study they were separated into four groups, swimming exercise group and vibration (NAT EV; n = 6), swimming group (NAT; n= 6), footsal group (FUTS; n= 6) and control group (CONT; n= 8). The NAT/EV group, participated in a vibrating exercise program (EV), complementary to swimming training, with three sessions per week. The NAT group fulfilled the corresponding swimming workout plan, FUTS group fulfilled the training related to futsal, the CONT group only performed the usual exercises in physical education classes at school. Results: In intergroup comparisons, there was an increase in FUTS group of 0.1 (g / m2) ± 0.0 in the values of MBD-PE, when compared with the CONT group comparisons in intra-group group NAT EV increased by 0.1 (g / m2) ± 0.1 in BMD-TC values. In conclusion, the results suggest that FUTS group promoted more changes in body composition, particularly in BMD-PE, but data obtained by NAT EV group suggest that vibration exercise can positively influence the increase in BMD.

Efecto de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico y un programa de circuito con pesas sobre la calidad de vida, disnea y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en sujetos con enfermedad pulmonar crónica

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico y un programa de circuito con pesas sobre la calidad de vida, disnea y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en sujetos con Enfermedad Pulmonar Crónica (EPC). Metodología: el programa de rehabilitación se hizo durante ocho semanas, se realizó un pretest y un postest, se cumplió con una sesión semanal presencial, y las otras dos domiciliarias, se tuvo comunicación directa vía telefónica los días que realizaban el ejercicio en la casa. Instrumentos: el cuestionario St. George Respiratory Questonnaire para medir calidad de vida, la escala de Borg para medir la disnea y el test de caminata de los 6 min. para medir la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria. Sujetos: participaron 38 personas con diagnóstico previo de EPC, 18 hombres y 20 mujeres; 27 sujetos con patología obstructiva y 11 sujetos con restrictiva., con una edad promedio de 69.8 ± 9.34 años, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos, uno que realizó ejercicio aeróbico (22 sujetos) y otro que ejecutó ejercicio aeróbico y de contrarresistencia con pesas (16 sujetos). Análisis estadístico: ANOVA mixta de cuatro vías (2x2x2x2) para las variables mediciones, sexo, tratamiento y patología. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas entre mediciones para la variable disnea (pre: 7.18 ± 0.69 puntos y post: 4.89 ± 0.68 puntos) (F = 228.770; p < 0,05), calidad de vida (pre: 59.68 ± 7.50 puntos y post 81.75 ± 7.33 puntos) (F = 228.770; p < 0,05), resistencia cardiorrespiratoria (pre 384,95 ± 51,02 mts. y post 432 ± 37,41 mts.) (F: 59.9; p<0.01), pero no se encontraron diferencias por sexo, actividad ni enfermedad (p>0,05), ni interacción entre las variable (p>0,05). Conclusión: la realización de ejercicio físico aeróbico y anaeróbico mejoran el grado de disnea, la calidad de vida y resistencia cardiorrespiratoria en pacientes con EPC.

O efeito da hidroterapia na dor, qualidade de vida e funcionalidade em pacientes com fibromialgia

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Fisioterapia

El ejercicio y el desempeño musical: doce semanas de actividad física mejoran la capacidad de ejecución de un instrumento musical en estudiantes de conservatorio

Con el fin de evaluar los cambios que produce un programa de actividad física en la percepción que tienen los músicos sobre su capacidad de ejecución de un instrumento musical, se realizó una intervención con un programa de actividad física basado en la técnica Pilates, durante 12 semanas, en el Conservatorio de Música de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, con estudiantes del programa de música instrumental. Se midieron parámetros de la aptitud física (capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, fuerza, flexibilidad y composición corporal) y de la percepción de la capacidad de ejecución (fatiga muscular, nivel de esfuerzo, dolor y fluidez) antes y después de la intervención. Los resultados arrojaron cambios positivos en la aptitud física logrando un aumento significativo en la flexibilidad y resistencia de los miembros inferiores en 14 participantes (70% de la muestra), y en la percepción de la capacidad de ejecución instrumental con el retraso en la aparición de la fatiga muscular mientras se está ejecutando el instrumento (30 minutos en promedio). Esto permite a los músicos abordar un repertorio extenso con menor fatiga, minimizando el riesgo de lesión o alteraciones musculo-esqueléticas que influyan directamente en su desempeño técnico y artístico.

El concepto y la práctica de la actividad física y su relación con calidad de vida en los modelos teóricos de la salud

Los estudios acerca del concepto actividad física (AF) son diversos, presentando diferentes concepciones; su relación con calidad de vida suele estar generada dentro del discurso médico, que propende por la ejecución de la Actividad Física desde una mirada netamente biológica. Si bien esta disertación es importante, se debe tener en cuenta que los estudios relacionados con calidad de vida y la AF se basan en la condición de bienestar y percepción frente al estado de salud; dichos estudios no se han realizado desde las condiciones de vida y del contexto social. Si bien es cierto que la mirada médica y lo estudios objetivos son relevantes, ya que arrojan estadísticas que permiten abordar recomendaciones en cuanto a la actividad física, en este documento se elaboró una investigación de tipo cualitativo por medio de la revisión documental del concepto de actividad física, sus prácticas y su relación con calidad de vida, que abordan diferentes autores. Para ello se elige la base de datos PubMed por su énfasis en las publicaciones de salud; se seleccionan artículos publicados del 2004 y 2014, que estudien el concepto de actividad física, sus prácticas y relaciones con calidad de vida, para finalmente hacer un análisis desde los modelos de determinación y determinantes sociales. De esta forma se analiza la posición de los autores con respecto al concepto, sus prácticas y las relaciones que puede llegar a surgir con la calidad de vida. En esta investigación se obtuvo como resultados tendencias biológicas, psicológicas, sociales y culturales, en los cuales los autores dejan clara la posición médica ya que en la mayoría de investigaciones centran sus relaciones en la funcionalidad, y es a través de la visión terapéutica donde buscan el bienestar, la satisfacción de los pacientes que padecen cualquier enfermedad. Además, aparecen categorías emergentes como: cuerpo como medio de publicidad, cibernética que avanza vertiginosamente y el papel del poder en la actividad física que pueden ser contempladas para otros estudios.

Efeitos de um programa de exercício multimodal em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas

Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos de um programa de exercício multimodal sobre o funcionamento cognitivo e aptidão física funcional em pessoas idosas institucionalizadas. Método: Os participantes foram selecionados por conveniência entre os utentes de duas instituições de apoio a pessoas idosas. O grupo inicial foi constituído por um total de 21 pessoas de ambos os sexos (77-92 anos). Inicialmente, foi garantido um “período de controlo” de 4 semanas, em que os participantes mantiveram as suas atividades de vida quotidianas normais. Posteriormente, todos os idosos integraram um programa de exercício multimodal durante 8 semanas. Para estudar os efeitos da intervenção foram recolhidos dados em 3 momentos distintos: previamente ao período de controlo, após o período de controlo e no final do programa de intervenção. Foram efetuados testes físicos/motores, cognitivos e de dupla-tarefa (motor-cognitivo). Durante as sessões de exercício, alternaram-se períodos constituídos por tarefas motoras com períodos em que as tarefas motoras implicavam uma mobilização simultânea de recursos cognitivos. Resultados: A análise estatística dos dados recolhidos nos três momentos de avaliação, revelou efeitos positivos da intervenção ao nível da atenção, tempo de reação, força muscular, agilidade e capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Nos testes realizados em dupla-tarefa, foram encontradas melhorias no teste timed up and go, mas não se verificaram melhorias no teste de tempo de reação. A análise estatística dos dados recolhidos nos três momentos de avaliação, revelou efeitos positivos (p<0.05). da intervenção ao nível da atenção, tempo de reação, força muscular, agilidade e capacidade cardiorrespiratória. Nos testes realizados em dupla-tarefa, foram encontradas melhorias no teste timed up and go (p<0.05), mas não se verificaram melhorias no teste de tempo de reação. Conclusões: Um programa de exercícios multimodal induz melhorias no funcionamento cognitivo e motor de pessoas idosas institucionalizadas. É aconselhada a divulgação deste tipo de intervenção para pessoas idosas institucionalizadas; Effects of a Multimodal Exercise Program for Elderly Institutionalized Abstract: Objective: To investigate wthe effects of a multimodal exercise program on cognitive functioning and physical fitness of institutionalized elderly. Method: Participants were selected by convenience among two nursing home residents. Twenty-one people (77-92 years old) of both genders participated. During the first 4 weeks (control period), participants were not engaged in the exercise program and continue with their normal daily life activities. After the control period, the group was engaged in a multimodal exercise program for 8 weeks (2 times per week). To study the effects of a multimodal exercise program, data were collected at three different times: prior to the control period, after the control period, and at the end of the intervention. Several motor tests (physical fitness), cognitive tests and dual-tasks (motor-cognitive) were performed. The exercise sessions alternated between periods of motor taks and periods with motor plus cognitive tasks performed simultaneously. Results: The analysis of the data collected in the three moments of evaluation, show positive effects of the exercise program in cognitive dimensions (information processing speed and attention) and functional physical fitness components (muscle resistance, cardiorespiratory fitness and dynamic balance). In tests carried out in dual-task conditions, the exercise program promoted improvements in the timed up and go test (with mental calculations). Statistical analysis of the data collected at the three evaluation moments revealed positive effects (p <0.05). Of attention intervention, reaction time, muscle strength, agility and cardiorespiratory capacity. In the double-task tests, improvements were found in the timed up and go test (p <0.05), but there were no improvements in the reaction time test. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that a multimodal exercise program can improve cognitive functioning and physical fitness in institutionalized older people. Thus, this type of intervention should be promoted among nursing home residents.

Envelhecimento e Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2: estudo dos efeitos do exercício físico no comportamento postural e capacidade funcional de pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2

A Diabetes Mellitus é uma patologia fortemente associada ao processo de envelhecimento, afectando cada vez mais pessoas em todo o mundo. Uma das maiores complicações observadas nesta população prende-se com a diminuição do controlo postural e da capacidade funcional relacionada com a locomoção. O exercício físico tem sido apontado como uma das formas de prevenção e tratamento deste problema, no entanto existe ainda uma lacuna no conhecimento sobre o modo mais indicado de exercício. O presente pretende avaliar os efeitos de um programa de exercício físico aeróbio sobre o controlo postural e a capacidade funcional de pacientes portadores de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 30 sujeitos de ambos os sexos, distribuídos por um grupo experimental (n=16) a quem foi aplicado o programa de exercício físico, e por um grupo de controlo (n=14), o qual não usufruiu de qualquer programa de exercício físico. O programa teve a duração de 12 semanas de treino, e uma frequência de 3 vezes por semana. Os participantes mantiveram-se em movimento constante durante as sessões tendo os exercícios realizados possuído uma forte componente dinâmica. Foi avaliado o controlo postural através de uma plataforma de forças e a capacidade funcional através de um conjunto de cinco testes funcionais. Os resultados obtidos revelam não terem existido diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05) na interacção entre grupos e momentos de avaliação nas variáveis analisadas, com excepção para a performance no Timed Get Up & Go Test, a qual melhorou significativamente (p<0,05) no grupo experimental. Estes dados sugerem que a especificidade tanto estática como dinâmica dos exercícios e a intensidade a que são realizados são factores fundamentais a ter em consideração no planeamento de programas de exercício físico, com vista à melhoria quer do controlo postural quer da capacidade funcional em portadores de Diabetes Mellius Tipo 2. ABSTRACT: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease associated with aging, affecting a growing number of people all over the world. One of the major concerns in this population relates to the decline of postural control and functional capacity. Exercise has been suggested as one way of preventing and treating this problem, however little is known about the most appropriate mode of exercise. This study evaluates the effect of an aerobic exercise program on postural control and functional capacity of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The sample consisted of 30 subjects, over an experimental group (n = 16) applied to an exercise program, and a control group (n = 14), that received no treatment. The program lasted 12 weeks, three times a week. Participants remained in constant motion during the sessions and the exercises performed had a strong dynamic component. Postural control was assessed using a force platform and functional capacity through a set of five functional tests. The results show that there were no statistically significant differences (p>O, O5) in group/moment interaction in the variables analyzed, except for the Timed Get Up & Go Test, which improved significantly (p <0,05) in the experimental group. These data suggest that both static and dynamic specificity and intensity of exercises are key factors in exercises programs planning, targeted to improve both postural control and functional capacity in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellius.

Effects of an exercise training program in physical condition after liver transplantation in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: a case report

Introduction: Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to sensory and motor polyneuropathies as well as functional limitations. So far, liver transplantation is the only treatment for FAP because the mutated protein causing the disease is mainly produced in the liver. With the increasing survival of transplant recipients, functional and cardiovascular problems as consequences of immunosuppressant side effects are increasing associated with sedentary lifestyles and/or retransplantation status. We sought to analyze the impact of exercise training programs on 1 FAP patient’s course long-term after liver transplantation. Methodology. A FAP patient (female; 49 years of age; body mass index 18.8 kg/m2) underwent a liver transplantation 133 months before assessment. She was assessed for body composition, isometric quadriceps muscle strength, functional capacity, fatigue, and levels of physical activity before and after a 6-month period of combined exercise training. Results: After the exercise training program, almost all variables were improved, namely, total body skeletal muscle mass, proximal femoral bone mineral density, quadriceps strength, maximal oxygen consumption on 6 minutes walk test (6mwt) or VO2peak, total ventilation on 6mwt, and fatigue. The improvement in distance on 6mwt (69.2 m) was clinically significant. Preintervention the levels of physical activity were below international recommendations for health; after the program they achieved the recommendations. Conclusion: The results showed an improvement in functional capacity with a decrease in future disability risk associated with a better lifestyle with respect to physical activity levels in 1 patient.

Intermittent claudication and physical exercise: effectiveness of a home-based program

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as a high incidence in general population and 12% to 20% of population with more than 60 years has already clinical symptoms, such as intermittent claudication (IC), pain, loss of strength and functional incapacity. There are already some studies who refer the possible positive effects of physical exercise in functional consequences of PAD.

Factors that Influence Adherence to Exercise among Patients Attending a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the factors of adherence to physical activity in subjects attending a cardiac rehabilitation program, and subjects who have withdrawal this same program using the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change. Methods: We conducted an observational, cross sectional type study, with a sample of 33 individuals (15 currently participating in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program and 18 who no more attended the same program), with the questionnaires being personally delivered or sent by mail. For data analysis, we used the computer program SPSS® version 16.0. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: There were no significant differences in the states of Change, Self-efficacy, Decisional Balance and Change Processes in both groups. We obtained a high Spearman correlation between States of Change and Self-efficacy (r2 = 0.778) and the Pros (r2 = 0.764) and Againsts (r2 = -0.744) in Decisional Balance. However, there were no significant evidence to affirm that States of Change and experiential processes of change (p = 0.465) andbehavioral (p = 0.300) had a correlation. A relationship was found, in terms of proportions between physical activity incorporated or not in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program and age (p = 0.003), occupation (p = 0.010) and the entity paying the costs of program (p = 0.027). Conclusion: It was concluded that perceived self-efficacy and Pros and Againsts of the Decisional Balance are related to adherence to physical activity. Results also point out that age, profession and the entity paying the costs of the program influences the dropout of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs.

Cost-effectiveness of an exercise intervention program in perimenopausal women: the Fitness League Against MENopause COst (FLAMENCO) randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The high prevalence of women that do not reach the recommended level of physical activity is worrisome. A sedentary lifestyle has negative consequences on health status and increases health care costs. The main objective of this project is to assess the cost-effectiveness of a primary care-based exercise intervention in perimenopausal women. METHODS/DESIGN The present study is a Randomized Controlled Trial. A total of 150 eligible women will be recruited and randomly assigned to either a 16-week exercise intervention (3 sessions/week), or to usual care (control) group. The primary outcome measure is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The secondary outcome measures are: i) socio-demographic and clinical information; ii) body composition; iii) dietary patterns; iv) glycaemic and lipid profile; v) physical fitness; vi) physical activity and sedentary behaviour; vii) sleep quality; viii) quality of life, mental health and positive health; ix) menopause symptoms. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post intervention. The data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis and per protocol. In addition, we will conduct a cost effectiveness analysis from a health system perspective. DISCUSSION The intervention designed is feasible and if it proves to be clinically and cost effective, it can be easily transferred to other similar contexts. Consequently, the findings of this project might help the Health Systems to identify strategies for primary prevention and health promotion as well as to reduce health care requirements and costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02358109 . Date of registration: 05/02/2015.

Evolution of Gait Performance and Fear of Falling after a 10-Week Program of Exercise Training in Community Dwelling Older People

A pilot study was conducted to determine the effect of a 10-week, low intensity, exercise training program on fear of falling and gait in fifty (mean age 78.1 years, 79% women) community-dwelling volunteers. Fear of falling (measured by falls self-efficacy) and gait performance were assessed at baseline and one week after program completion. At follow-up, participants modestly improved their falls self-efficacy and gait speed. To investigate whether this effect differed according to participants' fear of falling, secondary analyses stratified by subject's baseline falls efficacy were performed. Subjects with lower than average falls efficacy improved significantly their falls efficacy and gait performance, while no significant change occurred in the others. Small but significant improvements occurred after this pilot training program, particularly in subjects with low baseline falls efficacy. These results suggest that measures of falls efficacy might be useful for better targeting individuals most likely to benefit from similar training programs.

Short-term follow-up of exercise training program and beta-blocker treatment on quality of life in dogs with naturally acquired chronic mitral valve disease

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of carvedilol treatment and a regimen of supervised aerobic exercise training on quality of life and other clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical variables in a group of client-owned dogs with chronic mitral valve disease (CMVD). Ten healthy dogs (control) and 36 CMVD dogs were studied, with the latter group divided into 3 subgroups. In addition to conventional treatment (benazepril, 0.3-0.5 mg/kg once a day, and digoxin, 0.0055 mg/kg twice daily), 13 dogs received exercise training (subgroup I; 10.3±2.1 years), 10 dogs received carvedilol (0.3 mg/kg twice daily) and exercise training (subgroup II; 10.8±1.7 years), and 13 dogs received only carvedilol (subgroup III; 10.9±2.1 years). All drugs were administered orally. Clinical, laboratory, and Doppler echocardiographic variables were evaluated at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Exercise training was conducted from months 3-6. The mean speed rate during training increased for both subgroups I and II (ANOVA, P>0.001), indicating improvement in physical conditioning at the end of the exercise period. Quality of life and functional class was improved for all subgroups at the end of the study. The N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level increased in subgroup I from baseline to 3 months, but remained stable after training introduction (from 3 to 6 months). For subgroups II and III, NT-proBNP levels remained stable during the entire study. No difference was observed for the other variables between the three evaluation periods. The combination of carvedilol or exercise training with conventional treatment in CMVD dogs led to improvements in quality of life and functional class. Therefore, light walking in CMVD dogs must be encouraged.

The effects of a 12-week multifactorial exercise and balance training program on balance control in older adults

The current thesis investigated the effects of a 12-week multifactorial exercise and balance training program on balance control in older adults. Participants completed a baseline testing session which included a series of questionnaires, anthropometric measures, and 18 stance and walking tests. Those who were randomly assigned to the exercise group participated in the 12-week training program while the comparison group was asked not to change anything in his/her lifestyle during the 12-week control period, but were invited to participate in the training program after his/her control period. The same testing protocol was repeated after the 12-week period. The results indicated that there were improvements in the time to complete the walking tests but no change in trunk sway in both the exercise and comparison groups. No changes in stance durations or trunk sway were observed. The findings suggest that the current training program showed no significant improvement in balance control in healthy older adults.

Exercise training program based on minimum weekly frequencies: effects on blood pressure and physical fitness in elderly hypertensive patients

Background: Exercise training (ET) can reduce blood pressure (BP) and prevent functional disability. However, the effects of low volumes of training have been poorly studied, especially in elderly hypertensive patients. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a multi-component ET program (aerobic training, strength, flexibility, and balance) on BP, physical fitness, and functional ability of elderly hypertensive patients. Methods: Thirty-six elderly hypertensive patients with optimal clinical treatment underwent a multi-component ET program: two 60-minute sessions a week for 12 weeks at a Basic Health Unit. Results: Compared to pre-training values, systolic and diastolic BP were reduced by 3.6% and 1.2%, respectively (p < 0.001), body mass index was reduced by 1.1% (p < 0.001), and peripheral blood glucose was reduced by 2.5% (p= 0.002). There were improvements in all physical fitness domains: muscle strength (chair-stand test and elbow flexor test; p < 0.001), static balance test (unipedal stance test; p < 0.029), aerobic capacity (stationary gait test; p < 0.001), except for flexibility (sit and reach test). Moreover, there was a reduction in the time required to perform two functional ability tests: "put on sock" and "sit down, stand up, and move around the house" (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Lower volumes of ET improved BP, metabolic parameters, and physical fitness and reflected in the functional ability of elderly hypertensive patients. Trial Registration RBR-2xgjh3.