Avaliação de inibidores verdes microemulsionados na inibição à corrosão do aço carbono AISI 1020

In general, among the corrosion inhibitors surfactants are the most commonly used compounds, because they are significantly effective by forming protective films on anodic and cathodic areas. In this study, microemulsions containing he biodegradable saponified coconut oil as surfactant (SME-OCS) was used as green corrosion inhibitors. With this purpose, methanolic extracts of Ixora coccinea Linn (IC) and a polar fraction rich in alkaloids (FA) obtained from Croton cajucara Benth solubilized in the SME-OCS system were examined in the presence of AISI 1020 carbon steel, in saline solution (NaCl 3,5 %). The efficiency of corrosion inhibition of IC and FA were evaluated in the following microemulsions: SME-OCS-IC and SME-OCS-FA. The microemulsion system SME-OCS in the presence and absence of IC and FA was assessed by measurements of weight loss and the electrochemical method of polarization resistance, with variation in the concentration of IC and FA (50 - 400 ppm), showing significant results of corrosion inhibition (83,6 % SME-OCS; 92,2 % SME-OCS-FA; and 95,3 % SME-OCS-IC)

Produção de biomassa e composição química de adubos verdes cultivados no Vale do Ribeira

The contribution of green manure to soil improvement and crop production depends primarily on biomass production and its chemical composition, which vary depending on the species, region and growing season. The aim of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition of biomass produced by green manures in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil. In order to develop this research, was carried an experiment in Pariquera-Acu, in 2006/2007, in completely randomized blocks design with four treatments (three green manure and spontaneous vegetation) and five replications. At 30, 60, 90 and 120 after sowing samples were collected in 1m(2) of the shoots and determined fresh and dry, and chemical composition biomass. Sunhemp, pigeon pea and mucuna produced, in decreasing order, the largest quantities of biomass and were more efficient than the spontaneous vegetation. The biomass produced by green manure had higher quality than that produced by spontaneous vegetation. Sunhemp and pigeon pea have a higher proportion of dry matter in stems which have low N, high C/N and L/N ratio, variables indicating slow decomposition of residues. The analysis of dry matter partitioned to better indication of the chemical composition of the residues and the prevision of the availability of nutrients in the soil.

Novos espaços da política: a dinâmica das lutas locais

The dynamics of social fights in Santa Maria district, Aracaju, represents, in this study, the search process for understanding and analyzing the articulations of the social movements, their victories, and their ways of practicing politics, it proposes, therefore, a search for explanations and to reflect upon some issues such as: what are the dynamics of social fights and victories of the popular social movements is Santa Maria District? How do they work to solve their problems and to answer the demands along with the institutions that are responsible for the public policies in the district? With the answers to these and other questions, an analysis of the population‟s fights with the support of local social movements will be conducted. It will be done based on the historical-critical perspective of the social movements within the context of social live, through a qualitative approach based on semi=structured interviews applied to people who are close observers of the district‟s reality, and on the analysis of News contents that were published in two newspapers from Aracaju in previous years, especially from 2004 to 2008. In face of the material studied about the News from newspapers and the contents of magazines, it is evident that the local popular movements began as a new way of practicing politics that was characterized by a reproductive practice of the status quo. There is one perspective left for the population from Santa Maria District, that they demand the local leadership to take actions in face of their dynamic of fights

Organizações comunitárias e movimentos sociais : conflitos e tensões nos espaços de participação do município de Natal

This study reflects on the conflicts that exist between the different forms of participation and the political representation manifested by community organizations and social movements in the city of Natal/RN. The objective is to better understand the process of political participation of the popular classes and how the different actors have represented collective demands in the struggle for rights. To this end, we mapped the organizations, social movements and participation spaces, through a type of participant research, in which we had the opportunity to experience and study different forms of collective action and events instigated by the community organizations and the Movement for the Struggle in the Neighborhoods, Villages and Slums (Movimento de Luta nos Bairros, Vilas e Favelas) MLB. From the theoretical contributions of authors such as Maria da Glória Gohn, Marco Aurélio Nogueira, Virginia Fontes, Vera da Silva Telles, Roberto Da Matta and Carlos Montaño, as well as the empirical data collected, the study revealed that on representing their segments and occupying different spaces of participation, some actors have formed partnerships with the State, putting collective demands on a second plane. Contrarily, other actors have articulated their struggle around collective demands and manifested through direct action, mobilizing and asserting themselves in defense of a project for society

Efeitos da densidade de plantas no rendimento comercial de espigas verdes de cultivares de milho

A cultura do milho-verde é alternativa de grande valor econômico para pequenos e médios agricultores, principalmente em áreas irrigadas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento comercial de espigas verdes e de outras características das plantas de seis cultivares de milho, submetidas a quatro densidades populacionais. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em parcelas subdivididas, com seis tratamentos principais (cultivares), quatro tratamentos secundários (densidade populacional) e quatro repetições dispostas em blocos casualizados. As cultivares Cativerde 2, P3232, BM3061 e AG4051 apresentaram as maiores alturas de plantas, enquanto SWB551 foi a mais reduzida. A menor altura média de inserção da primeira espiga foi obtida pela cultivar SWB551. As cultivares AG4051, AG1051, BM3061 e P3232 foram superiores às demais em comprimento e no número de espigas comerciais despalhadas. Entre as quatro densidades populacionais, 50.000 plantas ha-1 foi a que promoveu o mais alto rendimento de espigas. O híbrido P3232 apresentou ciclo e acúmulo térmico superiores às demais cultivares, com BM3061 sendo a mais precoce.

Atividade microbiana do solo em pomar de laranja em resposta ao cultivo de adubos verdes

Adubos verdes (AVs) são condicionadores do solo utilizados para a melhoria da estrutura e fertilidade do solo. Este estudo avaliou o efeito de Crotalaria spectabilis Roth (crotalária), Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp (guandu) e Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (braquiária) nas propriedades microbiológicas e bioquímicas do solo sob laranjal. As leguminosas foram plantadas nas entrelinhas do laranjal e, após 3 meses, cortadas e lançadas nas entrelinhas. A braquiária, já estabelecida, foi roçada e lançada nas entrelinhas. Após 5 meses, as amostras de solo foram coletadas na entrelinha e na linha, na profundidade de 0-20 cm. O delineamento experimental foi em parcela subdividida. Efeito significativo (p< 0,05%) da aplicação dos AV sobre as contagens de bactérias, as atividades da desidrogenase e nitrificante foram obtidas e aumentaram, em média, de 20, 39 e 190%, respectivamente. O número de fungos diminuiu de 57%. A atividade da urease e a solubilizadora, e os conteúdos de matéria orgânica e umidade não foram influenciados pela aplicação dos AVs. Dentre as plantas, respostas significativas foram obtidas decorrentes do estímulo da atividade da desidrogenase em 57% pelo guandu, da urease em 58% pela braquiária, solubilizadora em 346% pela crotalária e nitrificante em 236% pelo guandu ou braquiária em relação aos demais AVs. Estes resultados sugerem que a aplicação de AVs durante anos consecutivos pode estimular a ação dos microrganismos e melhorar a qualidade do solo.

Democracia Possível: espaços institucionais, participação social e cultura política

The present study aims at making a theoretically reflection about the reconstruction process of democracy that can be observed in the country since the opening political process, which took place with the Geisel´s government in 1974, passing through the first civil president, in 1985, the Constitution process, in 1986, and finally the Constitution promulgation in 1988. It interests to this study analyses the premise that the 1988 Constitution inaugurates the moment in which democracy starts to be reconstructed in the country, and that this reconstruction is made in such a brand new way, once it included the possibility of participation of the civil society in the deliberation of the public politics, what became possible with the creation of new spaces of a gestion shared by the three executive powers: federal; states; municipalities, and with the civil society, in the councils created in those spheres. In this way, this work wishes to focus the opening process to the civil society participation, wich became possible with the creation of the city councils of public politics. It´s about investigating the form in wich the relations set up in these hibrid spaces could be considered democratic, inclusive and promoters of effective participation, checking up tendencies, giving emphasis to regularities and some specifities encountered in the forms of participation, which have been observed in those councils. In order to comprehend the democratic process in construction in the country, the analysis of the relations established by the civil society and the local executive power in the obligatory municipal councils is taken as object of study, passing by the tensions wich evolves institutions and political practices, permeated by the local political culture. It starts from a briefly review of works already made on the subject

Da escala médica de saúde à experiência social do saudável :diálogo entre os espaços dos bares e das academias fisiculturistas na cidade do Natal-RN

Currently, we attend a reverence of concepts ahead as health, life, youth and body. In we widen amount the ideals concerned to the healthful life, to the quality of life, the longevity and joviality and the extremities of the body represented by the illness, for the virus infection, the physical deficiency and the aging. Of the historical shades of the plague, of the hunger and the war that gagged the defenseless individual and its body, in the current days we increase the search for a full and powerful life, independent of a religious imaginary to predict the epidemic curse, the threat represented for the sick people and the incarnate divine anger in the death; or of medical science presented in the spaces of the technology and the physiology, being left fragile the social and psychological dimensions of the human confined to the patient issue and, finally, the commanded urban health politics in quantitative goals of hygienic cleaning, of the medical techniques and the education citizen. For beyond these instances, emerges in our days a plural, close and biographical agreement well of the body and welfare. On the other hand, an understanding of the healthful life and well-being that more certifies the presence of something the one that clear landmarks amongst normality and the irregularity, the esteem and the destructive vice: it has a projection of healthful life measures without conceptual models of body and health under the doctor-scientific standard occidental. This thematic one will confide in way to the enclosure for spaces to the muscles and fitness exercises and the bars from the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, while comprehensive interchange concerning as the individual comes dealing with the notion the body and health and, mainly, if perceiving inside of its body and its health. Amongst these two spaces of typical leisure of the modern urban phenomenon, the hedonism bodily with its muscles and salience and one another form of hedonism in the fruition of allowed drugs will be across itself in a dialogue about which social s relationships are really in game in an imaginary construction amongst an doctor-aesthetic ideal of health and the social and subjective experience in the option for a healthful life

A formação do professor em diferentes espaços socializadores: um olhar sobre os alunos do curso Pedagogia da Terra da UFRN

This work is an analysis about the teacher's formation starting from certain aspects of its culture. It is supposed that the teacher is constituted in an individual that acts starting from singular aspects, in an individual point of view, but at the same time it interacts with other individuals in an environment strongly marked by the culture. Those two dimensions are representatives of the socio-cultural characteristics and they can be seen in the perspective of the individual and collective identity. Based on those presuppositions we chose, as reference, four environment of formation: the family, the school, the work and the Movement of the Rural Workers Without-Soil/MST (MST: The without-soil-ones in Portuguese) observing as the teachers refers to those environment highlighting, mostly, the formative aspects stood out. The individuals researched are teachers involved in the education of settled communities, who are students of the Earth Pedagogy course of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte/UFFRN. For our analyses, we used narrative texts, written by the teachers, as conclusion of the discipline History of the Brazilian Education in which they tell their life histories. The speeches show as the environments of reference influence in their world conceptions, attitudes and values that not just mix in an individual dimension, but also collective. The research make us reflect about the possibility to think on the educational action starting from that understanding of wide formation considering the present elements in the courses of teacher's life

Espaços transversais em educação matemática :uma contribuição para a formação de professores na perspectiva etnomatemática

This PH.D. thesis is an attempt to show the beginning, evolution and unfolding of the making of a pedagogical work proposal based on culturally-built knowings in the heart of a traditional community, having as one of its starting points the knowings and doings experienced by dish-making women from Maruanum living in the city of Macapá, State of Amapá, Brazil. This proposal is strongly associated with the need we have to think about the nature of (ethnological)-mathematical knowledge generated by particular communities and about the way such knowledge can be discussed, worked out, and validated in learning environments, regardless of the level of instruction and the constraints imposed by government programs and educational institutions. Among its theoretical foundations are studies on instrumental activities that are typical of the Maruanum ceramics and investigative studies from the point of view of ethnomathematics. Methodological development took place with the application of activities, where traditional and instrumental knowledge observed in the production of ceramics had been adapted for and brought into the school environment , participative observation, as well as data collecting and organization techniques, such as interviews, statements, and audio an visual recordings. Analysis of the data collected focused on the relationship between the data-generating potential and the purpose of this study. Our aim is to make and estimate of the potential contributions from local situations and/or problems it would possibly bring to the formative learning of people involved in the educational processes of these communities, with a view to a spatial and temporal transformation of reality

A palavra cantada nos espaços intersubjetivos de um centro de atenção psisossocial do município do Natal/RN

The psychiatric care and mental health are undergoing constant change over the History. The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, which brings up the deinstitutionalization as a structuring in the restorative care process. The Reform has as one of the mainly substitutive services the Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS), which work from the Singular Therapeutic Project (PTS) in order to restore the autonomy and restore the dignity of users. The therapeutic workshop is some of the resources used and work several kinds of activities as: writing, handcraft, music, poetry, and so forth. This study set up to apprehend the social representations of helping of the music workshop carried out in the CAPS II east of Natal/RN, from the reports given by the participants of the workshop, using the focal group as technique. This is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach. A total of 16 users participated in four musical therapeutic workshops from April to May 2010. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of UFRN. The discursive material from the workshop was submitted to the informational resource of Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d um Ensemble de Segments de Texte, ALCESTE, and analyzed based on the Theory of Representations and the Central Core Theory. The majority of subjects were men (62.5%), single (62.5%), aged 40-49 years (37.6%) and elementary school level (56.2 %). The reports were transcribed and submitted to the classification system of ALCESTE, which elected the following categories: Category 1 - Experience in the Word Family Sung, Category 2 - Musical Experiences and Approaches, and Category 3 - Feelings and emotions evoked by music. The representation of these individuals is anchored in the experience they have with the CAPS, lived and socialized by common sense, through this particular social group workshop objectified in music therapy as a therapeutic modality enjoyable. The central core revealed the intrinsic relationship between users and the music, establishing a relationship of openness to use the same while its therapeutic use in workshops of substitute services for mental health. Peripherals elements issues are related to listen, share and experience music in the family. Intermediary Elements relate to the feelings and emotions evoked by music, given her close relationship with it. It was found in the study that music can be construed as an artifact of good therapeutic responsiveness to users, configuring it as an invigorating and enjoyable therapy, confirming the need for continuity of this activity, as well as its expansion into the service

A intenção e o gesto :ações gerenciais de enfermeiros em espaços hospitalares

The present study analyses the supervisory practice of the nurse in the hospital environment. It has, as its main objective identify the use of planning, supervision and evaluation, as managerial instruments in the daily nursing practice. It tries also to identify the importance given to these instruments in their supervisory actions and the difficulties encountered in their use. It deals with an exploratory and analytical investigation with a qualitative approach having as its main point of analysis the principles of strategic planning. In order for it to be done 10 nurses were interviewed, distributed in three public hospitals in the city of Natal/RN. The results show that, although the nurses recognize the importance of the managerial instruments, they do not put them into practice in an effective and systematic way. They justify it because of the existence of personal, professional and institutional difficulties. On the other hand we could conclude from what they say that there is the desire to overcome the eminently burocratic vision of the management. Thus, they express a feeling for change and point in the direction of looking for ways that will contribute to innovate this practice

Épocas de poda na produção de figos verdes 'Roxo de Valinhos' em sistema orgânico na região oeste do Paraná

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da época de poda sobre o crescimento e a produção da figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos', cultivada na região oeste do Paraná, sob sistema orgânico, para a produção de figos-verdes. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e seis tratamentos - épocas de poda: abril, maio, junho, julho, agosto e setembro. em cada parcela, constituída de três plantas úteis, foram coletados dados no ciclo de produção de 2007/2008. As variáveis fenológicas, comprimento final médio dos ramos, produção por mês (número e massa média de frutos por planta e produtividade estimada, entre os meses de outubro a fevereiro), produção acumulada, produtividade estimada acumulada e massa fresca média dos frutos. Houve diferenças na produção entre as épocas de poda; plantas podadas em julho e agosto apresentaram as maiores produções, escalonadas entre os meses de dezembro a fevereiro, com pico de produção em janeiro.

Número de ramos na produção de figos verdes 'Roxo de Valinhos' no oeste do Paraná

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito do número de ramos produtivos sobre o desenvolvimento e a produção de figos verdes 'Roxo de Valinhos'. O experimento foi conduzido com plantas de quatro anos de idade, em sistema de produção orgânica, espaçamento 2 x 3 m, de julho de 2007 a fevereiro de 2008, em Quatro Pontes-PR. Os tratamentos consistiram em plantas conduzidas com 6; 9; 12; 15; 18 e 21 ramos produtivos. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos e três plantas úteis por parcela. No sistema de produção orgânica, as maiores estimativas de produção e produtividade de figos verdes foram obtidas em plantas conduzidas com 21 ramos.

Sistema desponte na produção de figos verdes 'Roxo de Valinhos'

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito do sistema desponte sobre o desenvolvimento e a produção de figos verdes 'Roxo de Valinhos'. O experimento utilizando plantas de quatro anos de idade, com espaçamento 3 x 2m, foi conduzido de julho de 2007 a março de 2008, em Quatro Pontes, Paraná (PR). O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos, e os tratamentos foram arranjados em fatorial 2 x 5, tomando por fatores o número de ramos produtivos (plantas conduzidas com seis ou 12 ramos) e o número de despontes (um, dois, três ou quatro, além do controle sem desponte). No sistema desponte, após a emissão da 16a folha, o ramo foi despontado (gema apical removida), selecionando-se duas brotações por ramo produtivo. Novos despontes foram realizados posteriormente, sempre após a emissão da sexta folha. em cada parcela, constituída de três plantas úteis, foram coletados dados no ciclo de produção 2007/08. A maior produção (2.208,87g planta-1) e produtividade estimada (3.681,19kg ha-1) observada de figos verdes foram obtidas quando as plantas foram conduzidas com 12 ramos produtivos, efetuando-se três despontes.