A representação visual dos géneros: uma análise a partir das revistas de segmento masculino

Este e-working paper integra o debate acerca da diversidade de identidades de género a partir da análise das diferentes formas de representação visual dos corpos veiculadas em algumas das revistas de segmento masculino a circular em Portugal (Maxmen, FHM, Men’s Health e GQ). O trabalho começa por apresentar alguns dados indicativos do surgimento e evolução das vendas das revistas de segmento masculino em Portugal, bem como do perfil dos seus leitores. Posteriormente e a partir das imagens que integram estas publicações desenha-se, então, uma reflexão acerca das diferentes concepções de género associadas às revistas. This e-Working Paper incorporates a debate on the diversity of gender identities through the analysis of different ways of visually representing the body carried in some of the male magazines circulating in Portugal (Maxmen, FHM, Men’s Health and GQ). The work begins by presenting some data regarding the emergence and market evolution of male magazines in Portugal, as well as the reader’s profile. Therefore, through the diversity of images that integrate these publications, there will be a discussion on the different conceptions of gender.

Eastwards / westwards: which direction for gender studies in the 21st century?

Eastwards / Westwards: Which Direction for Gender Studies in the XXIst Century? is a collection of essays which focus on themes and methods that characterize current research into gender in Asian countries in general. In this collection, ideas derived from Gender Studies elsewhere in the world have been subjected to scrutiny for their utility in helping to describe and understand regional phenomena. But the concepts of Local and Global – with their discoursive productions – have not functioned as a binary opposition: localism and globalism are mutually constitutive and researchers have interrogated those spaces of interaction between the ‘self’ and the ‘other’, bearing in mind their own embeddedness in social and cultural structures and their own historical memory. Contributors to this collection provided a critical transnational perspective on some of the complex effects of the dynamics of cultural globalization, by exploring the relation between gender and development, language, historiography, education and culture. We have also given attention to the ideological and rhetorical processes through which gender identity is constructed, by comparing textual grids and patterns of expectation. Likewise, we have discussed the role of ethnography, anthropology, historiography, sociology, fiction, popular culture and colonial and post-colonial sources in (re)inventing old/new male/female identities, their conversion into concepts and circulation through time and space. This multicultural and trans-disciplinary selection of essays is totally written in English, fully edited and revised, therefore, it has a good potential for an immediate international circulation. This project may trace new paths and issues for discussion on what concerns the life, practices and narratives by and about women in Asia, as well as elsewhere in the present day global experience. Academic readership: Researchers, scholars, educators, graduate and post-graduate students, doctoral students and general non-fiction readers, with a special interest in Gender Studies, Asia, Colonial and Post-Colonial Literature, Anthropology, Cultural Studies, History, Historiography, Politics, Race, Feminism, Language, Linguistics, Power, Political and Feminist Agendas, Popular Culture, Education, Women’s Writing, Religion, Multiculturalism, Globalisation, Migration. Chapter summary: 1. “Social Gender Stereotypes and their Implication in Hindi”, Anjali Pande, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. This essay looks at the subtle ways in which gender identities are constructed and reinforced in India through social norms of language use. Language itself becomes a medium for perpetuating gender stereotypes, forcing its speakers to confirm to socially defined gender roles. Using examples from a classroom discussion about a film, this essay will highlight the underlying rigid male-female stereotypes in Indian society with their more obvious expressions in language. For the urban woman in India globalisation meant increased economic equality and exposure to changed lifestyles. On an individual level it also meant redefining gender relations and changing the hierarchy in man-­woman relationships. With the economic independence there is a heightened sense of liberation in all spheres of social life, a confidence to fuzz the rigid boundaries of gender roles. With the new films and media celebrating this liberated woman, who is ready to assert her sexual needs, who is ready to explode those long held notions of morality, one would expect that the changes are not just superficial. But as it soon became obvious in the course of a classroom discussion about relationships and stereotypes related to age, the surface changes can not become part of the common vocabulary, for the obvious reason that there is still a vast gap between the screen image of this new woman and the ground reality. Social considerations define the limits of this assertiveness of women, whereas men are happy to be liberal within the larger frame of social sanctions. The educated urban woman in India speaks in favour of change and the educated urban male supports her, but one just needs to scratch the surface to see the time tested formulae of gender roles firmly in place. The way the urban woman happily balances this emerging promise of independence with her gendered social identity, makes it necessary to rethink some aspects of looking at gender in a gradually changing, traditional society like India. 2. “The Linguistic Dimension of Gender Equality”, Alissa Tolstokorova, Kiev Centre for Gender Information and Education, Ukraine. The subject-matter of this essay is gender justice in language which, as I argue, may be achieved through the development of a gender-related approach to linguistic human rights. The last decades of the 20th century, globally marked by a “gender shift” in attitudes to language policy, gave impetus to the social movement for promoting linguistic gender equality. It was initiated in Western Europe and nowadays is moving eastwards, as ideas of gender democracy progress into developing countries. But, while in western societies gender discrimination through language, or linguistic sexism, was an issue of concern for over three decades, in developing countries efforts to promote gender justice in language are only in their infancy. My argument is that to promote gender justice in language internationally it is necessary to acknowledge the rights of women and men to equal representation of their gender in language and speech and, therefore, raise a question of linguistic rights of the sexes. My understanding is that the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights in 1996 provided this opportunity to address the problem of gender justice in language as a human rights issue, specifically as a gender dimension of linguistic human rights. 3. “The Rebirth of an Old Language: Issues of Gender Equality in Kazakhstan”, Maria Helena Guimarães, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal. The existing language situation in Kazakhstan, while peaceful, is not without some tension. We propose to analyze here some questions we consider relevant in the frame of cultural globalization and gender equality, such as: free from Russian imperialism, could Kazakhstan become an easy prey of Turkey’s “imperialist dream”? Could these traditionally Muslim people be soon facing the end of religious tolerance and gender equality, becoming this new old language an easy instrument for the infiltration in the country of fundamentalism (it has already crossed the boarders of Uzbekistan), leading to a gradual deterioration of its rich multicultural relations? The present structure of the language is still very fragile: there are three main dialects and many academics defend the re-introduction of the Latin alphabet, thus enlarging the possibility of cultural “contamination” by making the transmission of fundamentalist ideas still easier through neighbour countries like Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan (their languages belong to the same sub-group of Common Turkic), where the Latin alphabet is already in use, and where the ground for such ideas shown itself very fruitful. 4. “Construction of Womanhood in the Bengali Language of Bangladesh”, Raasheed Mahmood; University of New South Wales, Sydney. The present essay attempts to explore the role of gender-based language differences and of certain markers that reveal the status accorded to women in Bangladesh. Discrimination against women, in its various forms, is endemic in communities and countries around the world, cutting across class, race, age, and religious and national boundaries. One cannot understand the problems of gender discrimination solely by referring to the relationship of power or authority between men and women. Rather one needs to consider the problem by relating it to the specific social formation in which the image of masculinity and femininity is constructed and reconstructed. Following such line of reasoning this essay will examine the nature of gender bias in the Bengali language of Bangladesh, holding the conviction that as a product of social reality language reflects the socio-cultural behaviour of the community who speaks it. This essay will also attempt to shed some light on the processes through which gender based language differences produce actual consequences for women, who become exposed to low self-esteem, depression and systematic exclusion from public discourse. 5. “Marriage in China as an expression of a changing society”, Elisabetta Rosado David, University of Porto, Portugal, and Università Ca’Foscari, Venezia, Italy. In 29 April 2001, the new Marriage Law was promulgated in China. The first law on marriage was proclaimed in 1950 with the objective of freeing women from the feudal matrimonial system. With the second law, in 1981, values and conditions that had been distorted by the Cultural Revolution were recovered. Twenty years later, a new reform was started, intending to update marriage in the view of the social and cultural changes that occurred with Deng Xiaoping’s “open policy”. But the legal reform is only the starting point for this case-study. The rituals that are followed in the wedding ceremony are often hard to understand and very difficult to standardize, especially because China is a vast country, densely populated and characterized by several ethnic minorities. Two key words emerge from this issue: syncretism and continuity. On this basis, we can understand tradition in a better way, and analyse whether or not marriage, as every social manifestation, has evolved in harmony with Chinese culture. 6. “The Other Woman in the Portuguese Colonial Empire: The Case of Portuguese India”, Maria de Deus Manso, University of Évora, Portugal. This essay researches the social, cultural and symbolic history of local women in the Portuguese Indian colonial enclaves. The normative Portuguese overseas history has not paid any attention to the “indigenous” female populations in colonial Portuguese territories, albeit the large social importance of these social segments largely used in matrimonial and even catholic missionary strategies. The first attempt to open fresh windows in the history of this new field was the publication of Charles Boxer’s referential study about Women in lberian Overseas Expansion, edited in Portugal only after the Revolution of 1975. After this research we can only quote some other fragmentary efforts. In fact, research about the social, cultural, religious, political and symbolic situation of women in the Portuguese colonial territories, from the XVI to the XX century, is still a minor historiographic field. In this essay we discuss this problem and we study colonial representations of women in the Portuguese Indian enclaves, mainly in the territory of Goa, using case studies methodologies. 7. “Heading East this Time: Critical Readings on Gender in Southeast Asia”, Clara Sarmento, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal. This essay intends to discuss some critical readings of fictional and theoretical texts on gender condition in Southeast Asian countries. Nowadays, many texts about women in Southeast Asia apply concepts of power in unusual areas. Traditional forms of gender hegemony have been replaced by other powerful, if somewhat more covert, forms. We will discuss some universal values concerning conventional female roles as well as the strategies used to recognize women in political fields traditionally characterized by male dominance. Female empowerment will mean different things at different times in history, as a result of culture, local geography and individual circumstances. Empowerment needs to be perceived as an individual attitude, but it also has to be facilitated at the macro­level by society and the State. Gender is very much at the heart of all these dynamics, strongly related to specificities of historical, cultural, ethnic and class situatedness, requiring an interdisciplinary transnational approach.

João Romano Torres e Cia: hermenêutica social de uma editora

Em 29 de Outubro de 1885 era publicado o primeiro número d’O Recreio, Publicação Semanal, Litteraria e Charadistica, criado e dirigido por Ignacio Moreira. No número 26, de 9 de Agosto de 1886, na primeira página, sob o título “Expediente”, dá-se conta aos leitores e aos colaboradores que “d’este numero em deante toda a correspondencia deve ser dirigida a João Romano Torres, rua Nova de S. Mamede, aos Caldas, 26, 3.º - Lisboa” (p. 201). Para João Romano Torres, que acabara de adquirir a publicação, trata-se de um acto refundacional, que significará para o editor o início de um percurso editorial através do qual se dará origem a uma editora cuja actividade chegará ao último quartel do século seguinte, estabelecendo um catálogo que a tornou reconhecível e reconhecida no espaço do livro em Portugal. Desta editora se falará aqui apenas de um período situado entre o ano de 1885 e o fim da primeira década de 1900. ABSTRACT - On the 29th October 1885, the first issue of O Recreio, Publicação Semanal, Litteraria e Charadística (proposed English translation: The Playground, Weekly, Literary and Charades Publication) was published, created and headed by Ignacio Moreira. On the 26th issue, issued on the 9th August 1886, in the front page, under the headline “Dispatch”, it is imparted with readers and collaborators that “from this issue forward, all correspondence should be addressed to João Romano Torres, Nova de S. Mamede street, at Caldas, 26, 3rd - Lisbon” (p. 201). For João Romano Torres, who had just acquired the publication, this was a re-foundational act, which will represent for this publisher the beginning of a publishing trajectory through which a new publishing house will emerge, whose activity will reach the final quarter of the next century, establishing a catalogue which made it recognizable and recognized in the book field in Portugal. This publishing house will be addressed here regarding only the period spanning from the year 1885 to the end of the first decade of the 1900s.

O desenvolvimento da leitura em função de diferentes métodos

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa no âmbito do Mestrado em Ensino Especial

Intelligent power system

Artificial intelligence techniques are being widely used to face the new reality and to provide solutions that can make power systems undergo all the changes while assuring high quality power. In this way, the agents that act in the power industry are gaining access to a generation of more intelligent applications, making use of a wide set of AI techniques. Knowledge-based systems and decision-support systems have been applied in the power and energy industry. This article is intended to offer an updated overview of the application of artificial intelligence in power systems. This article paper is organized in a way so that readers can easily understand the problems and the adequacy of the proposed solutions. Because of space constraints, this approach can be neither complete nor sufficiently deep to satisfy all readers’ needs. As this is amultidisciplinary area, able to attract both software and computer engineering and power system people, this article tries to give an insight into themost important concepts involved in these applications. Complementary material can be found in the reference list, providing deeper and more specific approaches.

Ethical dilemmas in scientific publication: pitfalls and solutions for editors

Editors of scientific journals need to be conversant with the mechanisms by which scientific misconduct is amplified by publication practices. This paper provides definitions, ways to document the extent of the problem, and examples of editorial attempts to counter fraud. Fabrication, falsification, duplication, ghost authorship, gift authorship, lack of ethics approval, non-disclosure, 'salami' publication, conflicts of interest, auto-citation, duplicate submission, duplicate publications, and plagiarism are common problems. Editorial misconduct includes failure to observe due process, undue delay in reaching decisions and communicating these to authors, inappropriate review procedures, and confounding a journal's content with its advertising or promotional potential. Editors also can be admonished by their peers for failure to investigate suspected misconduct, failure to retract when indicated, and failure to abide voluntarily by the six main sources of relevant international guidelines on research, its reporting and editorial practice. Editors are in a good position to promulgate reasonable standards of practice, and can start by using consensus guidelines on publication ethics to state explicitly how their journals function. Reviewers, editors, authors and readers all then have a better chance to understand, and abide by, the rules of publishing.

Quality of scientific articles

The paper discusses the difficulties in judging the quality of scientific manuscripts and describes some common pitfalls that should be avoided when preparing a paper for submission to a peer-reviewed journal. Peer review is an imperfect system, with less than optimal reliability and uncertain validity. However, as it is likely that it will remain as the principal process of screening papers for publication, authors should avoid some common mistakes when preparing a report based on empirical findings of human research. Among these are: excessively long abstracts, extensive use of abbreviations, failure to report results of parsimonious data analyses, and misinterpretation of statistical associations identified in observational studies as causal. Another common problem in many manuscripts is their excessive length, which makes them more difficult to be evaluated or read by the intended readers, if published. The evaluation of papers after their publication with a view towards their inclusion in a systematic review is also discussed. The limitations of the impact factor as a criterion to judge the quality of a paper are reviewed.

Formar leitores no ensino básico: a mais-valia da implementação de um clube de leitura

Não nascemos leitores, nem tão pouco não leitores. Tornamo-nos leitores ou não, em função das experiências motivadoras ou das experiências desmotivadoras que vivemos, ao longo da nossa vida. Este artigo apresenta uma experiência de promoção leitora através da actividade do clube de leitura. Esta actividade foi realizada entre os anos de 2007-2008, com uma metodologia de investigação-acção, tendo sido implementada em quatro turmas do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e duas do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, representativas do universo de um agrupamento de escolas. Pretendia-se constatar em que medida os clubes de leitura potenciavam o desenvolvimento da competência literária e da literacia dos alunos envolvidos. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o clube de leitura permitiu um contacto mais dinâmico dos alunos com obras de literatura infantil e juvenil, potenciando a fruição leitora, a competência literária e um incremento nas actividades de natureza literácica

Mutations du roman français depuis les années quatre-vingt : le parcours de Jean Echenoz

Artigo também disponível no PROA-UA: plataforma de revistas em open access da universidade de aveiro com o URI http://revistas.ua.pt/index.php/Carnets/article/view/808/742.

Traduction et invasion culturelle : Jean Echenoz en portugais et José Saramago en français

La traduction est un moyen d'invasion culturelle dont le pouvoir est souvent sous-estimé. Elle permet, pourtant, l'introduction, dans une culture nationale, d'éléments appartenant à une culture étrangère. Ce pouvoir de la traduction est toutefois potentiel. Pour qu'il y ait effectivement invasion culturelle par le biais de la traduction, il faut la contribution des entités du pays envahisseur (les organismes qui font la promotion de la littérature à l’étranger) et de celles du pays envahi (maisons d'édition, traducteurs et lecteurs). Les traductions de Je m'en vais de Jean Echenoz et de História do cerco de Lisboa de José Saramago, en portugais et en français respectivement, fonctionneront comme le point de départ pour une réflexion sur le rôle de la traduction dans le rapport entre le Portugal et la France à l'époque contemporaine.

Imprensa regional desportiva: jornal Tribuna Desportiva e o sentimento de pertença à comunidade de abrangência

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.

A tragédia da consciência no conto de Machado de Assis

Neste ensaio, o conto O Caso da Vara de Machado de Assis é lido não só como uma história irónica, cuidadosamente estruturada, de conflitos internos versus acções reais, mas também como uma potencial peça dramática que partilha das características da tragédia clássica. As acções das personagens são vencidas pela torrente dos seus pensamentos, medos, crueldades e dramas, conduzindo a narrativa até um desfecho enigmático e sempre adiado. Tal como no drama clássico, n‘O Caso da Vara notamos a predilecção de Machado de Assis por situações universais que revelam a feição trágico-cómica dos comportamentos instituídos, num conto carregado de implicações morais que despertam o leitor para as grandes intenções e ainda maiores cobardias do ser humano.

A tributação dos fundos de investimento mobiliário em portugal na esfera dos participantes

Mestrado em Contabilidade

O álbum infantil: alguns critérios de seleção

A literatura para a infância e juventude desempenha um papel fundamental na formação de leitores autónomos, isto é, leitores que queiram ler por iniciativa própria e que gostem de o fazer. Lendo e ouvindo ler literatura para a infância desde muito cedo, a criança vai descobrindo a linguagem escrita, vai-se familiarizando com ela e vai sentindo vontade de querer aprender a ler. Por outro lado, o contacto precoce com a literatura para a infância constitui-se como um fator de desenvolvimento da criança a nível social, cultural, afetivo e linguístico. Destaca-se ainda a importância deste recurso no âmbito de uma educação para os valores numa sociedade que se quer mais humana e respeitadora dos direitos de todos e de cada um. O álbum ilustrado veicula valores através das suas componentes textual e icónica, possibilitando uma discussão enriquecedora sem ser moralista, uma discussão suficientemente descentrada da criança para que a mesma não se sinta avaliada e suficientemente próxima para que a criança se sinta envolvida. Nesta comunicação pretende-se:  caracterizar o álbum de literatura para a infância;  identificar critérios que devem presidir à escolha de álbuns que contribuam para o desenvolvimento da educação literária, para odesenvolvimento linguístico e para o alargamento de horizontes no que se refere ao conhecimento do mundo em geral.  apresentar alguns exemplos de álbuns que possibitem percursos enriquecedores de acordo com o que atrás se disse

Negritude e literatura de cordel: uma épica da interculturalidade ante o supranacional

Escrever é um dos mais poderosos instrumentos usados pela mídia para levar informações vitais. Nesse sentido, o efeito das “novas ideologias”, para valorização da identidade afro-brasileira, incidem diretamente sobre a produção literária como uma mensagem rigorosamente direcionada a um público menos especializado como receptor. O presente artigo discute a relação entre o gênero cordel e algumas das políticas culturais aplicadas no nordeste do Brasil. Tal estratégia vem comprovar não apenas o processo ativo de negociação entre os grupos subalternizados e os discursos dos poderes hegemônicos, mas também a reatualização do gênero literário do cordel, com o aparecimento de novos narradores e temáticas. Como se observa estes narradores estão plenamente conscientes dos seus papéis políticos ante a comunidade de que, fazem parte. Circulando em um espaço geográfico urbano, a produção não depende da condição econômica de seus leitores para sua aquisição, uma vez que sua distribuição centraliza-se na informação gratuita. Ao contrário da literatura “tradicional”, o real e o verossímil possuem objetivos definidos como informar e ensinar o destinatário sobre a nova lei em vigor. Nesse caso, a literatura cumpre de imediato um de seus papéis clássicos, o de ser útil, revestindo-se de funções igualmente nobres, provocando a “catarse social” de indivíduos pela aquisição de um saber inerente `a sua condição de cidadão.