Os benefícios e as dificuldades na certificação da qualidade: Norma NP EN ISO 9001:2008

Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Assessoria de Administração

Autopercepção de vulnerabilidade às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e Aids em mulheres

OBJETIVO: Investigar comportamentos de risco e autopercepção de vulnerabilidade às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) e à Síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids) em mulheres. MÉTODOS: Dos 281 setores censitários existentes na cidade de Pelotas, RS, foram selecionados 48 a partir de amostragem sistemática. Foi entrevistada uma amostra de 1.543 mulheres, de 15 a 49 anos, por meio de questionário composto de três partes (informações socioeconômicas, perguntas aplicadas em entrevista, questionário auto-aplicado). Para tabulação dos dados, foi utilizado o programa Epi-Info, versão 6.0. Para análise estatística dos dados foram usados o teste de Kappa e a razão de odds. RESULTADOS: Na amostra, 64% das mulheres achavam impossível ou quase impossível adquirir DST/Aids. Os principais comportamentos de risco foram o não uso de preservativo na última relação antes do depoimento (72%); início das relações sexuais com menos de 18 anos (47%); uso de álcool ou drogas pelo parceiro (14%) ou pela mulher (7%) antes da última relação; dois ou mais parceiros nos três meses que antecederam o depoimento (7%) e sexo anal na última relação (3%); 44% das mulheres apresentaram dois ou mais comportamentos de risco. A sensibilidade da autopercepção, usando como padrão o escore de risco igual ou superior a dois, foi de 41 %. Sua especificidade de 67%. CONCLUSÕES: A autopercepção de vulnerabilidade não é um bom indicador, pois as mulheres não identificam corretamente seu nível de risco.

As 'conversas informais' extraprocessuais como meio de prova em processo penal

In the present thesis, we examine the approach to the so-called “informal conversations”, especially between a suspect or defendant and criminal police authorities. Our goal is to understand if criminal police authorities are allowed to testify about the content of these conversations, revealing facts that the suspect or defendant may have shared with them, as well as about evidence that they may have acquired through these statements. Firstly, we briefly present the notion of “informal conversations” and the great variety of situations they may encompass: intra or extra-procedural; prior or subsequent to someone acquires the status of defendant. Secondly, we analyse some of the principles and rules that are involved in this controversial issue: principles concerning the procedural structure, organization and dynamic; principles concerning the production and assessment of evidence in the trial hearing; principles concerning the prosecution and the powers of criminal police authorities; the procedural status of the defendant; the rules concerning the reading of statements in the trial hearing; the rules concerning hearsay testimonies. Thirdly, we go through the great amount of case law on the so-called “informal conversations” and related matters, analysing the most relevant cases and the arguments that sustain them, as well as the legal literature. Our goal is to understand the evolution, throughout the last two decades, of the different opinions regarding the approach to the various situations in which “informal conversations” may occur and in which the admissibility of a testimony by criminal police authorities is questioned. Finally, we defend a different approach for testimonies by criminal police authorities prior and subsequent to someone acquiring the status of defendant. We see the moment when someone acquires the status of defendant as a border area in the admissibility of “informal conversations”, because from then on the statements have to be collected and assessed according to the law, so all the other conversations (or any other evidence) collected informally are irrelevant. As to the specific case of the testimony about the re-enactment of the crime, given the high degree of difficulty in separating the defendant’s contributions that may be considered essential and those that may be considered less useful, but still relevant, we support the qualification of the defendant’s contributions as inseparable from the re-enactment, allowing it to be replicated and assessed in the trial hearing with no restrictions.

A intervenção dos orgãos de polícia criminal em sede de julgamento

Currently, Portugal assumes itself as a democratic rule of substantive law State, sustained by a legal system seeking the right balance between the guarantee of fundamental rights and freedoms constitutional foreseen in Portugal’s Fundamental Law and criminal persecution. The architecture of the penal code lies with, roughly speaking, a accusatory basic structure, “deliberately attached to one of the most remarkable achievements of the civilizational democratic progress, and by obedience to the constitutional commandment”, in balance with the official investigation principle, valid both for the purpose of prosecution and trial. Regarding the principle of non self-incrimination - nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare, briefly defined as the defendant’s right of not being obliged to contribute to the self-incrimination, it should be stressed that there isn’t an explicit consecration in the Portuguese Constitution, being commonly accepted in an implicit constitutional prediction and deriving from other constitutional rights and principles, first and foremost, the meaning and scope of the concept of democratic rule of Law State, embedded in the Fundamental Law, and in the guidelines of the constitutional principles of human person dignity, freedom of action and the presumption of innocence. In any case, about the (in) applicability of the principle of the prohibition of self-incrimination to the Criminal Police Bodies in the trial hearing in Court, and sharing an idea of Guedes Valente, the truth is that the exercise of criminal action must tread a transparent path and non-compliant with methods to obtain evidence that violate the law, the public order or in violation of democratic principles and loyalty (Guedes Valente, 2013, p. 484). Within the framework of the penal process relating to the trial, which is assumed as the true phase of the process, the witness represents a relevant figure for the administration of criminal justice, for the testimonial proof is, in the idea of Othmar Jauernig, the worst proof of evidence, but also being the most frequent (Jauernig, 1998, p. 289). As coadjutant of the Public Prosecutor and, in specific cases, the investigating judge, the Criminal Police Bodies are invested with high responsibility, being "the arms and eyes of Judicial Authorities in pursuing the criminal investigation..." which has as ultimate goal the fulfillment of the Law pursuing the defense of society" (Guedes Valente, 2013, p. 485). It is in this context and as a witness that, throughout operational career, the Criminal Police Bodies are required to be at the trial hearing and clarify the Court with its view about the facts relating to occurrences of criminal context, thus contributing very significantly and, in some cases, decisively for the proper administration of the portuguese criminal justice. With regards to the intervention of Criminal Police Bodies in the trial hearing in Court, it’s important that they pay attention to a set of standards concerning the preparation of the testimony, the very provision of the testimony and, also, to its conclusion. Be emphasized that these guidelines may become crucial for the quality of the police testimony at the trial hearing, thus leading to an improvement of the enforcement of justice system. In this vein, while preparing the testimony, the Criminal Police Bodies must present itself in court with proper clothing, to read before and carefully the case files, to debate the facts being judged with other Criminal Police Bodies and prepare potential questions. Later, while giving his testimony during the trial, the Criminal Police Bodies must, summing up, to take the oath in a convincing manner, to feel comfortable, to start well by convincingly answering the first question, keep an attitude of serenity, to adopt an attitude of collaboration, to avoid the reading of documents, to demonstrate deference and seriousness before the judicial operators, to use simple and objective language, to adopt a fluent speech, to use nonverbal language correctly, to avoid spontaneity responding only to what is asked, to report only the truth, to avoid hesitations and contradictions, to be impartial and to maintain eye contact with the judge. Finally, at the conclusion of the testimony, the Criminal Police Bodies should rise in a smooth manner, avoiding to show relief, resentment or satisfaction, leaving a credible and professional image and, without much formality, requesting the judge permission to leave the courtroom. As final note, it’s important to stress that "The intervention of the Police Criminal Bodies in the trial hearing in Court” encloses itself on a theme of crucial importance not only for members of the Police and Security Forces, who must welcome this subject with the utmost seriousness and professionalism, but also for the proper administration of the criminal justice system in Portugal.

Da prova: na atuação policial e no âmbito da infração tributária

Relatório de atividade profissional de mestrado em Direito Judiciário

Nexos entre Enfermagem, Nutrição e Serviço Social, profissões femininas pioneiras na área da Saúde

Estudo histórico-social sobre a emergência das profissões de nutricionista e de assistente social, entre os anos 30 e meados do século 20. O trabalho trata das circunstâncias do surgimento dos cursos de nutrição e de serviço social no interior da Escola Anna Nery/UFRJ, e compara as funções desempenhadas por enfermeiras, nutricionistas e assistentes sociais à época. As fontes primárias de pesquisa encontram-se no Centro de Documentação da Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/UFRJ e incluem documentos escritos e depoimento oral. As fontes secundárias foram artigos, livros e teses. A análise de textos e documentos evidenciou que a Escola teve papel decisivo na emergência dessas novas profissões, que vieram contribuir para uma melhor organização e funcionamento dos serviços de saúde e para a prestação de uma assistência mais completa à clientela. Ao mesmo tempo, sua característica feminina veio, ainda, favorecer a inserção de mulheres no mercado de trabalho qualificado na área da saúde.

Ser mulher portadora do HPV: uma abordagem cultural

Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar o nível de conhecimento das mulheres sobre o HPV, para, a partir daí, identificar crenças, mitos e tabus sobre a doença e analisar a influência destes elementos culturais no comportamento da mulher. Realizamos um estudo baseado nos pressupostos da teoria do cuidado transcultural. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir do depoimento de quinze mulheres que realizavam tratamento para HPV. Através da investigação, foi possível perceber que, apesar das inúmeras fontes de informação sobre DST, o HPV ainda é uma doença desconhecida e cercada de mistério. Este desconhecimento, interagindo com fatores culturais, favorece o desenvolvimento de conceitos equivocados, tais como crenças e mitos.