Antibacterial activity of four glass ionomer cements used in atraumatic restorative treatment

The in vitro antibacterial activity of four glass ionomer cements ( Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, Vidrion R and Vitromolar) indicated for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment ( ART) was studied against strains of bacteria involved in the development of oral diseases, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces viscosus. The agar plate diffusion test was used for the cultures, which included chlorhexidine as a positive control. The results demonstrated that all the cements evaluated presented antibacterial activity. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Fuji IX and Ketac Molar presented the most effective antibacterial activity considering the ART approach.

Social and financial aspects of the artisanal fisheries of Middle Sao Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The presence or absence of motorized boats, partnerships and multispecies catches characterize the fisheries of Sao Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fishing activity based on 109 interviews, carried out in the wet (high water: February and March) and dry (low water: July and August) seasons, with professional fishermen are described. Aiming to identify the fishery income components, a covariance model was proposed, with the income as the response variable, related to the factors: fishing ground, use of motorized or paddle boat; seasonality; presence of fishing assistant, and the following covariates: capture in weight in the week Frier to the interview, fisherman experience in yrs; and distance (km) travelled for fishing. The results indicated that the main contributions to income were the absence of an engine (because of high price of the fuel), the absence of a partner (because of low capture) and the amount of fish caught by the fishermen.

Cooperación ambiental en el NAFTA y perspectivas para el DR-CAFTA

Incluye Bibliografía

Utilização do custeio baseado em atividades em centro de material e esterilização como ferramenta gerencial

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

A atividade pesqueira nas ilhas do entorno de Belém

O Estuário Amazônico é uma região com condições propícias de produtividade, tornando a área favorável a pesca. As ilhas do Combu, Ilha das Onças e Mosqueiro, alvo deste estudo, fazem parte do Estuário Amazônico e a pesca é uma atividade praticada constantemente pelos moradores dessas ilhas. Baseando-se nessas informações, o objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever e comparar as diferentes modalidades de pesca das ilhas do Combu, Ilha das Onças e Mosqueiro, identificando os atributos que mais contribuem para a formação dos sistemas de produção, para o posterior acompanhamento das pescarias nas ilhas do entorno de Belém, considerando as dimensões econômica, social, ecológica e tecnológica. Deste modo espera-se auxiliar a geração de subsídios para a formulação de políticas públicas para o setor pesqueiro. Variáveis descritivas e numéricas considerando as diferentes dimensões foram utilizadas com a finalidade de descrever os sistemas de produção pesqueira de forma que tornassem comparativos tanto os sistemas quanto as ilhas estudadas. Para a análise estatística comparativa foram utilizadas apenas as variáveis numéricas (médias e porcentagens), provenientes tanto de dados coletados em campo quanto da pesquisa em dados secundários. Análise multivariada de agrupamento e ordenação (MDS), comparando os sistemas foi aplicada visando identificar os agrupamentos e as possíveis causas da semelhança entre os sistemas de pesca por ilha. Na ilha do Combu foram identificados os sistemas de matapi, emalhe consumo, tapagem, espinhel anzol médio e espinhel anzol grande. Na ilha das Onças foram observados os sistemas de matapi, emalhe consumo, emalhe comercial, tapagem, espinhel anzol médio e espinhel anzol grande. Em Mosqueiro identificou-se a pesca de matapi, emalhe comercial, espinhel anzol médio e espinhel anzol grande. As análises dos sistemas em todas as dimensões mostraram que a ilha de Mosqueiro se diferencia das demais ilhas estudadas. Quando analisadas por dimensão separadamente o sistema matapi, tapagem e emalhe consumo das ilhas do Combu e Ilha das Onças se mostraram muito similares. Entretanto os sistemas observados em Mosqueiro se diferenciam principalmente na dimensão econômica. Com base nos resultados observados pode-se afirmar que a pesca nas ilhas do Combu e Ilha das Onças é de subsistência e a atividade principal é o extrativismo vegetal enquanto em Mosqueiro a pesca caracteriza-se principalmente como comercial. Apesar da pesca nas ilhas do Combu e Ilha das Onças servirem apenas para subsistência representam importante fonte de alimento e renda extra para os moradores. Em Mosqueiro a pesca tem importância econômica elevada, porém as áreas de pesca são exploradas também por pescadores de outros locais do Estado sem que existam iniciativas de manejo por parte dos governantes.

Diabete e gravidez: estudo prospectivo do custo benefício da hospilização comparado com atenção ambulatorial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of the relationship between particle size, inter-particle distance, and metal loading of carbon supported fuel cell catalysts on their catalytic activity

The effect of the relationship between particle size (d), inter-particle distance (x(i)), and metal loading (y) of carbon supported fuel cell Pt or PtRu catalysts on their catalytic activity, based on the optimum d (2.5-3 nm) and x(i)/d (>5) values, was evaluated. It was found that for y < 30 wt%, the optimum values of both d and x(i)/d can be always obtained. For y >= 30 wt%, instead, the positive effect of a thinner catalyst layer of the fuel cell electrode than that using catalysts with y < 30 wt% is concomitant to a decrease of the effective catalyst surface area due to an increase of d and/or a decrease of x(i)/d compared to their optimum values, with in turns gives rise to a decrease in the catalytic activity. The effect of the x(i)/d ratio has been successfully verified by experimental results on ethanol oxidation on PtRu/C catalysts with same particle size and same degree of alloying but different metal loading. Tests in direct ethanol fuel cells showed that, compared to 20 wt% PtRu/C, the negative effect of the lower x(i)/d on the catalytic activity of 30 and 40 wt% PtRu/C catalysts was superior to the positive effect of the thinner catalyst layer.

Monocyte Chemoattractant-1 as a Urinary Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Activity of Lupus Nephritis in Brazilian Patients

Objective. Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN), has recently been indicated as a new biomarker of kidney activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was to assess urinary MCP-1 (uMCP-1) as a biomarker of renal activity in patients with SLE and to compare it to other disease activity markers, using the ELISA. Methods. Seventy-five female Brazilian patients with SLE and a control group participated in our study. Patients with SLE were distributed among 3 groups according to kidney involvement and classified according to disease activity based on clinical and laboratory measures such as urinary sediment, proteinuria, kidney function, C3, C4, anti-dsDNA, disease activity index, and renal SLE disease activity index. The serum and uMCP-1 concentrations were measured by sandwich ELISA. Results. In the A-LN group (active lupus nephritis: SLE with kidney involvement), the concentration of uMCP-1 was significantly higher than in other groups. A cutoff point was established using the results of the control group to apply this test in the detection of LN. A-LN had a higher frequency of positive results for uMCP-1 in comparison to the other groups (p < 0.001). To detect disease activity in patients with LN, a new cutoff was determined based on the results of patients with SLE with kidney involvement. Setting specificity at 90%, the sensitivity of the test was 50%. Conclusion. The high specificity makes uMCP-1 a useful test as a predictor of kidney activity in SLE, especially when associated to other measures used in clinical practice. (First Release Sept 1 2012; J Rheumatol 2012;39:1948-54; doi :10.3899/jrheum.110201)

Systematic counselling by general practitioners for promoting physical activity in elderly patients: a feasibility study

RESEARCH QUESTIONS: To investigate how the daily physical activities of elderly patients can be enhanced by systematic counselling conducted by general practitioners (GPs). METHODS: In this feasibility study with pre-post design, 29 people (14 females, mean age 72.2 years, SD = 6.1) were enrolled during routine visits by two general practitioners. A baseline assessment of current physical activity based on the stages according to the Transtheoretical Model was followed by a counselling session. The target behaviour was defined by performance of 30 minutes of daily moderate-intensity activities that increase the breathing rate, on five days per week. At the 2-month follow-up, subjects were assessed for improvement in stage of physical activity since baseline. After the end of the intervention, participating GPs and patients were asked questions focusing on the feasibility, acceptance and usefulness of counselling. RESULTS: Interview results showed that the two GPs considered the counselling protocol easy to handle and useful for promoting physical activity. Counselling sessions were especially encouraging for the not sufficiently active people. Most of them would like to have additional counselling session. At baseline, 9 of 29 people were sufficiently active. After 2 months, this proportion was 21 of 29. The mean of the number of minutes of physical activity during the previous 4 weeks increased from 247 to 436 minutes (weekly). CONCLUSIONS: The programme was judged positively by the general practitioners and the participating elderly patients. Systematic counselling by general practitioners led to an increase in the physical activity behaviour. Therefore, a more rigorous randomised controlled trial with adequate followup is recommended.

How the Entrepreneurial Top Management Team Setup Influences Firm Performance and the Ability to Raise Capital: A Literature Review

This paper reviews research findings on entrepreneurial top management teams within the last 20 years. It concentrates on team-based management factors and their influence on a new venture’s growth and ability to raise capital. This paper integrates recent findings and provides an overview of the current state of research. Moreover, it contributes to the overall topic by proposing five clusters of major team-specific influences, derives determinants of success and failure, and reveals recommendations for further research.

Physical Activity in Latino Children: Research and Its Implications

Childhood obesity affects children across all ages and genders. However, Latino children and adolescents are at an increased risk, with one out of three Latino children (ages 2-19) being classified as overweight. Physical inactivity is deemed a major factor contributing to the energy imbalance that leads to excess adiposity. The aims of this study are twofold: 1) to present relevant research regarding Latino children’s physical patterns, influences on their physical activity, and interventions designed to promote physical activity and fitness in this population; and 2) to discuss implications derived from this research to help health educators, practitioners, and policy makers increase awareness, and to motivate and enable Latino children to adopt an active lifestyle. Research reveals that Latino children and adolescents are consistently less active than their white counterparts. Latino girls are, in particular, at an increased risk for inactivity. Few studies have investigated the factors that contribute to low levels of physical activity among Latino children. Moreover, few physical activity interventions have involved Latino children. Some of our recent research studies have filled some gaps, including providing information on what physical activities Latino children like, what they intend to do, what they are actually doing, and where and when they do physical activity. Based on our research and review of related literature, we made specific physical activity recommendations for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. These individual points should be applied and integrated within a broad framework and used in combinations to develop multi-component, coordinated approaches to enhancing physical activity among Latino youth.

Major Challenges in Clinical Management of TB/HIV Coinfected Patients in Eastern Europe Compared with Western Europe and Latin America.

OBJECTIVES Rates of TB/HIV coinfection and multi-drug resistant (MDR)-TB are increasing in Eastern Europe (EE). We aimed to study clinical characteristics, factors associated with MDR-TB and predicted activity of empiric anti-TB treatment at time of TB diagnosis among TB/HIV coinfected patients in EE, Western Europe (WE) and Latin America (LA). DESIGN AND METHODS Between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013, 1413 TB/HIV patients (62 clinics in 19 countries in EE, WE, Southern Europe (SE), and LA) were enrolled. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between EE (N = 844), WE (N = 152), SE (N = 164), and LA (N = 253) in the proportion of patients with a definite TB diagnosis (47%, 71%, 72% and 40%, p<0.0001), MDR-TB (40%, 5%, 3% and 15%, p<0.0001), and use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (17%, 40%, 44% and 35%, p<0.0001). Injecting drug use (adjusted OR (aOR) = 2.03 (95% CI 1.00-4.09), prior anti-TB treatment (3.42 (1.88-6.22)), and living in EE (7.19 (3.28-15.78)) were associated with MDR-TB. Among 585 patients with drug susceptibility test (DST) results, the empiric (i.e. without knowledge of the DST results) anti-TB treatment included ≥3 active drugs in 66% of participants in EE compared with 90-96% in other regions (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In EE, TB/HIV patients were less likely to receive a definite TB diagnosis, more likely to house MDR-TB and commonly received empiric anti-TB treatment with reduced activity. Improved management of TB/HIV patients in EE requires better access to TB diagnostics including DSTs, empiric anti-TB therapy directed at both susceptible and MDR-TB, and more widespread use of cART.

Cultura, identidad y territorio : Reflexiones para el desarrollo de una estrategia de diferenciación del servicio agroturístico en emprendimientos de un Grupo de Cambio Rural (INTA) del partido de Coronel Suárez (Buenos Aires)

A partir de los conceptos convergentes identidad, cultura, patrimonio y territorio, se plantea analizar la posibilidad de formular e implementar una estrategia de diferenciación para la actividad de agroturismo desarrollada por los establecimientos del grupo Cortaderas II (Cambio Rural, INTA), en el partido de Coronel Suárez (BA), provincia de Buenos Aires. Con este fin, se ha efectuado un diagnóstico mediante entrevistas directas y observaciones in situ de los emprendimientos participantes. Destacando aspectos propios de su ambiente rural, se procuró identificar valores culturales y productos con anclaje territorial que impongan un sello distintivo al servicio turístico que ofrecen. Complementariamente, se indagó en qué medida los integrantes están preparados para gestionar el negocio, reconociendo en ellos competencias gerenciales y características emprendedoras. Por último, se reflexiona acerca del grado de madurez alcanzado, tipificando la cultura empresarial individual y según el trabajo grupal, de modo de evaluar si la puesta en valor de sus recursos evoluciona desde un "carácter doméstico" hasta llegar a un "carácter comercial formal". Se observa la construcción de una identidad de índole socio-cultural-económica que hace viable una estrategia competitiva diferencial con anclaje en el territorio, así como condiciones para el desarrollo de una actividad turística más formalizada basada en la gestión de calidad

Cultura, identidad y territorio : Reflexiones para el desarrollo de una estrategia de diferenciación del servicio agroturístico en emprendimientos de un Grupo de Cambio Rural (INTA) del partido de Coronel Suárez (Buenos Aires)

A partir de los conceptos convergentes identidad, cultura, patrimonio y territorio, se plantea analizar la posibilidad de formular e implementar una estrategia de diferenciación para la actividad de agroturismo desarrollada por los establecimientos del grupo Cortaderas II (Cambio Rural, INTA), en el partido de Coronel Suárez (BA), provincia de Buenos Aires. Con este fin, se ha efectuado un diagnóstico mediante entrevistas directas y observaciones in situ de los emprendimientos participantes. Destacando aspectos propios de su ambiente rural, se procuró identificar valores culturales y productos con anclaje territorial que impongan un sello distintivo al servicio turístico que ofrecen. Complementariamente, se indagó en qué medida los integrantes están preparados para gestionar el negocio, reconociendo en ellos competencias gerenciales y características emprendedoras. Por último, se reflexiona acerca del grado de madurez alcanzado, tipificando la cultura empresarial individual y según el trabajo grupal, de modo de evaluar si la puesta en valor de sus recursos evoluciona desde un "carácter doméstico" hasta llegar a un "carácter comercial formal". Se observa la construcción de una identidad de índole socio-cultural-económica que hace viable una estrategia competitiva diferencial con anclaje en el territorio, así como condiciones para el desarrollo de una actividad turística más formalizada basada en la gestión de calidad

Cultura, identidad y territorio : Reflexiones para el desarrollo de una estrategia de diferenciación del servicio agroturístico en emprendimientos de un Grupo de Cambio Rural (INTA) del partido de Coronel Suárez (Buenos Aires)

A partir de los conceptos convergentes identidad, cultura, patrimonio y territorio, se plantea analizar la posibilidad de formular e implementar una estrategia de diferenciación para la actividad de agroturismo desarrollada por los establecimientos del grupo Cortaderas II (Cambio Rural, INTA), en el partido de Coronel Suárez (BA), provincia de Buenos Aires. Con este fin, se ha efectuado un diagnóstico mediante entrevistas directas y observaciones in situ de los emprendimientos participantes. Destacando aspectos propios de su ambiente rural, se procuró identificar valores culturales y productos con anclaje territorial que impongan un sello distintivo al servicio turístico que ofrecen. Complementariamente, se indagó en qué medida los integrantes están preparados para gestionar el negocio, reconociendo en ellos competencias gerenciales y características emprendedoras. Por último, se reflexiona acerca del grado de madurez alcanzado, tipificando la cultura empresarial individual y según el trabajo grupal, de modo de evaluar si la puesta en valor de sus recursos evoluciona desde un "carácter doméstico" hasta llegar a un "carácter comercial formal". Se observa la construcción de una identidad de índole socio-cultural-económica que hace viable una estrategia competitiva diferencial con anclaje en el territorio, así como condiciones para el desarrollo de una actividad turística más formalizada basada en la gestión de calidad