Potentiation of the bioavailability of daidzin by an extract of Radix puerariae.

The dose effect of pure daidzin on the suppression of ethanol intake in Syrian golden hamsters was compared with that of crude daidzin contained in a methanol extract of Radix puerariae (RP). EC50 values estimated from the graded dose-response curves for pure daidzin and RP extract daidzin are 23 and 2.3 mg per hamster per day, respectively. Apparently the antidipsotropic activity of the RP extract cannot be accounted for solely by its daidzin content (22 mg/g). In addition to daidzin, six other isoflavones were identified in the RP extract and quantified--namely, puerarin (160 mg per g of extract), genistin (3.7 mg/g), daidzein (2.6 mg/g), daidzein-4',7-diglucoside (1.2 mg/g), genistein (0.2 mg/g), and formononetin (0.16 mg/g). None of these, administered either alone or combined, contributes in any significant way to the antidipsotropic activity of the extract. Plasma daidzin concentration-time curves determined in hamsters administered various doses of pure daidzin or RP extract by i.p.injection indicate that the crude extract daidzin has approximately 10 times greater bioavailability than the pure compound. Reconstruction of the dose-response effects for pure and crude daidzin using bioavailable daidzin rather than administered dose gives a single curve. Synthetic daidzin added to the RP extract acquires the bioavailability of the endogenous daidzin that exists naturally in the extract. These results show that (i) daidzin is the major active principle in methanol extracts of RP, and (ii) additional constituents in the methanol extract of RP assist uptake of daidzin in golden hamsters.

County of Surrey, Jamaica, 1763 (Image 2 of 4) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: This map of the county of Surry in the island of Jamaica; laid down from the papers and under the direction of Henry Moore, Esqr., His Majesty's Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief of that island, in the years 1756, 57, 58, 59, 60 & 61, & from a great number of actual surveys performed by the publishers is humbly inscribed, by his most obedient and humble servants, Thos. Craskell, engineer, Jas. Simpson, surveyor. It was published by D. Fournier in 1763. The layer is image 2 of 4 total images of the four sheet map, representing the southeast portion of the map. Scale ca. 1:100,000. Covers County of Surrey, Jamaica. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Jamaica Grid projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, cities and other human settlements, parish boundaries, shoreline features, plantations, and more. Includes also illustrations.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

World Map Showing the Voyages of the Vettor Pisani, 1882-1885 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Viaggio della R[a] Corvetta 'Vettor Pisani', negli anni 1882-1883-1884-1885 (comandante G. Palumbo). It was published by Stab. Lit. Bruno e Salomone in 1885. Scale [ca. 1:250,500]. World map showing the voyages of the Vettor Pisani. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to a non-standard 'Mercator' projection with the central meridian at 160 degrees east. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, ship route with dates, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Quebec, Canada, 1694 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Quebec : ville de l'Amerique septentrional dans la Nouvelle France avec titre d'evehé situe [sic] sur le fleuve de St. Laurent a 310 degrez 17 min. de la longitudes et 46 degrez 55 min. de latitudes : elle fut assiegéé [sic] par les Anglois les Francois [sic] par qui elle est encore possedéé [sic] l'an 1670 depuis le 16 Octobre jusqu 'au [sic] 22 du meme mois, monsieur de Frontenac etant pour lors gouverneur du pais, qui leur fit honeteusement lever le siege. Scale [ca. 1:24,000]. Map in French. Manuscript copy after Fer's Quebec map of 1694, engraved by H.v.Loon. Unknown copy date. Made for Francis Parkman. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 19N NAD 1983 coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, selected buildings with names of landowners, fortification, ground cover, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes index. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Rhode Island, 1795 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: A map of the state of Rhode Island, taken mainly from surveys by Caleb Harris ; Harding Harris, delineavt. ; Saml. Hill, sculpt. It was published in 1795 by Carter & Wilkinson. Scale [ca. 1:160,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Rhode Island State Plane Coordinate System (Feet) (FIPS 3800). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, county and town boundaries and more. Relief shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Connecticut, 1811 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Connecticut : from actual survey, made in 1811 by and under the direction of Moses Warren and George Gillet, and by them compiled. It was published in 1813 by Hudson & Goodwin. Scale [1:160,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Connecticut State Plane Coordinate System (Feet) (FIPS 0600). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, county and town boundaries, public buildings, mills, factories, mines, and more. Relief shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Post Route Map of New York, 1871 (Image 1 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Post route map of the state of New York : and parts of Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, showing also the adjacent portions of the dominion of Canada, designed and constructed under the orders of Postmaster General, Alex. W. Randall, and second asst. Postmaster General, Geo. Wm. McLellan, by W.L. Nicholson, topographer of P.O. Dept. It was published by U.S. Post Office Dept. in 1868. Ink notation: "The service on this diagram brought up to date of Jan. 1st, 1871." Scale [1:380,160]. This layer is image 1 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18N NAD83 projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, postal routes (with delivery schedule frequency and distances), drainage, cities and towns, counties, and more. Includes insets: Postal service of Long Island with the principal mail connections of the city of New York. Scale [1:380,160] -- [Parts of the provinces of Québec and Ontario bordering New York and Vermont]. Includes tables of distances and statistics. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Post Route Map of New York, 1871 (Image 2 of 2) (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Post route map of the state of New York : and parts of Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, showing also the adjacent portions of the dominion of Canada, designed and constructed under the orders of Postmaster General, Alex. W. Randall, and second asst. Postmaster General, Geo. Wm. McLellan, by W.L. Nicholson, topographer of P.O. Dept. It was published by U.S. Post Office Dept. in 1868. Ink notation: "The service on this diagram brought up to date of Jan. 1st, 1871." Scale [1:380,160]. This layer is image 2 of 2 total images of the two sheet source map. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18N NAD83 projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, postal routes (with delivery schedule frequency and distances), drainage, cities and towns, counties, and more. Includes insets: Postal service of Long Island with the principal mail connections of the city of New York. Scale [1:380,160] -- [Parts of the provinces of Québec and Ontario bordering New York and Vermont]. Includes tables of distances and statistics. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

London, England and vicinity, 1890 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Environs of London. It was published by W.H. Smith & Son ca. 1890. Scale [1:63,360]. Covers London and portions of the counties of Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Surrey, and Berkshire. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the British National Grid coordinate system (British National Grid, Airy Spheroid OSGB (1936) Datum). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, ground cover, built-up areas, selected buildings, parks, cemeteries, towns, villlages, union and county boundaries, and more. Relief is shown by hachures. Includes legend. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Valorização da flora de Cusseque e Caiúndo no centro e sul de Angola e avaliação da biomassa lenhosa utilizada para combustível e construção

Tese de mestrado em Biologia da Conservação, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

EVALUATION OF COLOUR AND TEXTURE OF A PORTUGUESE TRADITIONAL SWEET: “EGG CHESTNUT”

This work aimed to evaluate the colour and texture of a Portuguese traditional sweet “egg chestnuts” along a storage period of 12 days under refrigeration. For this, the colour coordinates were measured through a colorimeter and the textural parameters were evaluated by compression and puncture tests using a textutrometer. The results showed that the colour coordinates do not vary along time, corresponding to very low values of total colour difference. Hardness, chewiness and springiness decreased in the first 3 days but after that the values were maintained approximately constant. In contrast, resilience and cohesiveness did not change along time. While crust firmness increased along storage, both the flesh firmness and stickiness did not change. The adhesiveness measured through the penetration test decreased considerably from the first to the last day. Hence, it was concluded that colour is better preserved than texture along a 12 day storage period under refrigeration.

(Table A1) Uranium and Thorium determination from IODP Site 310-M0007B

The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 310 recovered drill cores from the drowned reefs around the island of Tahiti (17°40'S, 149°30'W), many of which contained samples of massive corals from the genus Porites. Herein we report on one well-preserved fossil coral sample: a 13.6 cm long Porites sp. dated by uranium series techniques at 9523 ± 33 years. Monthly delta18O and Sr/Ca determinations reveal nine clear and robust annual cycles. Coral delta18O and Sr/Ca determinations estimate a mean temperature of ca. 24.3°C (ca. 3.2°C colder than modern) for Tahiti at 9.5 ka; however, this estimate is viewed with caution since potential sources of cold bias in coral geochemistry remain to be resolved. The interannual variability in coral delta18O is similar between the 9.5 ka coral record and a modern record from nearby Moorea. The seasonal cycle in coral Sr/Ca is approximately the same or greater in the 9.5 ka coral record than in modern coral records from Tahiti. Paired analysis of coral delta18O and Sr/Ca indicates cold/wet (warm/dry) interannual anomalies, opposite from those observed in the modern instrumental record.

(Table 1) Paleomagnetic properties of specimens from DSDP Holes 69-504B and 70-504B

Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic measurements of basalt specimens from DSDP Hole 504B, associated with the Costa Rica Rift, have a mean natural remanence intensity (Jn) between 5 and 10 x 10**-3 gauss, consistent with the presence of a magnetized layer that is 0.5 to 1 km thick, which produces the observed magnetic anomalies. A mean Koenigsberger ratio (Qn) greater than 10 indicates that the remanence dominates the magnetic signal of the drilled section. The susceptibility (x) increases with depth, and the median demagnetizing field (MDF) decreases with increasing depth in Hole 504B, congruent with the downhole increase in the relative abundance of massive flow units. Hole 504B is composed of at least 12 units with distinct stable average inclinations (Is), which probably represent extrusion at times of different geomagnetic field directions and possibly also the effects of faulting. The thickness of basalt associated with these inclination units varies from less than 9 meters to possibly as much as 160 meters. Two relatively thick magnetic units (40 m and 45 m, separated by 100 m) have anomalously high Is values of -53° and -63°, in contrast with the near zero inclinations expected for the equatorial latitude of Site 504. For this reason and because the average inclination of all the magnetic units is skewed to a negative value, it might be that the entire section at Hole 504B was tilted by approximately 30°.

(Table 1) Stratigraphic distribution and abundances of Cretaceous radiolarians from ODP Holes 130-803D and 130-807C

Among the five sites drilled during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 130, two deep holes (8O3D and 807C) penetrated Cretaceous sediments overlying the basaltic pillows, flows, and possibly basement rocks. Abundant, poorly preserved radiolarians with limited diversity were recovered from a few horizons within the sediments proximal to the basalt. At Site 803, three thin layers of radiolarites interbedded with claystone and clayey siltstone yielded radiolarian assemblages of late Albian age. At Site 807, several layers of radiolarian siltstones were recovered proximal to the basalt. Among them the most significant radiolarian assemblage is an Aptian fauna, located approximately 7 m above the basaltic flows. The Aptian radiolarian age for Site 807 is at least in accord with those suggested by planktonic foraminifer and paleomagnetic evidence. These Cretaceous radiolarians are the oldest assemblages recorded from the Ontong Java Plateau region.