Biheterocyclic ligands: synthesis, characterization and coordinating properties of bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) alkanes with transition metal ions and their thermokinetic and biological studies

The Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions complexes of Bis(4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) alkanes (BATs) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements infrared, magnetic susceptibility, the electronic spectral data and thermal studies. Based on spectral and magnetic results, the ligands are tetradentate coordinating through the N and S-atoms of BATs; six-coordinated octahedral or distorted octahedral and some times four-coordinated square planar were proposed for these complexes. Activation energies computed for the thermal decomposition steps were compared. The ligands and their metal complexes were tested in vitro for their biological effects. Their activities against two gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria and two fungal species were found to vary from moderate to very strong.

Reise durch Schweden und Finnland, bis an die äussersten Gränzen von Lappland, in den Jahren 1798 und 1799 : von Joseph Acerbi. Aus dem Englischen übersetzt von Ch. Weyland. Nebst berichtigenden Bemerkungen eines sachkundigen Gelehrten. Mit zwei Kupfern und einer Landkarte.

Digital reproduction, The National Library of Finland, Centre for Preservation and Digitisation, Mikkeli

Woten und Ingrier vom Mittelalter bis zum 20. Jahrhundert

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

“Ich habe gedacht, ich bin ihresgleichen und dann war ich immer ganz jemand anderes” : das Leben von Pfarrfrauen in der hannoverschen Landeskirche bis Anfang der 1970er Jahre im Licht sozialtechnischer Modernisierung

De protestantiska prästernas hustrur, prästfruarna, inom Landeskirche Hannover utgör en liten grupp konfessionellt bundna och troende kvinnor som jag undersökt ur kvinnohistoriskt och kulturvetenskapligt perspektiv. Jag belyser förändringarna i synen på prästgård, prästfruns värv och församling under mitten av 1900-talet då prästfruarna förlorade sin ställning i samhälle och församling. Prästfruarna framstår som vittnen över slutet på en epok som började med reformationen och som visat sig vara grundläggande för utformningen av moderniteten liksom också för övergången till senmoderna makt- och socialtekniker som lett till dagens emancipatoriska krav på självförverkligande med jaget som expert. Förändringarna ledde till kvinnopolitiska segrar, som bättre tillgång till arbetsmarknaden, men också till en hittills inte undersökt tragisk sida av denna modernisering, nämligen hur det självständiga handlingsutrymme försvann som prästfruarna hade i prästgård och församling just som kvinnor. Den protestantiska kyrkan bidrog så till en revolutionerande strukturomvandling för att referera till historikerna Lutz Raphael och Anselm Doering-Manteuffel.

Radiosynthesis and use of [18F]F2 derivatives [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflate) and [18F]ClF

Positroniemissiotomografia (PET) on kajoamaton kuvantamismenetelmä, jolla voidaan tutkia biologisia ja farmakologisia prosesseja elävissä ihmisissä ja eläimissä. PET käyttää biologisesti aktiivisia yhdisteitä, joihin on liitetty lyhytikäinen positroni (β+) säteilijä, kuten 18F. Lääketieteellinen fluorikemia perustuu luonnonyhdisteiden tai niiden johdosten fluoraukseen, vaikka luonnonyhdisteissä fluori onkin harvinainen. Fluorin hapetuskyky on korkea, mikä johtaa helposti lämpöä vapauttaviin radikaaliketjureaktioihin ja epätoivottujen sivutuotteiden muodostumiseen. Alkuaine fluorin voimakkaasta reaktiivisuudesta johtuen elektrofiilisessa radiofluorauksessa saavutetaan usein huono paikkaselektiivisyys ja matala saanto. Tästä johtuen elektrofiilisessa radiofluorauksessa on tavoitteena kehittää helpommin käsiteltäviä ja vähemmän reaktiivisia elektrofiilisen fluorin lähteitä, joilla saavutetaan myös parempi paikkaselektiivisyys radiofluorauksessa. [18F]F2:n johdokset, [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflaatti) ([18F]SF) ja [18F]ClF, tehtiin korkealla ominaisaktiivisuudella ja niitä käytettiin malliyhdisteiden elektrofiilisessa synteesissä. Kaksi 6-[18F]FDOPA:n lähtöainetta, tina- ja booriesteriyhdiste, leimattiin käyttäen [18F]SF:a. [18F]NS12137, norepinefriinin kuljettajaproteiini (NET) -selektiivinen PET-merkkiaine, fluorattiin käyttäen kahta elektrofiilista fluorauslähtöainetta, [18F]SF ja [18F]F2, sekä nukleofiilista synteesimenetelmää. [18F]ClF:lle

Molecular mechanics calculations of tin-bis (triphenylphosphine oxide) complexes

The capability of molecular mechanics for modeling the wide distribution of bond angles and bond lengths characteristic of coordination complexes was investigatecl. This was the preliminary step for future modeling of solvent extraction. Several tin-phosphine oxide COrnI)le:){es were selected as the test groUl) for t.he d,esired range of geometry they eX!libi ted as \-vell as the ligands they cOD.tained r Wllich were c\f interest in connection with solvation. A variety of adjustments were made to Allinger's M:M2 force·-field ill order to inl.prove its performance in the treatment of these systems. A set of u,nique force constants was introduced for' those terms representing the metal ligand bond lengths, bond angles, and, torsion angles. These were significantly smaller than trad.itionallY used. with organic compounds. The ~1orse poteIlt.ial energ'Y function was incorporated for the M-X l')ond lE~ngths and the cosine harmonic potential erlerg-y function was invoked for the MOP bond angle. These functions were found to accomodate the wide distribution of observed values better than the traditional harmonic approximations~ Crystal packing influences on the MOP angle were explored thr"ollgh ttle inclusion of the isolated molecule withil1 a shell cc)ntaini11g tl1e nearest neigl1'bors duri.rlg energy rninimization experiments~ This was found to further improve the fit of the MOP angle.

The crystal and molecular structure of bis (pyridoxamine) copper (II) dinitrate monohydrate

The crystal structure of Cu(PM)2(N03hoH20 (where PM is pyridoxamine, CSHI2N202) has been determined from three dimensional x-ray diffraction data. The crystals are triclinic, space group pI, a = 14.248 (2), b = 8.568 (1), c = 9.319 (1) 1, a = 94.08 (1), e = 89.73 (1), y~~ 99.18 (1)°, z = 2, jl(MoK) = 10.90 em-I, Po = 1.61 g/cm3 and Pc = 1.61 g/em3• The structure a was solved by Patterson techniques from data collected on a Picker 4-circle diffractometer to 26max = 45°. All atoms, including hydrogens, have been located. Anisotropic thermal parameters have been refined for all nonhydrogen atoms. For the 2390 independent reflections with F ? 3cr(F) , R = 0.0408. The results presented here provide the first detailed structural information of a metal complex with PM itself. The copper atoms are located on centres of symmetry and each is chela ted by two PM zwitterions through the amino groups and phenolate oxygen atoms. The zwitterionic form found in this structure involves the loss of a proton from the phenolate group and protonation of the pyridine ring nitrogen atoms. The two independent Cu(PM)2 moieties are symmetrically bridged by a single oxygen atom from one of the nitrate groups. The second nitrate group is not coordinated to the copper atoms but is central to an extensive hydrogen bonding network involving the water molecule and uncoordinated functional groups of PM.

The kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of bis diphenyl methyl and related peroxides in liquid phase /|nby C. Thankachan. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

Rates and products have been determined for the thermal decomposition of bis diphenyl methyl peroxide and diphenyl methyl tert* butyl peroxide at 110@~145@C* The decomposition was uniformly unimolecular with activation energies for the bis diphenyl methyl peroxide in tetrachloroethylene* toluene and nitrobenzene 26,6* 28*3f and 27 Kcals/mole respectively. Diphenyl methyl tert* butyl peroxide showed an activation energy of 38*6 Kcals/mole* About 80-90% of the products in the case of diphenyl methyl peroxide could be explained by the concerted process, this coupled with the negative entropies of activation obtained is a conclusive evidence for the reaction adopting a major concerted path* All the products in the case of diphenyl methyl peroxide could be explained by known reactions of alkoxy radicals* About 80-85% of tert butanol and benzophenone formed suggested far greater cage disproportionation than diffusing apart* Rates of bis triphenyl methyl peroxide have been determined in tetrachloroethylene at 100-120@C* The activation energy was found to be 31 Kcals/mole*

Bis-and tris (amidine) fluoroboron cations and related systems studies by Multinuclear NMR and fast atom bombardment mass spectometry

The formation and the isolation of fluoroboron salts, (D2BF2+)(PF6-), (DD'BF2+)(PF6-) and (D3BF2+)(PF6-)2, have been carried out. 1,8-Diazabicyclo [5,4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,5-diazabicyclo[4,3,O]non-5-ene (DBN), extremely strong organic bases, were introduced into the fluoroboron cation systems and induced a complicated redistribution reaction in the D/BF3/BC13 systems. The result was the formation of all BFnCI4-n-, D.BFnCI3-n and fluoroboron cation species which were detected by 19p and 11B NMR spectrometry. The displacement reaction of CI- from these D.BFnCI3-n (n = 1 and 2) species by the second entering ligand is much faster than in other nitrogen donor containing systems which have been previously studied. Tetramethylguanidine, oxazolines and thiazolines can also produce similar reactions in D/BF3/BCI3 systems, but no significant BFnC4-n- species were observed. As well as influences of their basicity and their steric hindrance, N=C-R(X) (X = N, 0 or S) and N=C( X)2 (X = N or S) structures of ligands have significant effects on the fonnationof fluoroboron cations and the related NMR parameters. D3BF2+ and some D2BF2+ show the expected inertness, but (DBU)2BF2+ shows an interestingly high reactivity. (D2BF2+)(X-) formed from weak organic bases such as pyridine can react with stronger organic bases and form DD'BF2+ and D'2BF2+ in acetone or nitromethane. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry is doubly meaningful to this work. Firstly, FABMS can be directly applied to the complicated fluoroboron cation containing solution systems as an excellent complementary technique to multinuclear NMR. Secondly, the gas-phase ion substitution reaction of (D2BF2+)(PF6-) with the strong organic bases is successfully observed in a FABMS ion source when the B-N bond is not too strong in these cations.

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of boron trihalide complexes of 1,1-BIS (dimethylamino) ethylene and related bases

Boron tribalide complexes of 1,1-bis(dimethylamino)ethylene (DME) , t etramethylurea (TMU), tetramethylguanidine (TMG) , and pentamethylguanidine (PMG) and also mixed boron t r ihalide adducts of DME have been investigated by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. Both nitrogen and the C-Q-H carbon of DME are possible donor a toms to boron trihal ides but complexation has been found to occur only at carbon of DME. The initial adduct acts as a Bronsted acid and gives up a proton to free DME in solut ion. A side reaction in the DME-BF, system gives rise to trace amounts of a complex aSSigned as (DME)2BF2+. (DME)2BF2+ is produced in much larger quantities in t he DME-BF3-BC13 and DME-BF,-BBr, systems by reaction of free DME with DME:BF2X (X = Cl, Br). Restricted r otation about the C-N bonds of TMUlBC13 and n1U:BBr3 has been observed at low temperatures. This complements previous work in this system and confirms oxygen donation of TMU to boron trihalides . Restricted rotation at low temperatures also has been observed in DMEboron trihalide systems

Estudio del (2-(Bis-(N-acetilsulfanililimino) -4 Tiazolina

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Orgánica) UANL