High speed titanium coatings by supersonic laser deposition

The importance of metal coating technologies drives the continuous improvement of metal deposition techniques for application in a wide range of industrial sectors. This work presents the foundations of a new process technology for the deposition of titanium coatings on steel tube substrates using supersonic powder streams and impact site laser heating, known as Supersonic Laser Deposition (SLD). Metallic deposits are obtained under appropriate impact conditions without the need for exceeding the melting point of the deposited material or substrate leading to improved coating quality. Details of the experimental approach are presented along with the general characteristics of the titanium coating produced using this novel coatings method. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Value-adding through coatings

The paper presents the three categories of food coatings that are used, individually or in combination, to produce battered or breaded foods. These are predust, batters and breadcrumbs. Predusts are usually a blend of flours, starches and other functional ingredients such as proteins, vegetable gums and seasonings or flavors; batters are blends of flours, starches, leavening agents and seasonings which, when mixed with water, forms a viscous liquid used to evenly coat a food item; while breadcrumbs are baked or otherwise thermally processed cereal-based ingredients which are applied to a moistened food item prior to cooking.

Cell adhesion to plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) titania coatings, assessed using a centrifuging technique.

The adhesion of bovine chondrocytes and human osteoblasts to three titania-based coatings, formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), was compared to that on uncoated Ti-6Al-4V substrates, and some comparisons were also made with plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings. This was done using a centrifuge, with accelerations of up to 160,000 g, so as to induce buoyancy forces that created normal or shear stresses at the interface. It is shown that, on all surfaces, it was easier to remove cells under normal loading than under shear loading. Cell adhesion to the PEO coatings was stronger than that on Ti-6Al-4V and similar to that on HA. Cell proliferation rates were relatively high on one of the PEO coatings, which was virtually free of aluminium, but low on the other two, which contained significant levels of aluminium. It is concluded that the Al-free PEO coating offers promise for application to prosthetic implants.

Calculation and measurement of the magnetostriction of multilayered composites

A new theoretical model that predicts the magnetostriction of multilayered composites has been developed. The model takes into account the shear stress between the composite layers and consequently predicts a non-uniform strain along their thickness. The model has been experimentally validated by producing composites formed from three materials with different magnetostrains and mechanical properties, and controlled layer thicknesses in the order of micrometers. Deformations of several ppm, up to 7.5% of the saturation magnetostrain were measured between the edge and the centre of such composites. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Orthorhombic α-moo 3 coatings with lath-shaped morphology developed by SPPS: Applications to super-capacitors

Electrical double-layer capacitors owe their large capacitance to the formation of a double-layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface of high surface area carbon-based electrode materials. Greater electrical energy storage capacity has been attributed to transition metal oxides/nitrides that undergo fast, reversible redox reactions at the electrode surface (pseudo-capacitive behavior) in addition to forming electrical double-layers. Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) has shown promise for depositing porous, high surface area transition metal oxides. This investigation explored the potential of SPPS to fabricate a-MoO 3 coatings with micro-structures suitable for use as super-capacitor electrodes. The effects of number of spray passes, spray distance, solution concentration, flow rate and spray velocity on the chemistry and micro-structure of the a-MoO 3 deposits were examined. DTA/TGA, SEM, XRD, and electrochemical analyses were performed to characterize the coatings. The results demonstrate the importance of post-deposition heating of the deposit by subsequent passes of the plasma on the coating morphology. © ASM International.

Thermal shock resistance of air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings

The spallation resistance of an air plasma sprayed (APS) thermal barrier coating (TBC) to cool-down/reheat is evaluated for a pre-existing delamination crack. The delamination emanates from a vertical crack through the coating and resides at the interface between coating and underlying thermally grown oxide layer (TGO). The coating progressively sinters during engine operation, and this leads to a depth-dependent increase in modulus. Following high temperature exposure, the coating is subjected to a cooling/reheating cycle representative of engine shut-down and start-up. The interfacial stress intensity factors are calculated for the delamination crack over this thermal cycle and are compared with the mode-dependent fracture toughness of the interface between sintered APS and TGO. The study reveals the role played by microstructural evolution during sintering in dictating the spallation life of the thermal barrier coating, and also describes a test method for the measurement of delamination toughness of a thin coating. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Raman and infrared properties and layer dependence of the phonon dispersions in multilayered graphene

The symmetry group analysis is applied to classify the phonon modes of N-stacked graphene layers (NSGLs) with AB and AA stacking, particularly their infrared and Raman properties. The dispersions of various phonon modes are calculated in a multilayer vibrational model, which is generalized from the lattice vibrational potentials of graphene to including the interlayer interactions in NSGLs. The experimentally reported redshift phenomena in the layer-number dependence of the intralayer optical C-C stretching mode frequencies are interpreted. An interesting low-frequency interlayer optical mode is revealed to be Raman or infrared active in even or odd NSGLs, respectively. Its frequency shift is sensitive to the layer number and saturated at about 10 layers.

Study of Si/SiO2 hybrid antireflective coatings on SLD prepared by DSEBET - art. no. 69842P

We introduce a double source electron beam evaporation (DSEBET) technique in this paper. The refractive index coatings were fabricated on K9 glass substrate by adjusting the evaporation rates of two independent sources. The coatings, which were described by atomic force microscopy (AFM), show good compactness and homogeneity. The antireflective (AR) coatings were fabricated on Superluminescent Diodes (SLD) by DSEBET. The hybrid AR coatings on the facets of SLD were prepared in evaporation rates of 0.22nm/s and 0.75nm/s for silicon and silicon dioxide, respectively. The results of AFM and spectral performance of coated SLD show that DSEBET has a promising future in preparing the coatings on optoelectronic devices.