De "Patiamarillos" y "Tierrafueras": Encuentros, desencuentros y conflictos en tiempos de patrimonialización

Esta investigación se centra en identificar y entender los procesos de distinción social y espacial en el marco de las dinámicas de patrimonialización que han caracterizado al pueblo de Barichara, Santander en las últimas décadas. Basada en la etnografía, se lleva a cabo un acercamiento a las prácticas cotidianas de algunos de sus habitantes para comprender la complejidad de dinámicas que se desarrollan en un contexto atravesado por fronteras sociales. A través de historias de vida y situaciones sociales, se pretende dar cuenta de las experiencias contrastadas de personas que comparten un mismo pueblo pero que se ubican en posiciones diversas en el espacio social. En esta investigación se reflexiona sobre las múltiples modalidades de relacionamiento: los encuentros, los desencuentros y los conflictos.

Ficcionalisme i competències ètiques

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Desarrollo de las competencias deontológicas, éticas y de responsabilidad social en estudiantes de administración y dirección de empresas

En esta comunicación se sintetiza la labor que en el marco de un Proyecto de Innovación Educativa (PIE) se está llevando a cabo en la Escuela Universitaria de Estudios Empresariales de Donostia-San Sebastián de la Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU). Dicho PIE, que se encuentra en fase de realización, tiene por objetivo principal diseñar una intervención educativa innovadora dirigida a trabajar las competencias deontológicas, éticas y de responsabilidad social en alumnos/as del nuevo Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas (GADE), titulación que a partir del curso 2010-2011 se ha comenzado a impartir en el mencionado Centro

Problemes filosòfics: del liberalisme polític rawlsià

La doctrina que Rawls anomena "liberalisme polític" -i que trobem exposada en el llibre homònim que Rawls va publicar l'any 1993- ens diu com han de ser i com hem de veure aquelles concepcions de la justícia que pretenen donar compte de l'exercici legítim del poder polític en una societat marcada per un pluralitat insuperable de postures morals, filosòfiques i religioses. En aquest sentit, doncs, el liberalisme polític configura el marc conceptual en el qual hem d'encabir la concepció de la justícia que Rawls va proposar en el seu primer llibre, Una teoria de la justícia -i que va anomenar "justícia com a equitat". En la tesi, el que he mirat de criticar és justament aquest marc conceptual o, si es vol, la interpretació que acaba oferint Rawls de la seva pròpia concepció de la justícia com a equitat. Segons el meu parer, el liberalisme polític no reforçarà la posició de la justícia com a equitat davant de la constatació del pluralisme radical de les societats modernes, sinó que més aviat la debilitarà. I això serà així, crec, perquè el liberalisme polític és una mala resposta al fet del pluralisme en general. Efectivament, no és una bona manera d'abordar el pluralisme filosòfic -per exemple- afirmar que ens hem de quedar "a la superfície, filosòficament parlant" o que una concepció de la justícia ha de prescindir de la fonamentació filosòfica i que en fa prou de partir d'allò que en la societat es considera correcte. No és una bona manera de resoldre les disputes de la filosofia política sostenir que tan sols necessitem fixar-nos en la raonabilitat de les múltiples concepcions de la justícia existents i que podem oblidar-nos de fins a quin punt són correctes o vertaderes. Tot això és el que he mirat de demostrar en la segona part de la tesi -i en la mesura que és així, doncs, constitueix una crítica a la idea rawlsiana segons la qual una concepció de la justícia ha de ser exclusivament "política". Així mateix, la tercera part del treball està dedicada a criticar la noció de consens per superposició, que és la idea amb la qual el liberalisme polític pretén fer front al pluralisme sobretot èticopolític. Al meu parer, l'argument del liberalisme polític a favor del consens per superposició és un argument o bé irrellevant, o bé incoherent. A part d'això, és dubtós que hi hagi cap necessitat d'assolir aquesta mena de consens o que no hi hagi alternatives més realistes i adequades. D'altra banda, he defensat que la solució del consens per superposició no donaria cap resposta a un dels tipus de pluralisme més urgents d'abordar, com és el pluralisme nacional de molts Estats, entre ells el nostre.

Educació i integració en el cas de la comunitat marroquina a Girona. Una anàlisi entre el país d'origen i el d'assentament

La recerca s'ha desenvolupat a través d'un estudi que ha interrelacionat el procés d'integració social i cultural de la comunitat marroquina en la societat d'assentament amb la integració escolar dels infants i joves en els centres d'educació obligatòria. El que suposa una anàlisi del paper integrador que l'escola desenvolupa i pot desenvolupar, i també una reflexió sobre la interculturalitat i l' educació intercultural com a posicionament que afavoreix la integració plural. Tot aquest treball s'ha desenvolupat des d' una perspectiva articulada, ja que permet una major comprensió del fet migratori que es viu a una i altra banda de la Mediterrània. La investigació s 'ha desenvolupat en un paradigma sociocrític i a través d'un procés etnogràfic (observació, relats de vida, entrevistes ... ) al llarg de quasi tres anys, que ha estudiat i ha analitzat des d' una perspectiva comprensiva i transformadora, com la comunitat marroquina valora l'escolarització dels infants i joves des de les concepcions d'educació i d'escola que ha construït a través: 1. El procés migratori, entenent-lo mitjançant l' emigració i la immigració, en una perspectiva articulada. 2. El procés d'integració sociocultural en la societat d'arribada. El treball realitzat ha plantejat un marc teòric de tipus interdisciplinar -que s'ha estès al llarg de la investigació- per tal de situar el procés migratori, el concepte d'integració en la societat d'avui, des d'una perspectiva habermasiana i el paper de l'educació i de l'escola des d'una posicionament comunicatiu. Un cop presentat el marc teòric s'ha estudiat el procés migratori situant-se primer en el context de partida, el Marroc, realitzant una anàlisi que s'ha desenvolupat mitjançant factors socioculturals i educatius que en aquest darrer cas s'han ubicat sobre: l'educació en l'islam i en l'actual sistema d'ensenyament nacional. Posteriorment s'ha estudiat el context d'immigració a través d'aspectes demogràfics, jurídics, socioculturals i educatius. Presentant en aquest darrers un perfil socioformatiu de l'alumnat d'origen marroquí a través d'un estudi realitzat a la província de Girona. En els últims capítols s'exposen, primer situant-se en el Rif Oriental (Marroc), la ciutat de Nador i el seu entorn, de forma mes breu, i després amb extensió sobre l'espai de les comunitats marroquines d'Angles i Palafrugell a Catalunya, localitats de les comarques gironines, les característiques del context sociocutural i escolar, com a elements sobre el quals analitzar el procés d'integració sociocultural i escolar en el context d'assentament. La recerca també ha recollit l'opinió i l'experiència dels treballadors i famílies d'origen marroquí sobre l'escolarització dels infants i joves de la comunitat marroquina i sobre les expectatives que els pares i adults tenen de l'escola corn a institució formativa i integradora. Finalment es presenta una anàlisi, partint de la inforrnació obtinguda, que interrelaciona el procés d'integració sociocultural i escolar en el país d' assentament que ha aportat els següents referents i orientacions: 1. El procés d'integració de la comunitat marroquina mostra que es dóna un replegament sobre si mateixa que dificulta la integració plural. Aquest replegament es dóna mitjançant els valors de la tradició i de l'islam que són simultàniament, elements de cultura i de control. 2. Cal analitzar la integració en funció del model d' integració dominant en la societat d'arribada que es basa sobretot en aspectes funcionals: econòmics, jurídics i productius. 3. La integració en els àmbits morals: drets i deures, i en els aspectes simbòlics: identitats i identificacions són dominats en el primer cas per l'assimilació en els aspectes socials, culturals i productius, i pels estereotips en els aspectes identitaris i d'identificació. Aquesta situació comporta la necessitat de desenvolupar un model d'integració escolar que ha de tenir corn a referent que l'escola no pot integrar ni l'alumnat pot integrar-se si viu un procés de marginació o exclusió fora del centre i si el centre educatiu no és conscient d'allò que succeeix al seu entorn i a l'alumnat més enllà del context escolar. 1- Ha de procurar la integració de l'alumnat en la xarxa relacional i formativa del centre. 2- Ha d'aconseguir la integració de l'alumnat a l'aula. 3- Ha de tenir present que les accions integradores, abans esmentades, han d'afavorir la integració de l'alumnat fora de l'espai escolar i en una perspectiva de futur, ha d' afavorir la integració sociolaboral. Per tant, l'escola ha de plantejar-se que és necessari establir un diàleg amb totes les famílies a través d'un nou model de participació en el qual l'escola passi de ser un lloc de pas a un lloc de trobada. Aquesta dinàmica també replanteja ara les actuals fronteres entre allò públic i privat, entre l'escola i la família, amb l' objectiu de descobrir les coincidències entre els projectes social, cultural i educatiu d'ambdues institucions.

Stigma and risky behaviors among male clients of sex workers in the UK in 2001

This paper builds on existing theoretical work on sex markets (Della Giusta, Di Tommaso, and Strøm, 2009a). Using data from the British Sexual Attitudes Survey, we aim to replicate the analysis of the demand for paid sex previously conducted for the US (Della Giusta, Di Tommaso, Shima and Strøm, 2009b). We want to test formally the effect of attitudes, risky behaviors and personal characteristics on the demand for paid sex. Findings from empirical studies of clients suggest that personal characteristics (personal and family background, self-perception, perceptions of women, sexual preferences etc), economic factors (education, income, work) as well as attitudes towards risk (both health hazard and risk of being caught where sex work is illegal), and attitude towards relationships and sex are all likely to affect demand. Previous theoretical work has argued that stigma plays a fundamental role in determining both demand and risk, and that in particular due to the presence of stigma the demand for sex and for paid sex are not, as has been argued elsewhere, perfect substitutes. We use data from the British Sexual Attitudes Survey of 2001 to test these hypotheses. We find a positive effect of education (proxy for income), negative effects of professional status (proxies for stigma associated with buying sex), positive and significant effects of all risky behavior variables and no significant effects of variables which measure the relative degree of conservatism in morals. We conclude with some policy implications.

”När man kollar på bilden tänker man så här” : en receptionsstudie av gymnasieelevers uppfattning om bilder som kunskapskällor i historieundervisningen

Images are used in history education for a variety of reasons, not least to generate interest through a better understanding of historical events and people. The aim of this study was to investigate how historical pictures, either illustrated or documentary/photographic, can be used as a resource for activating and improving pupils' historical empathy, in the way described by Stéphane Lévasque. I conducted a reception study on five different focus groups consisting of pupils from different upper secondary schools in Sweden. The pupils varied with regard to number of credits for admission to upper secondary school. A sixth group of pupils was interviewed as a contrasting control group in order to add perspective to the results. The discussions were based on the pupils' interpretations of 34 selected pictures, all of which were taken from the most common history textbooks. Each pupil was asked to choose the picture he/she felt was the most representative historical image. On the basis of the strategies used by the pupils when interpreting the pictures and discussing them, the material was analysed in accordance with Lévesque's categories: imagination, historical contextualisation and morals. The last category, morals, was further divided into three sub-categories: sense of justice, sympathy and progression. The reflections of the pupils and the degree of contextualisation varied. It appeared that the pupils were less inclined to discuss assumptions about the persons in the pictures; instead they chose to discuss the historical context in question. The pictures in this study did not seem to trigger the pupils to fabricate anachronistic reasoning about history; when they did produce lengthy reasoning, it was contextual, structural and metahistorical. In this context, the pupils who belonged to the group with the highest average of credits showed some signs of reflection on the basis of historical context and some criticism about the historical sources. On no occasion did any of the pupils choose a picture as a concrete expression of injustice. One of the questions this study aimed to explore was whether a lack of historical context affects how pictures trigger emotions and reasoning on the basis of moral aspects. Some of the pupils displayed moral standpoints, primarily the degree of morals concerning injustice. One possible interpretation could be that the feeling of being unfairly treated and subjected to insulting behaviour and social injustice was something the pupils could relate to. The group of pupils who had not yet studied history at upper secondary school, the control group, generally made reflections using this sort of reasoning when they discussed the historical aspects of the pictures.

O Leviatã e os Jesuítas: uma análise das regras disciplinares do Colégio Santo Inácio no quadro institucional do Estado Novo (1937-1945)

Esta diss.ertação apresenta urna anãlise das nonnas dis.ciplin~ res que regul am a conduta das cri anças e adolescentes, e que se consti tuem como tecnicas de adestramento e~ercidas sobre a referida população, por duas instâncias de poder: o Estado e a Escola. As regras. de conduta que fundam o regime escolar sao analis~ das no âmbito das prescrições dis.ciplinares vigentes noColegio Santo In! cio do Rio de Janeiro - dirigido pelos jesultas -, no perlodo de 1937-45 e contidas em alguns documentos dessa instituição, como Regulamento, Es tatutos e Anuãrios. Antes elaboramos. entretanto, uma genealogia da pr~ pria disciplina escolar jesultica. atraves da anãlise de discurso de três documentos bãsicos da Companhia de Jesus, redigidos durante o seco XVI: As COY/J.).:tU.u.iÇÕe6, o Ra..ti.o StucLi.olUlm e os Exe.lLc1cio~ E~p.úútwú.6, onde se destaca uma nltida dimensão pedagógica e normativa. Circunscrevemos a anãlise das regras disciplinares do Colegio Santo Inãcio aos anos de 1937-45, visto tal perlodo marcar a vigência do Estado-Novo no Brasil, quando são instituldos uma serie de dispositivos visando enquadrar e nonnatizar a população infanto-juvenil, e que se en contram consubstanciados em textos como: a Constituição de 37, nos capl tulos onde dispõe Da Famllia, Da Educação e Da Cultura (art. 122-134); a Exposição de Motivos da Lei Orgânica do Ensino Secundãrio, de l/4J42; e artigos publicados na Revista Cu.f;twr.a Po.e1:üca - que funcionou como uma especie de tribuna do governo central -, que tratam de temas como nigi! ne, disciplina, sanidade e moralização das crianças e adolescentes. Na anãlise das relações existentes entre Escola e Estado,not~ damente no que se refere a imposição de um padrão de conduta, concl ulmos que o aparelho escolar possui uma autonomia relativa com relaçao ao ap~ re 1 ho de E s ta do .

Rheological Properties of a Sodium Bentonite and Lactose Aqueous Dispersion

Aim of this paper is show the viscosity measure of a sodium bentonite-water-lactose mixture and your rheological behaviour. This analysis showed the formation of tridimensional structure type and formation of stratified silicate/lactose, this occurred due to different concentrations of organic products into mixture and due to a difference of rotation during viscosity measument. Formation of networks is a consequence of the attraction between the silicate layers in water-lactose mixture. In the present work aqueous solutions of lactose with concentration of 7%, 5%, 3%, 1% and 0% (wt %) were used.

A ética econômica das classes trabalhadoras: a gramática social do comportamento econômico da nova pequena burguesia comercial de Natal/RN

Rogram relying on sociological interface between Economic Sociology, Sociology of Moral Theory of Socialization and Social Stratification, this dissertation research makes use of theoretical contributions Luic Boltanski, Charles Taylor, Axel Honneth, Pierre Bourdieu and Bernard Lahire to problematize the generally about the physical and symbolic production and social reproduction of the type of "economic ethics" predominant in the new petite bourgeoisie Brazilian. In other words, the goal is to explain and analyze the objective conditions (economic needs and moral grammar) and intersubjective (modes of socialization and social networks) and update the social genesis and contextual transcontextual beliefs, biases, inclinations and cultural regularities observed the economic behavior of individual profiles for the fractions of the urban petty bourgeoisie and commercial upward Natal / RN. With regard to methodological strategies adopted in data collection will be conducted qualitative interviews (semistructured) and ethnographic notes. In turn, the analytical treatment of the collected empirical content is based on the approach dispositionalist (Pierre Bourdieu, Loïc Wacquant and Bernard Lahire) that emphasizes the study of the past embedded agents and the different contexts of incorporation / activation / inhibition of "provisions" individual cultural

Formação moral das crianças: construção de regras fundamentais aos valores do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST)

The acquiring process of morals on a person is one of the most important aspects of his Social Identity. The basis for his ethics and moral choices are built when he interacts with the world. A child that interacts with participants of Movimento Sem Terra (MST) movement that fights for the Land Reform and the transformation of the society may have the opportunities to acquire the culture, morals and ethics of this movement. Based on this understanding, this work intends to comprehend how children think and incorporate the rules that are the base of the values and principles of MST, considering the diversity of the situations, the limits and the possibilities to experience these values in their everyday life in the Movement. To understand how the process of cognitive construction of the rules takes place in a child, it is important to consider the theories of Jean Piaget. According to him, morals development follows a sequence: the anomie (0 to 2 years old), marked by the absence of rules; the heteronomy (2 to 6/7 years old), where takes place the adoption of rules due to exterior obedience, such as a relative, an institution or a movement; and the autonomy (from 6/7 years old on), in which rules are considered legitimate. All the children in this research have relatives working at MST. The research has two parts. We have first observed the behavior of three groups of children (beyond six years old) while they were involved on their normal activities (kindergarten) activities. On the second moment, we have interviewed 20 children (between 3 and 10 years old). We used flashcards containing scenes; we also told stories and asked moral questions involving the character s behavior. We have noticed the unilateral respect and extern coercion are between the definers of the moral decisions of a child. The empathy and the reduction of the egocentrism help seeing the situation of the point of view of other, although it doesn t mean that one is going to accept others point of view. In the taking decision of the child other factors are also considered such as the space of socialization (family, school). Though the children don t work or take part at MST activities, they have already opinions about involved people behaviors. The interaction with relatives and teachers is one of the most important aspects to encourage them elaborate moral understandings according to the ethics of this movement

Luiz Antônio dos Santos Lima e o seu legado educacional (Natal/RN, 1910-1961)

This research aims to analyze the intellectual practice of Luiz Antônio Ferreira Souto dos Santos Lima. This is done considering the author´s legacy related to the History of Education in Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil in the time span of 1910 to 1961. Thus, the research is grounded on assumptions that rely on the Cultural History field. The research also dealt with dialogues between the author and Chartier (1990), Elias (1994), Morais (2003; 2006), as well as Gondra (2003). For the bibliographical research the work dealt with a vast array of documents such as newspapers called A República and Diário do Natal, Pedagogium, Revista do ensino, as well as state laws and decrees These documents were obtained at the Historical and Geographical Institute in Rio Grande do Norte. The research also dealt with School Bylaws and a medical doctoral thesis called Mental Hygiene and Education that was written by Luiz Antônio dos Santos Lima. Other documents were obtained at the State´s Public Archive, such as the Book of Honor, Work Records, Reports and Minutes of the General Directorate of Public Instruction Meetings. It was possible to infer that professor Luiz Antônio dos Santos Lima was teacher at Grupo Escolar Augusto Severo, the Atheneu as well as some local grade schools. The professor had a broad role in society, in administrative positions such as the Presidency of the Association of Teachers of Rio Grande do Norte, as Grade School Director in the School of Pharmacy and the State Education Department. He was also a member of the Academy of Arts and a partner at Historical and Geographical Institute in Rio Grande do Norte. The professor has also concerned with issues related to teaching good habits such as feeding, grooming, discipline, game morals, temperance, smoking, sex education; all of which necessary for the formation of healthy children. He was an enthusiast of an intuitive method and teaching lessons through practice, that he considered key elements in education. It is seen that professor Luiz Antônio dos Santos Lima had presence in the State´s health education and that his ideals were line with the ideal of modernity of the early twentieth century

As origens históricas do Zaratustra nietzcheano: o espelho de Zaratustra, a correção do mais fatal dos erros e a superação da morte de Deus

Through a careful examination of the relationship between Zoroastrianism and the Western tradition, and a detailed and critical reading of the writings of Nietzsche, this work aims at showing to what extent the character Zarathustra , his discourses and poetical-philosophical thoughts, and related passages from many distinct Nietzschean works, directly or undirectly reflect a philosophy that harvests contributions from the Zoroastrian tradition or its headways (in the Judeo-Greco-Christian tradition, and furthermore in the whole Western philosophical tradition). Supplied with this provisions, and with the interpretation cast upon them, Nietzschean philosophy questions the entire Western tradition of thought, and proposes its replacement by a new attitude towards life. This work also intends to show the way the Nietzschean Zarathustra was built up, in the writings of the German philosopher, together with the idea of making, out of the namesake character of the ancient Iranian prophet (Zarathushtra or Zoroaster, the founder of Zoroastrianism), the herald of that important text that intended to bring the German language to its highest perfection , clumping together, and leading to a prophetic-poetic climax consonant with the meaning of the Earth , Nietzsche s key ideas about the rectification of the most fatal of errors and about the death of God . An elaborate investigation has been pursued after the reasons and manners of the building up of Nietzsche s Zarathustra mirroring its Iranian namesake (sections 1.1 to 1.6), and a survey of the works of Nietzsche has suggested unquestionable relations with the Zoroastrian tradition, mostly through the Jewish, Greek or Christian repercussions of this tradition. These relations have been put in context, in many framings (sections 2.1 to 2.3.2), in the ambit of the most fatal of errors - the - creation of morals in the very occasion of its transposition to metaphysics (Ecce Homo, Why I am a destiny , 3). Through an evaluation of the possible circumstances and repercussions of the death of God , the relations between Nietzsche s writings and Zoroastrian tradition have been investigated (sections 3.1 to 3.7), allowing the understanding of this event as an essential component, and tragic outcome, of the rectification of the most fatal of errors