Design and implementation of a dc-dc converter based on variable structure control of switched systems

This paper presents a control method for a class of continuous-time switched systems, using state feedback variable structure controllers. The method is applied to the control of a non-trivial dc-dc power converter and a simple and inexpensive control circuit design, that was simulated using the software PSpice, is proposed. The design is based on Lyapunov-Metzler-SPR systems and the performance of the resulting control system is superior to that afforded by a recently proposed alternative sliding-mode control technique. © 2011 IFAC.

Alocação de pólos com realimentação da derivada dos estados usando LMIs

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Projeto, processo e produto: cartografia do design de conexões na televisão digital

Pós-graduação em Televisão Digital: Informação e Conhecimento - FAAC

Projeto de controladores para sistemas chaveados com aplicações em conversores cc-cc

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Projeto de Controladores Robustos H∞ para Sistemas Discretos Utilizando Modificação de Zeros

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Adhesive systems: important aspects related to their composition and clinical use

This literature review article addresses the types and the main components of different etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems available in the market, and relates them to their function, possible chemical interactions and influence of handling characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images are presented to characterize the interface between adhesives and dentin. Adhesive systems have been recently classifed according to their adhesion approaches in etch-and-rinse, self-etch and glass ionomer. The etch-and-rinse systems require a specifc acid-etch procedure and may be performed in two or three steps. Self-etch systems employ acidic monomers that demineralize and impregnate dental substrates almost at the same time. These systems are separated in one or two steps. Some advantages and defciencies were noted for etch-and-rinse and self-etch approaches, mainly for the simplifed ones due to some chemical associations and interactions. The SEM micrographs illustrate different relationships between adhesive systems and dental structures, particularly dentin. The knowledge of composition, characteristics and mechanisms of adhesion of each adhesive system is of fundamental importance to permit the adoption of ideal bonding strategies under clinical conditions.

Estudo das propriedades dinâmicas e sincronização no mapa de rede de Zaslavsky

Synchronization in nonlinear dynamical systems, especially in chaotic systems, is field of research in several areas of knowledge, such as Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Biology, Physics, among others. In simple terms, two systems are synchronized if after a certain time, they have similar behavior or occurring at the same time. The sound and image in a film is an example of this phenomenon in our daily lives. The studies of synchronization include studies of continuous dynamic systems, governed by differential equations or studies of discrete time dynamical systems, also called maps. Maps correspond, in general, discretizations of differential equations and are widely used to model physical systems, mainly due to its ease of computational. It is enough to make iterations from given initial conditions for knowing the trajectories of system. This completion of course work based on the study of the map called ”Zaslavksy Web Map”. The Zaslavksy Web Map is a result of the combination of the movements of a particle in a constant magnetic field and a wave electrostatic propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field. Apart from interest in the particularities of this map, there was objective the deepening of concepts of nonlinear dynamics, as equilibrium points, linear stability, stability non-linear, bifurcation and chaos

Controle robusto de sistemas não lineares e chaveado de sistemas lineares usando realimentação derivativa

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Design de Relações entre tecnologias amigáveis e sociabilidades virtuais: um novo campo de investigação para o Design

The Digital Age, with its new interactive and converging technologies, stimulates original forms of sociability, which are interconnected, intercommunicating and virtualized through hyperscreens. Another kind of interaction arises from the digitization and new speeds of contemporary communicative process. With the new order of knowledge, it is now possible to transgress the limits of physical space and linear time sequence, through the collective development of content through such telematics networks. Youth gives voice to a new type of user, or a social actor, whose thinking is connected to other communication habits, consolidating singular cultural standards, demanding new languages and skills. Here, we address the nature of this Design of new relations, interactions, behaviors and social systems that emerge in the so called Information Society.

Numerical methods for the dispersion analysis of Guided Waves

The use of guided ultrasonic waves (GUW) has increased considerably in the fields of non-destructive (NDE) testing and structural health monitoring (SHM) due to their ability to perform long range inspections, to probe hidden areas as well as to provide a complete monitoring of the entire waveguide. Guided waves can be fully exploited only once their dispersive properties are known for the given waveguide. In this context, well stated analytical and numerical methods are represented by the Matrix family methods and the Semi Analytical Finite Element (SAFE) methods. However, while the former are limited to simple geometries of finite or infinite extent, the latter can model arbitrary cross-section waveguides of finite domain only. This thesis is aimed at developing three different numerical methods for modelling wave propagation in complex translational invariant systems. First, a classical SAFE formulation for viscoelastic waveguides is extended to account for a three dimensional translational invariant static prestress state. The effect of prestress, residual stress and applied loads on the dispersion properties of the guided waves is shown. Next, a two-and-a-half Boundary Element Method (2.5D BEM) for the dispersion analysis of damped guided waves in waveguides and cavities of arbitrary cross-section is proposed. The attenuation dispersive spectrum due to material damping and geometrical spreading of cavities with arbitrary shape is shown for the first time. Finally, a coupled SAFE-2.5D BEM framework is developed to study the dispersion characteristics of waves in viscoelastic waveguides of arbitrary geometry embedded in infinite solid or liquid media. Dispersion of leaky and non-leaky guided waves in terms of speed and attenuation, as well as the radiated wavefields, can be computed. The results obtained in this thesis can be helpful for the design of both actuation and sensing systems in practical application, as well as to tune experimental setup.

On Time Series Analysis of Public Health and Biomedical Data

A time series is a sequence of observations made over time. Examples in public health include daily ozone concentrations, weekly admissions to an emergency department or annual expenditures on health care in the United States. Time series models are used to describe the dependence of the response at each time on predictor variables including covariates and possibly previous values in the series. Time series methods are necessary to account for the correlation among repeated responses over time. This paper gives an overview of time series ideas and methods used in public health research.

MODEL UPDATING AND STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINES VIA ADVANCED SPINNING FINITE ELEMENTS AND STOCHASTIC SUBSPACE IDENTIFICATION METHODS

Wind energy has been one of the most growing sectors of the nation’s renewable energy portfolio for the past decade, and the same tendency is being projected for the upcoming years given the aggressive governmental policies for the reduction of fossil fuel dependency. Great technological expectation and outstanding commercial penetration has shown the so called Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) technologies. Given its great acceptance, size evolution of wind turbines over time has increased exponentially. However, safety and economical concerns have emerged as a result of the newly design tendencies for massive scale wind turbine structures presenting high slenderness ratios and complex shapes, typically located in remote areas (e.g. offshore wind farms). In this regard, safety operation requires not only having first-hand information regarding actual structural dynamic conditions under aerodynamic action, but also a deep understanding of the environmental factors in which these multibody rotating structures operate. Given the cyclo-stochastic patterns of the wind loading exerting pressure on a HAWT, a probabilistic framework is appropriate to characterize the risk of failure in terms of resistance and serviceability conditions, at any given time. Furthermore, sources of uncertainty such as material imperfections, buffeting and flutter, aeroelastic damping, gyroscopic effects, turbulence, among others, have pleaded for the use of a more sophisticated mathematical framework that could properly handle all these sources of indetermination. The attainable modeling complexity that arises as a result of these characterizations demands a data-driven experimental validation methodology to calibrate and corroborate the model. For this aim, System Identification (SI) techniques offer a spectrum of well-established numerical methods appropriated for stationary, deterministic, and data-driven numerical schemes, capable of predicting actual dynamic states (eigenrealizations) of traditional time-invariant dynamic systems. As a consequence, it is proposed a modified data-driven SI metric based on the so called Subspace Realization Theory, now adapted for stochastic non-stationary and timevarying systems, as is the case of HAWT’s complex aerodynamics. Simultaneously, this investigation explores the characterization of the turbine loading and response envelopes for critical failure modes of the structural components the wind turbine is made of. In the long run, both aerodynamic framework (theoretical model) and system identification (experimental model) will be merged in a numerical engine formulated as a search algorithm for model updating, also known as Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) process. This iterative engine is based on a set of function minimizations computed by a metric called Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC). In summary, the Thesis is composed of four major parts: (1) development of an analytical aerodynamic framework that predicts interacted wind-structure stochastic loads on wind turbine components; (2) development of a novel tapered-swept-corved Spinning Finite Element (SFE) that includes dampedgyroscopic effects and axial-flexural-torsional coupling; (3) a novel data-driven structural health monitoring (SHM) algorithm via stochastic subspace identification methods; and (4) a numerical search (optimization) engine based on ASA and MAC capable of updating the SFE aerodynamic model.

A platform for real-time control education with LEGO MINDSTORMS.

A set of software development tools for building real-time control systems on a simple robotics platform is described in the paper. The tools are being used in a real-time systems course as a basis for student projects. The development platform is a low-cost PC running GNU/Linux, and the target system is LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT, thus keeping the cost of the laboratory low. Real-time control software is developed using a mixed paradigm. Functional code for control algorithms is automatically generated in C from Simulink models. This code is then integrated into a concurrent, real-time software architecture based on a set of components written in Ada. This approach enables the students to take advantage of the high-level, model-oriented features that Simulink oers for designing control algorithms, and the comprehensive support for concurrency and real-time constructs provided by Ada.

Procedimiento de diseño acústico y eletroacústico de sistemas tipo

El presente proyecto propone la creación de un procedimiento y metodología para el diseño de salas y sistemas electroacústicos basados en el software EASE. La sala tipo elegida para el diseño será una sala de cine bajo las premisas de DOLBY Digital. Los sistemas electroacústicos modelo serán: • Sistema distribuido tanto en malla cuadrada como hexagonal • Sistemas centralizados basados en agrupaciones, tanto lineales como circulares. Se establecerán los pasos básicos imprescindibles para el diseño de los sistemas descritos de forma que, con la ayuda de este tutorial y los medios didácticos adjuntos al mismo, se puedan acometer paso a paso las distintas fases de diseño, cálculo y análisis de los mismos. Como metodología de trabajo se acometerá el proceso de diseño de un ejemplo de cada tipo sobre el que se describirán todos los pasos, posibilidades de diseño y cálculo de los mismos. Los puntos de estudio serán: • Diseño de una sala de Cine ◦Importación de los Ficheros Autocad del cine a EASE ◦Dibujo del recinto en EASE ◦Inserción de materiales ◦Cálculo del tiempo de reverberación en función del volumen de la sala ◦Ajuste del tiempo de reverberación ◦Elección de altavoces para la sonorización ◦Comprobación de la uniformidad de campo sonoro en todos los canales ◦Comprobación de los niveles de pico y total por canal ◦Ecualización de la sala según la curva X (ISO-2969) ◦Inclusión de la Pantalla en la curva de ecualización ◦Estudios psicoacústico de la sala. Retardos ◦Inteligibilidad ◦Diagrama de bloques • Diseño de un sistema distribuido ◦Estudio de los diferentes tipos de solapamientos ▪Borde con Borde ▪Solapamiento mínimo ▪Centro con Centro ◦Estudio de los diferente tipos de mallas ▪Cuadrada ▪Hexagonal • Diseño de un sistema Centralizado ◦Sistemas centralizados tipo Linear Array ◦Sistemas centralizados tipo Circular Array Así mismo se estudiarán las diferentes posibilidades dentro de la suite EASE, incluyendo las versiones gratuitas del mismo EASE ADDRESS (sistemas distribuidos) y FOCUS II (sistemas centralizados), comparando sus posibilidades con los módulos comerciales equivalentes de EASE y las herramientas añadidas del mismo EARS (software para la auralización biaural) y AURA (utilidad de análisis extendido). ABSTRACT This project proposes the creation of a procedure and methodology for the design of rooms and electroacoustic systems based on EASE software. The room chosen as example design is a cinema under DOLBY Digital premises. Electroacoustic systems chosen as example are: • Distributed both square and hexagonal mesh • Centralized systems based on clusters, both linear and circular. It will be established the basic essential steps for the design of the systems described so, with this tutorial and attached teaching aids, could be undertaken the various stages of design, calculation and analysis. As a working methodology, the process design of an example will be described of each system on which all the steps described, design possibilities and calculation will be shown. The main points are: • Design of a cinema • Importing Autocad Files in EASE • Drawing with EASE • Materials insertion • Reverberation time based on the room volume • Adjusting reverberation time • Choosing speakers • Checking sound field uniformity in all channels • Checking peak levels and total level per each channel • Room equalization using X curve (ISO-2969) • Adding screen in the EQ • Psychoacoustic. Delays • Intelligibility • Block diagram • Design of a distributed system • Study of the different types of overlap o Edge to Edge o Minimum Overlap o Center to Center • Study of different types of mesh • Square • Hex • Centralized System Design • Centralized systems. Linear Array • Centralized systems. Circular Array It also will explore the different possibilities within the EASE suite, including the free versions of the same EASE ADDRESS (distributed systems) and FOCUS II (centralized), comparing its potential with commercial equivalents EASE modules and added tools EARS (software for biaural auralization) and AURA (utility extended analysis).

Effect of soiling in CPV systems

The effect of soiling in flat PV modules has been already studied, causing a reduction of the electrical output of 4% on average. For CPV's, as far as soiling produces light scattering at the optical collector surface, the scattered rays should be definitively lost because they cannot be focused onto the receivers again. While the theoretical study becomes difficult because soiling is variable at different sites, it becomes easier to begin the monitoring of the real field performance of concentrators and then raise the following question: how much does the soiling affect to PV concentrators in comparison with flat panels?? The answers allow to predict the PV concentrator electrical performance and to establish a pattern of cleaning frequency. Some experiments have been conducted at the IES-UPM and CSES-ANU sites, consisting in linear reflective concentration systems, a point focus refractive concentrator and a flat module. All the systems have been measured when soiled and then after cleaning, achieving different increases of ISC. In general, results show that CPV systems are more sensitive to soiling than flat panels, accumulating losses in ISC of about 14% on average in three different tests conducted at IESUPM and CSES-ANU test sites in Madrid (Spain) and Canberra (Australia). Some concentrators can reach losses up to 26% when the system is soiled for 4 months of exposure.