Fan Culture as an Informal Learning Environment : Presentation of a NGL project

Fan culture is a subculture that has developed explosively on the internet over the last decades. Fans are creating their own films, translations, fiction, fan art, blogs, role play and also various forms that are all based on familiar popular culture creations like TV-series, bestsellers, anime, manga stories and games. In our project, we analyze two of these subculture genres, fan fiction and scanlation. Amateurs, and sometimes professional writers, create new stories by adapting and developing existing storylines and characters from the original. In this way, a "network" of texts occurs, and writers step into an intertextual dialogue with established writers such as JK Rowling (Harry Potter) and Stephanie Meyer (Twilight). Literary reception and creation then merge into a rich reciprocal creative activity which includes comments and feedback from the participators in the community. The critical attitude of the fans regarding quality and the frustration at waiting for the official translation of manga books led to the development of scanlation, which is an amateur translation of manga distributed on the internet.  Today, young internet users get involved in conceptual discussions of intertextuality and narrative structures through fan activity. In the case of scanlation, the scanlators practice the skills and techniques of translating in an informal environment. This phenomenon of participatory culture has been observed by scholars and it is concluded that they contribute to the development of a student’s literacy and foreign language skills. Furthermore, there is no doubt that the fandom related to Japanese cultural products such as manga, anime and videogames is one of the strong motives for foreign students to start learning Japanese. This is something to take into pedagogical consideration when we develop web-based courses. Fan fiction and fan culture make it ​​possible to have an intensive transcultural dialogue between participators throughout the world and is of great interest when studying the interaction between formal and informal learning that puts the student in focus

LEARNING STUDY: ROZVOJ ŠKOLY SKRZE KOLEGIÁLNÍ UČENÍ UČITELŮ : Learning study: school development through collegial learning of teachers

The aim of this article is to describe how the Learning Study method (LS) was implemented in a Swedish upper secondary school, as well as how the principals and the teachers involved perceived this to affect teaching at, and the development of, the school. It is an empirical study that was conducted as an action research project over a period of three years. The project to implement the LS method was based on the assumption that proper training is the result of collegial activity that occurs when teachers learn from each other. The teachers in this study were, in general, positive about using the LS method. It created opportunities to meet and talk about teaching skills, developed better professional relationships between colleagues, and offered a systematic method for planning, implementing and monitoring teaching. However, working together requires that time be set aside to allow for implementation of the LS method. This is crucial, as the LS method is a rather expensive way to make school development work. This places heavy demands on principals to create the necessary conditions for the implementation of the LS method.

Languaging in virtual learning sites : studies of online encounters in the language-focused classroom

This thesis focuses upon a series of empirical studies which examine communication and learning in online glocal communities within higher education in Sweden. A recurring theme in the theoretical framework deals with issues of languaging in virtual multimodal environments as well as the making of identity and negotiation of meaning in these settings; analyzing the activity, what people do, in contraposition to the study of how people talk about their activity. The studies arise from netnographic work during two online Italian for Beginners courses offered by a Swedish university. Microanalyses of the interactions occurring through multimodal video-conferencing software are amplified by the study of the courses’ organisation of space and time and have allowed for the identification of communicative strategies and interactional patterns in virtual learning sites when participants communicate in a language variety with which they have a limited experience. The findings from the four studies included in the thesis indicate that students who are part of institutional virtual higher educational settings make use of several resources in order to perform their identity positions inside the group as a way to enrich and nurture the process of communication and learning in this online glocal community. The sociocultural dialogical analyses also shed light on the ways in which participants gathering in discursive technological spaces benefit from the opportunity to go to class without commuting to the physical building of the institution providing the course. This identity position is, thus, both experienced by participants in interaction, and also afforded by the ‘spaceless’ nature of the online environment.

Machine Translation and the Disruption of Foreign Language Learning Activities

This study examines the question of how language teachers in a highly technologyfriendly university environment view machine translation and the implications that this has for the personal learning environments of students. It brings an activity-theory perspective to the question, examining the ways that the introduction of new tools can disrupt the relationship between different elements in an activity system. This perspective opens up for an investigation of the ways that new tools have the potential to fundamentally alter traditional learning activities. In questionnaires and group discussions, respondents showed general agreement that although use of machine translation by students could be considered cheating, students are bound to use it anyway, and suggested that teachers focus on the kinds of skills students would need when using machine translation and design assignments and exams to practice and assess these skills. The results of the empirical study are used to reflect upon questions of what the roles of teachers and students are in a context where many of the skills that a person needs to be able to interact in a foreign language increasingly can be outsourced to laptops and smartphones.

Flipped classroom and learning strategies

This paper seeks to answer the research question "How does the flipped classroom affect students’ learning strategies?" In e-learning research, several studies have focused on how students and teachers perceive the flipped classroom approach. In general, these studies have reported pleasing results. Nonetheless, few, if any, studies have attempted to find out the potential effects of the flipped classroom approach on how students learn. This study was based on two cases: 1) a business modelling course and 2) a research methodology course. In both cases, participating students were from information systems courses at Dalarna University in Sweden. Recorded lectures replaced regular lectures. The recorded lectures were followed by seminars that focused on the learning content of each lecture in various ways. Three weeks after the final seminar, we arranged for two focus group interviews to take place in each course, with 8 to 10 students participating in each group. We asked open questions on how the students thought they had been affected and more dedicated questions that were generated from a literature study on the effects of flipped classroom courses. These questions dealt with issues about mobility, the potential for repeating lectures, formative feedback, the role of seminars, responsibility, empowerment, lectures before seminars, and any problems encountered. Our results show that, in general, students thought differently about learning after the courses in relation to more traditional approaches, especially regarding the need to be more active. Most students enjoyed the mobility aspect and the accessibility of recorded lectures, although a few claimed it demanded a more disciplined attitude. Most students also expressed a feeling of increased activity and responsibility when participating in seminars. Some even felt empowered because they could influence seminar content. The length of and possibility to navigate in recorded lectures was also considered important. The arrangement of the seminar rooms should promote face-to-face discussions. Finally, the types of questions and tasks were found to affect the outcomes of the seminars. The overall conclusion with regard to students’ learning strategies is that to be an active, responsible, empowered, and critical student you have to be an informed student with possibilities and mandate to influence how, where and when to learn and be able to receive continuous feedback during the learning process. Flipped classroom can support such learning.

Machine translation and the disruption of foreign language learning activities

This study examines the question of how language teachers in a highly technology-friendly university environment view machine translation and the implications that this has for the personal learning environments of students. It brings an activity-theory perspective to the question, examining the ways that the introduction of new tools can disrupt the relationship between different elements in an activity system. This perspective opens up for an investigation of the ways that new tools have the potential to fundamentally alter traditional learning activities. In questionnaires and group discussions, respondents showed general agreement that although use of machine translation by students could be considered cheating, students are bound to use it anyway, and suggested that teachers focus on the kinds of skills students would need when using machine translation and design assignments and exams to practice and assess these skills. The results of the empirical study are used to reflect upon questions of what the roles of teachers and students are in a context where many of the skills that a person needs to be able to interact in a foreign language increasingly can be outsourced to laptops and smartphones.

Os determinantes morfogenéticos da linguagem expressiva

O presente trabalho parte de uma reinterpretação dos determinantes e da organização da linguagem expressiva em indivíduos portadores de deficiência da audição. Neste sentido, submete a uma análise crítica as condições de estruturação e aquisição de um sistema de comunicação simbólica de natureza essencialmente verbal por parte de tais indivíduos. Avalia, em particular modo, a perspectiva de uma organização fonológica do discurso em portadores de surdez profunda “pré-linguagem~, como um processo que ultrapassa as possibilidades d e uma mera aprendizagem. A linguagem vista então como um processo semiótico de natureza percepto-expressiva, que se estabelece ao longo do desenvolvimento filogenético e ontogenético é assim interpretada, a luz de um novo modelo teórico sobre a Cognição Humana . Tal modelo, pautado em contribuições da Cibernética, da Lógica, da Linguística e da Epistemologia Genética, estabelece plataformas morfogenéticas, a partir das quais o psiquismo se organizaria. Desta maneira, 2 (dois) objetivos essenciais pretendem ser atingidos no presente e s tudo. 1º ) oferecer uma base teórica à dinâmica e processual cognitivo em que o surdo se vê envolvido ao longo da aprendizagem de um sistema verbal-simbólico - à luz de uma hipótese pré-formista, de base morfogenética. 2º) avaliar, a partir da linguagem expressiva escrita apresentada por deficientes auditivos com perda profunda ~pré-linguagem", a hipótese formulada por F. Lo P. Seminério (1980) "de uma memória morfogenética na espécie humana", a partir do que, toda a atividade cognitiva se organizaria, passando a operar segundo estruturas-código, pré-fixadas. A fim de confirmar as proposições estabelecidas, apresenta - se uma Verificação Empírica através de estudos exploratórios realizados com 6 (seis) sujeitos. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a existência de um marco seletivo e organizador de natureza audio-fonética, também entre indivíduos surdos. Constata-se que a informação veiculada é capaz de ser tratada, programada e recuperada linguisticamente, ainda que sem a possibilidade de um mecanismo de retroalimentação ao sistema que se desenvolve. O que equivale a dizer, que o indivíduo surdo apesar de não ouvir, programa à nível áudio-fonético, programação essa que vem a ser recuperada ou atualizada graças aos recursos e técnicas pedagógicas especializadas. Tais resultados sugerem uma reavaliação dos métodos psicopedagógicos usuais nesta área, podendo-se retomar sob nova orientação o debate de temas atuais, nas diretrizes das técnicas e do instrumental utilizado.

Astrocytes and human cognition: Modeling information integration and modulation of neuronal activity

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Biomolecular information, brain activity and cognitive functions

Molecular neurobiology has provided an explanation of mechanisms supporting mental functions as learning, memory, emotion and consciousness. However, an explanatory gap remains between two levels of description: molecular mechanisms determining cellular and tissue functions, and cognitive functions. In this paper we review molecular and cellular mechanisms that determine brain activity, and then hypothetize about their relation with cognition and consciousness. The brain is conceived of as a dynamic system that exchanges information with the whole body and the environment. Three explanatory hypotheses are presented, stating that: a) brain tissue function is coordinated by macromolecules controlling ion movements, b) structured (amplitude, frequency and phase-modulated) local field potentials generated by organized ionic movement embody cognitive information patterns, and c) conscious episodes are constructed by a large-scale mechanism that uses oscillatory synchrony to integrate local field patterns. © by São Paulo State University.

A framework for learning in humanoid simulated robots

One of the most important characteristics of intelligent activity is the ability to change behaviour according to many forms of feedback. Through learning an agent can interact with its environment to improve its performance over time. However, most of the techniques known that involves learning are time expensive, i.e., once the agent is supposed to learn over time by experimentation, the task has to be executed many times. Hence, high fidelity simulators can save a lot of time. In this context, this paper describes the framework designed to allow a team of real RoboNova-I humanoids robots to be simulated under USARSim environment. Details about the complete process of modeling and programming the robot are given, as well as the learning methodology proposed to improve robot's performance. Due to the use of a high fidelity model, the learning algorithms can be widely explored in simulation before adapted to real robots. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Effects of sublethal dose of fipronil on neuron metabolic activity of africanized honeybees

Fipronil is a neurotoxic insecticide that inhibits the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor and can affect gustative perception, olfactory learning, and motor activity of the honeybee Apis mellifera. This study determined the lethal dose (LD50) and the lethal concentration (LC50) for Africanized honeybee and evaluated the toxicity of a sublethal dose of fipronil on neuron metabolic activity by way of histochemical analysis using cytochrome oxidase detection in brains from worker bees of different ages. In addition, the present study investigated the recovery mechanism by discontinuing the oral exposure to fipronil. The results showed that mushroom bodies of aged Africanized honeybees are affected by fipronil, which causes changes in metabolism by increasing the respiratory activity of mitochondria. In antennal lobes, the sublethal dose of fipronil did not cause an increase in metabolic activity. The recovery experiments showed that discontinued exposure to a diet contaminated with fipronil did not lead to recovery of neural activity. Our results show that even at very low concentrations, fipronil is harmful to honeybees and can induce several types of injuries to honeybee physiology. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Motor intervention in children with school learning difficulties

This study sought to evaluate motor development in children aged 6 to 11 years with learning difficulties and school characteristics of delayed motor development, before and after application of a motor intervention program. The sample consisted of 28 children with a mean age of 107.21 ± 16.56 months, who were evaluated by the Motor Development Scale and received motor intervention for 6 months, followed by reassessment. We observed a statistically significant difference between the average of the motor activity ratios in all areas of the evaluation and reevaluation. Also verified in the evaluation were the concentration ratios of children with motor activity greater than or equal to 80 and there was a revaluation increase in this concentration on re-evaluation, the areas with the greatest increase in concentration and significant differences being: Body Schema, Space and temporal Organization. In the overall evaluation of MDS, most children presented the classification of low normal. However, in the reassessment most have evolved into the average normal, only 4 of themremaining in the same classification. Therefore, in this study, children with learning disabilities also showed motor deficits and the intervention applied contributed to an increase in the motor ratios with consequent improvement in motor development. Besides psychopedagogical asistance, it is essential to reassess them and if necessary apply the intervention in the motor development of children with learning difficulties.

Saberes e práticas de uma professora alfabetizadora bem sucedida

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Teoria da formação das ações mentais por etapas, de P. Galperin, e o processo de humanização

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Oportunidades de aprender sobre pesquisa na iniciação científica júnior de uma bolsista no Clube de Ciências da UFPA

Após constatar o sucesso da iniciação científica na graduação, recentemente, as agências de fomento estenderam o financiamento de bolsas para a Iniciação Científica Junior (ICJ). Ainda são pouco conhecidas as especificidades do processo de ensino e aprendizagem neste contexto. Neste sentido, o objetivo da presente dissertação foi realizar um estudo de caso, acompanhando uma díade orientadora-bolsista de ICJ ao longo de um ano, caracterizando as principais oportunidades de aprender e produzir sentidos subjetivos sobre a pesquisa e sobre a natureza da atividade científica. A professora-orientadora e a estudante do ensino fundamental, participavam do Clube de Ciências da Universidade Federal do Pará e tinham um projeto de pesquisa aprovado e subsidiado financeiramente pela Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Pará (FAPESPA). O objetivo do projeto era estudar o uso de inseticidas naturais para o controle da proliferação de gorgulhos no milho. Constituí meus dados através de entrevistas com as participantes, filmagens dos encontros de orientação e eventos científicos, relatórios técnicos que enviaram à FAPESPA e diário mantido pela bolsista. Triangulando as informações obtidas, descrevi as principais atividades da ICJ, levando em conta os sentidos que elas tiveram para a bolsista. Com base nessa descrição, caracterizei as principais oportunidades que a estudante teve de aprender ou produzir sentido subjetivo sobre pesquisa e ciência. Identifiquei traços de crescimento pessoal e de relacionamento interpessoal; desenvolvimento das capacidades de ler, discutir, argumentar, relatar e falar em público, além da ampliação do conhecimento sobre a prática experimental. Nesta experiência, a bolsista teve a oportunidade de significar o conhecimento científico como uma construção coletiva, contextualizada e em processo, que implica em problematizações de conhecimentos anteriores e cujas decisões precisam ser justificadas. Entretanto, como o conhecimento produzido em sua pesquisa não foi derivado nem suficientemente interpretado a partir de modelos teóricos, a experiência oportunizou a bolsista conceber a produção do conhecimento científico em uma perspectiva empírico-indutivista.