La Administración del General Don Juan Antonio Pezet en la República del Perú.

Mode of access: Internet.

Llibres facil de comptes fets : ab lo qual se pot traurer tota especie de comptes de tota moneda, per enter, ò trencat, tenint present los exemples que à est fi se han anyadit : recopilació de las obras de Fr. Barreme ... : obra utilisima à tot oficial de thesorería, empressaris, negociants y pagesos, encara que no sapian lo art de arismetica

Mode of access: Internet.

Suplemento á la quinologia : en el qual se aumentan las especies de quina nuevamente descubiertas en el Perú por Don Juan Tafalla, y la quina naranjada de Santa Fé con su estampa : añadese la respuesta á la Memoria de las Quinas de Santa Fé, que insertó Don Francisco Zea en los Anales de Historia Natural, y la satisfacion á los reparos ... del ciudadano Jussieu sobre los géneros del pródromo de la Flora del Perú y Chile /

Mode of access: Internet.

Réplica apologética y satisfactoria al defensorio del M.R.P.Fr. Juan de Marimón ... /

Suplemento de la replica apologetica y satisfactoria.

Examen medicum per dialogos, juxta antiquorum, & recentiorum placita, ut Tyronibus prodesse queat /

Mode of access: Internet.

A voyage to South America; describing at large the Spanish cities, towns, provinces, &c. on that extensive continent: undertaken, by command of the king of Spain, by Don George Juan, and Don Antonio de Ulloa ... Translated from the original Spanish; with notes and observations; and an account of the Brazils.

The account of the scientific work of the expedition, written by Jorge Juan y Santacilia, was published separately, Madrid, 1748, under title: Observaciones astronomicas, y phisicas hechas ... en los reynos del Perú ... It is not included in this translation.

Viaje pintoresco á las dos Américas, Asia y África : resúmen jeneral de los viajes y descubrimientos de Colon, Magallanes, Las Casas, Gomara, La Condamine, Ulloa, Jorge Juan, Humboldt, Molina, Cabot, Grijalva, Koempfer, Marco Polo, Forster, Chardin, Tournefort, Volney, In Loubére, Chateaubriand, Caillé, Lander, etc., etc. /

Mode of access: Internet.

Descriptio itineris per Helvetiam Galliam et Germaniae partem ann. 1773 et 1774 institui.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Devil and Views on the “Other” in Part One of Pedro Cieza de León’s "Crónica del Perú" (1553)

Many 16th century Spanish chroniclers and missionaries, arriving at what they interpreted as a New World, saw the Devil as a “hermeneutic wildcard” that allowed them to comprehend indigenous religions. Pedro Cieza de León, a soldier in the conquest of Peru, is a case in point. Cieza considers the Devil responsible for the most aberrant religious practices and customs of the Indians, although he views the natives in a positive light, as men susceptible to divine salvation. From a providentialist perspective of the history of the conquest, Cieza interprets that the evangelization and conversion of the Indians and the implantation of Christian civilization by the Spanish Crown, were able to defeat the Devil.

Asentamientos informales. Progetto per un modulo abitativo temporaneo in autocostruzione nel distretto di San Juan de Miraflores, Lima.

Dalla seconda metà del Novecento, il movimento migratorio della popolazione dalle Ande verso le aree marginali di Lima ha provocato la formazione di vasti insediamenti informali, detti asentamientos informales, che oggi si estendono senza soluzione di continuità dalla costa oceanica fino alle pendici delle montagne. La tesi intende fornire una risposta all’emergenza abitativa degli asentamientos informales attraverso il progetto di un’unità modulare temporanea realizzata in autocostruzione e con materiali reperibili in loco. L’unità abitativa è definita da due moduli distinti: un modulo casa, ideato per sostituire abitazioni fatiscenti o accogliere nuovi immigrati o sfollati a seguito di catastrofi naturali, e un modulo servizi, dotato di cucina e servizi igienici, per subentrare alle latrine a fossa attualmente diffuse. Il lavoro si suddivide nelle fasi analitica e progettuale. La prima sezione indaga lo sviluppo urbano della città di Lima, la vita degli abitanti degli asentamientos informales della città e lo stato dell’arte nel campo delle tecniche costruttive locali. La seconda fase, invece, è finalizzata alla progettazione del modulo abitativo da inserire, come sperimentazione pilota, nel distretto di San Juan de Miraflores a Lima. Il progetto, tenendo in considerazione limiti e caratteristiche del contesto, aspira a sviluppare una soluzione capace di garantire alle comunità che abitano gli asentamientos degli spazi abitativi dotati di maggiore comfort. Il modulo abitativo è ideato per essere realizzato in autocostruzione da manodopera non specializzata e le modalità di assemblaggio sono riportate in un apposito manuale allegato. Un valore aggiunto al lavoro di ricerca è dato dall’esperienza svolta, in collaborazione con l’Associazione DNADD, presso un cantiere di un centro comunitario in autocostruzione a Lima. Il cantiere è servito come luogo di sperimentazione di materiali e tecniche costruttive idonee all’autocostruzione.

The Lea Grating Test In Assessing Detection Grating Acuity In Normal Infants Less Than 4 Months Of Age.

To assess binocular detection grating acuity using the LEA GRATINGS test to establish age-related norms in healthy infants during their first 3 months of life. In this prospective, longitudinal study of healthy infants with clear red reflex at birth, responses to gratings were measured at 1, 2, and 3 months of age using LEA gratings at a distance of 28 cm. The results were recorded as detection grating acuity values, which were arranged in frequency tables and converted to a one-octave scale for statistical analysis. For the repeated measurements, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the detection grating acuity results between ages. A total of 133 infants were included. The binocular responses to gratings showed development toward higher mean values and spatial frequencies, ranging from 0.55 ± 0.70 cycles per degree (cpd), or 1.74 ± 0.21 logMAR, in month 1 to 3.11 ± 0.54 cpd, or 0.98 ± 0.16 logMAR, in month 3. Repeated ANOVA indicated differences among grating acuity values in the three age groups. The LEA GRATINGS test allowed assessment of detection grating acuity and its development in a cohort of healthy infants during their first 3 months of life.

Both beta(2)- and beta(1)-adrenergic receptors mediate hastened relaxation and phosphorylation of phospholamban and troponin I in ventricular myocardium of fallot infants, consistent with selective coupling of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors to G(s)-protein

Background-In adult human heart, both beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors mediate hastening of relaxation; however, it is unknown whether this also occurs in infant heart. We compared the effects of stimulation of beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors on relaxation and phosphorylation of phospholamban and troponin I in ventricle obtained from infants with tetralogy of Fallot. Methods and Results-Myocardium dissected from the right ventricular outflow tract of 27 infants (age range 2-1/2 to 35 months) with tetralogy of Fallot was set up to contract 60 times per minute. Selective stimulation of beta(1)-adrenergic receptors with (-)-norepinephrine (NE) and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors with (-)-epinephrine (EPI) evoked phosphorylation of phospholamban (at serine-16 and threonine-17) and troponin I and caused concentration-dependent increases in contractile force (-log EC50 [mol/L] NE 5.5+/-0.1, n=12; -EPI 5.6+/-0.1, n=13 patients), hastening of the time to reach peak force (-log EC50 [mol/L] NE 5.8+/--0.2; EPI 5.8+/-0.2) and 50% relaxation (-log EC50 [mol/L] NE 5.7+/-0.2: EPI 5.8+/-0.1), Ventricular membranes from Fallot infants, labeled with (-)-[I-125]-cyanopindolol, revealed a greater percentage of beta(1)- (71%) than beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (29%). Binding of (-)-epinephrine to beta(2)-receptors underwent greater GTP shifts than binding of (-)-norepinephrine to beta(1)-receptors. Conclusions-Despite their low density, beta(2)-adrenergic receptors are nearly as effective as beta(1)-adrenergic receptors of infant Fallot ventricle in enhancing contraction, relaxation, and phosphorylation of phospholamban and troponin I, consistent with selective coupling to G(s)-protein.

Red Blood Cell Transfusions are Independently Associated with Intra-Hospital Mortality in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants

Objective To test the hypothesis that red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in preterm infants are associated with increased intra-hospital mortality. Study design Variables associated with death were studied with Cox regression analysis in a prospective cohort of preterm infants with birth weight <1500 g in the Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research. Intra-hospital death and death after 28 days of life were analyzed as dependent variables. Independent variables were infant demographic and clinical characteristics and RBC transfusions. Results Of 1077 infants, 574 (53.3%) received at least one RBC transfusion during the hospital stay. The mean number of transfusions per infant was 3.3 +/- 3.4, with 2.1 +/- 2.1 in the first 28 days of life. Intra-hospital death occurred in 299 neonates (27.8%), and 60 infants (5.6%) died after 28 days of life. After adjusting for confounders, the relative risk of death during hospital stay was 1.49 in infants who received at least one RBC transfusion in the first 28 days of life, compared with infants who did not receive a transfusion. The risk of death after 28 days of life was 1.89 times higher in infants who received more than two RBC transfusions during their hospital stay, compared with infants who received one or two transfusions. Conclusion Transfusion was associated with increased death, and transfusion guidelines should consider risks and benefits of transfusion. (J Pediatr 2011; 159: 371-6).