Collective bargaining and faculty unionization: An administrative perspective

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to gain insight into the perspectives of experienced higher education administrators regarding faculty unionization, the collective bargaining process, and the interpersonal relationships between higher education faculty members and administrators. ^ The primary method of data collection was semi-structured face to face interviews with nine administrators from two community colleges and two universities in the south Florida area. All of the study participants worked with unionized faculty members and had direct experience participating in bargaining negotiations. ^ Upon the completion of each interview, the researcher listened to the taped audio recording of the interview several times and then transcribed all of the information from the audiotape into a Word file. Data collection and analysis for each participant were performed concurrently. Using a modified concept mapping approach, the research questions were written on large yellow sticky notes and placed in the middle of a wall in the researcher’s home with nine descriptive categorical themes written on smaller sticky notes placed around the study questions. The highlighted quotes and key phrases were cut from each transcript and placed under each of the descriptive categories. Over the course of a few months repeatedly reviewing the research questions that guided this study, the theory of symbolic interactionism, and relevant literature the categorical descriptive themes were refined and condensed into five descriptive themes. ^ Study findings indicated that the administrators: (a) must have a clear understanding of what it is that the faculty does to be an effective representative at the bargaining table, (b) experienced role ambiguity and role strain related to a lack of understanding as to their role at the bargaining table and a lack of organizational support, (c) were not offered any type of training in preparation for bargaining, (d) perceived a definite “us versus them” mentality between faculty and administration, and (e) saw faculty collective bargaining at public institutions of higher education in Florida as ineffectual. ^

A hermeneutic phenomenology of graduate education students' understandings of instructor power in a higher education classroom

Higher education is a distribution center of knowledge and economic, social, and cultural power (Cervero & Wilson, 2001). A critical approach to understanding a higher education classroom begins with recognizing the instructor's position of power and authority (Tisdell, Hanley, & Taylor, 2000). The power instructors wield exists mostly unquestioned, allowing for teaching practices that reproduce the existing societal patterns of inequity in the classroom (Brookfield, 2000). ^ The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to explore students' experiences with the power of their instructors in a higher education classroom. A hermeneutic phenomenological study intertwines the interpretations of both the participants and the researcher about a lived experience to uncover layers of meaning because the meanings of lived experiences are usually not readily apparent (van Manen, 1990). Fifteen participants were selected using criterion, convenience, and snowball sampling. The primary data gathering method were semi-structured interviews guided by an interview protocol (Creswell, 2003). Data were interpreted using thematic reflection (van Manen, 1990). ^ Three themes emerged from data interpretation: (a) structuring of instructor-student relationships, (b) connecting power to instructor personality, and (c) learning to navigate the terrains of higher education. How interpersonal relationships were structured in a higher education classroom shaped how students perceived power in that higher education classroom. Positive relationships were described using the metaphor of family and a perceived ethic of caring and nurturing by the instructor. As participants were consistently exposed to exercises of instructor power in a higher education classroom, they attributed those exercises of power to particular instructor traits rather than systemic exercises of power. As participants progressed from undergraduate to graduate studies, they perceived the benefits of expertise in content or knowledge development as secondary to expertise in successfully navigating the social, cultural, political, and interpersonal terrains of higher education. Ultimately, participants expressed that higher education is not about what you know; it is about learning how to play the game. Implications for teaching in higher education and considerations for future research conclude the study.^

A influência do conforto luminoso na satisfação dos profissionais que atuam no ginásio do Centro de Reabilitação Infantil, Natal-RN

This study addresses the environmental quality in therapeutic spaces for children's rehabilitation. The assumption that space is active and interfere in interpersonal relationships, highlights the importance of natural light to the hospital architecture, to foster the creation of environments that encourage and assist in the recovery of patients in the rehabilitation process. Therefore, interferes with health humanization through positive actions in the physiological and emotional effects of natural light, as facilitators of the health recovery process. In Brazil hospital openings systems projects are built exclusively to follow requirements of the local construction code which do not consider the landscape, but only ventilation and heat stroke; and the luminance levels are treated just as recommendations for artificial lighting. The National Policy for Healthcare Humanization presents the environmental comfort as a priority. However, it does not guidelines for achieving it. In this context this research aims to evaluate the lighting comfort in infant therapeutic areas from the professional satisfaction, in order to identify human preferences on the variables: technical and constructive aspects, relationship with the exterior, internal visual interface and quality elements. With this purpose it was adopted as research strategy the Post-Occupancy Evaluation (Technical Functional) through a multi method approach, which included a case study in the rehabilitation gym of Children Rehabilitation Center, at Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, and a reference study at SARAH Rehabilitation Center, Fortaleza Unit at Ceará, both in Brazil northeast. The results indicate that the definition of openings systems should consider external and internal factors to the building, as the natural landscape, the immediate surroundings and activities to be performed. The POE found out the preference of the professional visual privacy in detriment to other analyzed aspects. Thus, it is expected that this study can contribute to the discussion of luminous quality and generate inputs for future projects or renovations in the Children's Rehabilitation Centers, which should not be projected as hospitals

Adiamento da aposentadoria e o significado do trabalho para servidores de uma universidade federal

This study investigated the intention of the older workers to continue working after state pension age/time. On this way, it explores the relation between this intention and factors related with the meanings of the work and retirement. Specifically, it was examined that factors related to work and non-work are predictors of the intention to continue working, and it was explored if meanings of retirement are linked to this decision. It is a crosssectional mixed methods study, using a survey conducted with 283 federal civil servants of a federal Northeastern University which were near retirement. It envolved an on-line questionnaire, with open-ended questions and the likert-type scale "Older Worker's Intention to Continue Working" (OWICW) of Shacklock and Brunneto (2011), which was validated to the Brazilian version. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics, specifically procedures for comparing means and coefficients of multiple logistic regression. The qualitative data were analyzed using the lexicographical technique Descending Hierarchical Classification. The findings indicate that most participants want to continue in paid work, and that perception of personal autonomy at work, interpersonal relationships at work, interests outside of work, and flexible working arrangements are significant predictors of intention to continue working. Furthermore, the perception of personal autonomy at work, flexible working arrangements, and the financial incentives are predictors of decision to postpone retirement and remain in the organization. The analysis revealed five patterns of meanings of retirement: "worker's right", "resting", "idle time at home", "new stage in the life course", and "enjoy the use of time”. The decision to postpone retirement is linked to idleness and lack of substitutionary activities work, and the decision to stop working linked to retirement as a life with more quality. The study provides information that can contribute with management policies before the process of retirement decision.

Da voz que cala ao corpo que fala: o assédio moral no ambiente de trabalho como desafio para o serviço social

The changes ocurred in the world of capitalist labor, especially from the last decades of the 20th century, accentuated the process of manipulation and domination of the working class, materialized mainly through naturalization and / or trivialization of violence, conducted in the work environment. From this process, emerge the elements of bullying, that is, the embarrassing and humiliating practices which extend through time, degrading human race, and becoming fruitful object for study, debate and the intervention of the professionals of the Social Service area. Thus, we assume the perspective of analyzing the concepts and the work of social workers, whom work at people management area before the bullying in the workplace. We propose the following objectives: apprehend the settings of bullying, in the contemporary context of competitiveness and flexibility of work, as well as its implications for workers' health; characterize the background of this expression of violence at work in the municipality of Natal- RN; and analyze the powers and duties of the social worker in the process of prevention, identification and addressing of bullying in the context of work. This study consisted of a qualitative approach, based on the dialectical-critical method as soon as we adopt methodological procedures such as: theoretical knowledge, documental and field research, and performed using semi-structured interviews. The subjects of this research were nine (09) the Social Service professionals working in personnel management area, in five (5) institutions with legal and branches of different activities, located in Natal-RN. Even interviewed one (01) representative of the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte Office (MPT-RN). The findings of this analysis indicate that bullying is a contemporary expression of "social question", which is presented as a demand for the Social-assistants – covered up and / or camuflage – under the guise of problems related to workers' health or mere conflicts of interpersonal relationships, that is, without any causal connection with the organization of work. The fear of losing job, not to be inserted in the labor market, and / or suffering reprisals, deepens the subject levels of the victims of bullying. Hence the importance of Social Workers are capable to understand the social reality, by preventing and combating the elements of bullying.

Preferencias, dedicación y problemáticas generadas por los videojuegos: Una perspectiva de género

Entre las actividades de ocio de los/as jóvenes, cabe mencionar las asociadas con los videojuegos. Por ello, la finalidad central de este estudio es analizar las preferencias del colectivo de adolescentes con los videojuegos, así como conocer su dedicación y problemáticas que generan, teniendo en cuenta principalmente la variable de género. El presente trabajo se encuadra en un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo-cualitativo, a partir de la recogida de datos con un cuestionario y la técnica del grupo de discusión. En el estudio han participado un total de 151 adolescentes. 124 a partir de la aplicación de un cuestionario cerrado (62 hombres y 62 mujeres) y 27 a través de la realización de 6 grupos de discusión (17 hombres y 10 mujeres). Como resultados y conclusiones, cabe destacar la existencia diferenciada en el uso de los videojuegos en función de la edad y por razón de género. A su vez, las mujeres muestran una responsabilidad mayor en esta actividad, tanto en el tiempo de dedicación como en la elección. Los chicos destinan una gran cantidad de tiempo a los videojuegos de contenido violento, mientras las chicas prefieren los de estrategia. En general, el juego con videojuegos no genera problemáticas sustanciales y controversias, aunque algunos participantes reflejan manifestaciones de mal humor. Por último, cabe indicar que las prácticas con los videojuegos en la adolescencia se ciñen al mero hecho de divertirse, desperdiciando las posibilidades educativas que esta actividad ofrece.

A Casa na Mala do Carro: flexibilidade e mobilidade geográfica como condição de trabalho da equipa de divulgação do Dia da Defesa Nacional

A flexibilidade é o conceito mais apropriado para descrever as práticas de gestão das organizações num contexto extremamente incerto e cambiante como o atual; emerge como um conceito heterogéneo, frequentemente, associado às noções de polivalência, disponibilidade, adaptabilidade, insegurança, mobilidade e instabilidade profissional. Robert Boyer (1986) foi quem denunciou, logo na década de 1980, o lado precário da flexibilidade, falando em “flexibilidade danosa”. Charles Tilly (1976) avançou o conceito de career migration, indagando o facto de os trabalhadores poderem ser deslocados de locais de trabalho para servirem os interesses da organização, subordinando-lhe os seus interesses privados. Este estudo analisou uma equipa de trabalho que está vinculada à organização militar através de um contrato por tempo determinado e que se encontra em constantes deslocações (mobilidade geográfica) no desempenho das suas funções. Trata-se da equipa do Projeto do Dia da Defesa Nacional (PDDN), constituída por 42 oficiais. Tendo em conta esta realidade, perspetivou-se conhecer a especificidade das condições de trabalho deste grupo de profissionais, problematizando especificamente as consequências positivas e negativas deste tipo de funções e a maneira como avaliam a sua situação, procurando conhecer os impactos desta forma de flexibilidade laboral. Questionou-se, em particular, os impactos da mobilidade geográfica permanente a nível da conciliação entre as várias esferas de vida, das estratégias de adaptação a cada equipa, a cada centro, às diferentes realidades militares, às diferentes cidades; questionaram-se os impactos do tipo de vínculo em termos de expetativas e estratégias profissionais, de acesso a formação e outros mecanismos de desenvolvimento profissional, do sentimento de pertença à organização, do ambiente de trabalho e das relações interpessoais, do apoio prestado pela supervisão; e também se procurou compreender as diferenças entre estes oficiais (contratados) e o pessoal do quadro permanente (QP) das Forças Armadas. Através de um inquérito por questionário e da realização de 9 entrevistas em profundidade foi possível conhecer a forma como refletem e avaliam as suas condições de trabalho, os efeitos da precariedade do seu vínculo quer na própria organização militar quer em termos de expetativas e projetos socioprofissionais, explorando-se os impactos da mobilidade geográfica permanente (mensal) nas várias esferas de vida das pessoas da equipa. / Flexibility is the concept most appropriated to describe the management practices in a highly uncertain and changing context like the present; it appears as a heterogeneous concept often associated with concepts of versatility, availability, adaptability, insecurity, professional mobility and instability. Robert Boyer (1986) denounced, then in the 1980s, the poor side of flexibility, talking of "harmful flexibility." Charles Tilly (1976) advanced the concept of “career migration”, questioning the fact that workers can be displaced from the workplace to serve the organization's interests, subordinating their own private interests. This work studied a working team that is tied to the military organization through a fixed-term contract and is in constant movement (geographical mobility) in the performance of their duties. That’s the team of Projeto do Dia da Defesa Nacional (PDDN) consisting of 42 officers. Given this reality, it sought to know the specific working conditions of this group of professionals, specifically questioning the positive and negative consequences of this kind of functions and the way they evaluate their situation, trying to understand the impacts of this form of labor flexibility. It was questioned, in particular, the impact of geographical mobility at the level of permanent reconciliation between the various spheres of life, adaptation strategies, to different cities teams, centers and military realities; questioned the impacts in terms of expectations and professional strategies, access to training and other forms of professional development, the sense of belonging to the organization, the work environment and interpersonal relationships, the support provided by supervision; and also it sought to understand the differences between these officers (hired) and the staff of the permanent (QP) of the Armed Forces. Through a survey and nine in-depth interviews we were able to understand how professionals reflect and evaluate their working conditions, the effects of the precarity either in military organization and also in terms of their expectations and socioprofessional projects, exploring the impacts of geographical mobility (monthly) in the different spheres of life.

Redes Sociais Pessoais de Idosos, Satisfação com as Relações Interpessoais e Confiança

Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo geral caracterizar as redes sociais pessoais dos idosos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, analisando-as segundo o nível de satisfação com as relações interpessoais e a confiança nos outros. Metodologia: Este é um estudo descritivo e correlacional, privilegiando a análise bivariada. Os dados foram recolhidos através do Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social Pessoal, IARSP-Idosos (Guadalupe, 2009; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012) e de uma escala de avaliação da Satisfação com as Relações Interpessoais, construída para o efeito, e de uma questão relacionada com a Confiança. Participantes: A amostra é constituída por 446 indivíduos, maioritariamente do sexo feminino (n=285; 63,9%), com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e os 98 anos; a maioria tem filhos (n = 389; 87,2%), e cerca de 80,0% (n = 357) vivem na sua casa, sendo a zona de residência essencialmente rural (61,2%; n = 273). A maioria tem escolaridade (65,9%; n = 294), sobretudo ao nível do quarto ano (n= 226; 50,7%). Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que os idosos do sexo feminino, com ≤ 75 anos, casado/a ou em união de fato, com filhos, que vivem acompanhados, com o 4ª ano de escolaridade e que não registam qualquer corte relacional, são os que mais confiam nos outros. Registam-se diferenças nas características funcionais da rede segundo esta variável, o que não acontece nas estruturais, com a exceção da proporção das relações com técnicos (p = 0,042) e nas relacionais-contextuais. A confiança nas pessoas com quem se relaciona correlaciona-se de forma positiva e estatisticamente significativa com a satisfação com os filhos, com os netos, com outros parentes, com os amigos e com os vizinhos (p<0,001). Conclusões: Numerosas variáveis sociodemográficas não aparentam estar relacionadas com a confiança nas pessoas com quem os idosos se relacionam, nas múltiplas dimensões consideradas. Em contrapartida, as variáveis que aparecem relacionadas com a confiança, são aquelas que, de forma mais ou menos direta, estão igualmente associadas ao domínio pessoal. É de salientar que no que respeita a esta variável se verificam diferenças nas características funcionais da rede o que não acontece nas estruturais e nas relacionais-contextuais. As relações familiares de filhos, netos e outros parentes são as que mais se associam à confiança e ao apoio social percebido pelos idosos, o qual é complementado por outras relações interpessoais, designadamente as que são estabelecidas com amigos e vizinhos. / Objetives: This study has the general objective to characterize the personal social networks of the elderly aged over 65 years, analyzing them according to the level of satisfaction with interpersonal relationships and trust in others. Methodology: This is a descriptive and correlational study, focusing on bivariate analysis. Data were collected through the Personal Social Networks Analysis Tool, IARSP-Elderly (Guadalupe, 2009; Vicente & Guadalupe, 2012) and a scale measuring satisfaction with interpersonal relations, purpose built, and a question related to the trust. Participants: The sample includes 446 individuals, mostly female (n = 285; 63,9%), aged between 65 and 98 years old; most have sons/daughters (n = 389; 87,2%), and about 80,0% (n = 357) are living in their home, mostly in rural areas (61,2%, n = 273). The majority have education (65,9%, n = 294), especially at the level of the fourth year (n = 226; 50,7%). Results: The results show that the elderly female, with <= 75, married, with children, living together, with the 4th grade, and did not record any relational cut, are the ones that rely in the others. We found differences in the functional characteristics of the network according to this variable, what does not happen on the structural variables, with the exception of the proportion of relations with workers in social services (p = 0,042), and on the relational-contextual. The confidence in the people he meets, correlates positively and statistically significant satisfaction with the children, with grandchildren, other relatives, friends and neighbors (p <0,001) Conclusions: Numerous sociodemographic variables do not appear to be related to trust in the interpersonal relationship, in the multiple dimensions considered. In contrast, the variables which appear related to trust are those which are associated with the personal domain. It is noteworthy that we have found differences in the functional characteristics of the network but not in the structural and the relational-contextual. Family relationships of children, grandchildren and other relatives are the most associated to the confidence and social support perceived by the elderly, which is complemented by other interpersonal relationships, including those with established friends and neighbors.

Redes Sociais Pessoais e Mobilidade em Idosos

Objetivos: A investigação tem como objetivo geral analisar a associação entre a mobilidade nos idosos e as características estruturais, funcionais e relacionais-contextuais das suas redes sociais pessoais. Metodologia: No nosso estudo utilizámos o Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social Pessoal, IARSP, versão idosos (IARSP Idosos de Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012; Guadalupe, 2009), que permite caracterizar a rede social pessoal do individuo e uma questão do WHOQOL (OMS; Canavarro et al., 2006) para avaliar a perceção de mobilidade. Participantes: A amostra é constituída por 446 idosos com idades compreendidas entre os 65 anos e os 98 anos. Os participantes são na sua maioria do sexo feminino (63,9%; n = 285), casados (51,6%; n = 230) e com escolaridade (65,9%; n = 294). Resultados: Verifica-se que são os idosos do sexo feminino, os casados e com escolaridade, aqueles que apresentam uma média mais elevada de mobilidade percebida. Constata-se que existe uma maior proporção de idosos cuja mobilidade é “boa ou muito boa” (48,2%; n = 215) em comparação com os que têm uma mobilidade “nem boa nem má” (26,5%; n = 118) e com os que a mobilidade é “má ou muito má” (25,3%; n = 113). Quanto às características estruturais, os idosos que apresentam melhor mobilidade percebida têm uma média mais elevada na proporção das relações familiares nas redes (M = 77%), quanto às características funcionais, na companhia social (M = 2,37), apesar de não existirem diferenças significativas, e na reciprocidade de apoio (M = 3,53; p= 0,002), e consideram estar muito satisfeitos com a rede (M = 2,87, p= 0,059), quando tais características comparadas com as dos idosos com pior mobilidade. Verificam-se também diferenças entre as subamostras quer no apoio material e instrumental (M = 2,30; p = 0,013) e no apoio informativo (M = 2,44; p = 0,001), registando o grupo das pessoas com pior mobilidade as médias mais baixas. Quanto às características relacionais contextuais, na durabilidade das relações, os sujeitos com mobilidade “má ou muito má” apresentam uma média mais elevada (M = 42,41 anos; p = 0,025). Conclusão: Segundo a pior ou melhor mobilidade, é nas características funcionais que se assinalam as principais diferenças estatisticamente significativas, o que nos permitem afirmar uma associação entre mobilidade nos idosos e as relações interpessoais, pelo conteúdo das relações e pelo apoio que percecionam. Concluímos que os idosos que se consideram com melhor mobilidade apresentam, na generalidade, características de rede social mais positivas quando comparados com os que têm menor mobilidade percebida. /Objectives: The main goal of the research is to analyze the association between mobility in the elderly and the structural, functional and relational-contextual characteristics of their personal social networks. Methodology: In our study, we used the Social Personal Network Assessment Tool – IARSP , elderly version (IARSP-Idosos of Guadalupe Vicente, 2012; Guadalupe, 2009), enabling an individual's personal social network and a question of WHOQOL (WHO; Canavarro and such, 2006) to evaluate their perception of functionality of mobility. Participants: The study has 446 elderly participants aged between 65 years and 98 years. Participants are mostly female (63,9%; N = 285), married (51,6%; N = 230) and with education (65,9%; N = 294). Results: We found that older women, married and with education are those with a better mobility. It is noted that there is a greater proportion of elderly people whose mobility is "good or very good" (48.2%, n = 215) compared to those with a mobility "neither good nor bad" (26.5%, n = 118) and the mobility is "bad or very bad" (25.3%; n = 113). Regarding the structural characteristics, seniors who have better perceived mobility have a higher average in the proportion of family relationships in networks (M = 77%; p 0,331), and for the functional characteristics as social company (2, 37; p = 0,418), reciprocal support (3.53; p = 0.002), and satisfaction with their network (M = 2.87; p = 0.059) when these characteristics are compared with those of older people with poor mobility. Exist also statistically significant differences between subsamples either in the material and instrumental support (M = 2.30; p = 0.013) and informational support (M = 2.44; p = 0.001), recording the group of people with poorest mobility. For the relational and contextual characteristics, individuals with mobility "bad or very bad" have a higher mean durability of relationships (M = 42.41; p = 0.025). Conclusion: According to better or worse mobility, the functional characteristics indicates major differences between subsamples, that allow us to assert an association between mobility in the elderly and the content of interpersonal relationships, as well as the perception of support. We conclude that the elderly who consider themselves to have better mobility in general, have more positive social networking features when compared to those with lower perceived mobility.

Rede Social Pessoal, Qualidade de Vida e Depressão em Idosos

Em Portugal e no Mundo Ocidental a população está a envelhecer, colocando esta nova realidade enormes desafios à sociedade. A sua crescente relevância deve-se sobretudo às consideráveis repercussões a nível pessoal, familiar, sociopolítico e económico e que afetam pessoas de todas as idades e a sociedade como um todo, colocando desafios específicos relativamente às relações interpessoais, à qualidade de vida e à saúde mental na pessoa idosa. Deste modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre a qualidade de vida, a depressão e as características das redes sociais pessoais dos idosos. Participaram no estudo 317 indivíduos, sendo 202 do sexo feminino e 115 do sexo masculino, com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, com uma média de 77 anos (DP=7,57). Na recolha de dados recorremos a três instrumentos: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS Short Form 15), (Yesavage et al., 1983; Almeida & Almeida, 1999); Instrumento de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida da OMS (WHOQOL), (OMS, 1998; Canavarro et al., 2006); Instrumento de Avaliação das Redes Sociais Pessoais (IARSP – Idosos), (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012). Dos resultados destacamos que as características funcionais da rede social pessoal se diferenciaram de forma estatisticamente significativa entre as subamostras de idosos segundo os níveis de qualidade de vida percebida. Saliente-se que, além da relação significativa entre a depressão e qualidade de vida, em que os idosos com um nível mais baixo de qualidade de vida percebida apresentam maiores níveis de depressão (p<0,001), as características funcionais das redes sociais apresentam uma associação clara com a qualidade de vida (p<0,005) e a maioria com a depressão (p<0,014), o que não acontece com as estruturais e com as relacionais-contextuais. Outros resultados indicam que indivíduos com diferentes níveis de qualidade de vida percebida possuem uma estrutura idêntica da rede social pessoal. Ao nível da análise da associação entre as variáveis funcionais da Rede Social Pessoal, Qualidade de Vida e Depressão, o modelo analítico transmite-nos indicadores de investigação e intervenção precisos, o que demonstra a necessidade da continuidade e aprofundamento do presente estudo num âmbito amostral mais alargado e heterogéneo. / In Portugal and in the eastern world, the aging of population creates huge challenges to societies. It's growing relevance is owed to considerable repercussions on the personal, familiar, socio-politic and economic level that affect people of all ages and society as a whole, creating specific challenges regarding interpersonal relationships, quality of life and mental health of the elderly. The current work has the objective of analyzing the association between quality of life, depression and the characteristics of personal social networks of the elderly. 317 individuals have participated in this study, 202 female and 115 male, with age equal or above 65 years old, with an average of 77 years old (DP=7,57). We used three assessment instruments to collect data: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS Short Form 15), (Yesavage et al., 1983; Almeida & Almeida, 1999); WHO’s Quality of Life Evaluation instrument (WHOQOL) (WHO, 1998; Canavarro et al., 2006); Personal Social Network Analysis Tool (IARSP-Elderly),(Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012). The results show that the functional personal network characteristics are significantly different according to their level of quality of life. It should also be noted that not only there is a significant association between depression and quality of life, in which elderly people with a lower quality of life level show higher levels of depression (p<0,001), there is also a clear association between the functional social network characteristics and quality of life (p<0,005), and the majority with depression (p<0,014), which doesn’t happen with structural and relational-contextual social network characteristics. Other results indicate that different levels of quality of life acquire an identical social network structure. On the matter of association between the functional variables of social networks, quality of fife and depression, the analytic model shows precise indicators of research and intervention, which instills us a need to continue and enlarge this study with an wider and more heterogeneous sample.

Satisfação com a Vida e Redes Sociais Pessoais de Idosos

Objetivos: A investigação tem como objetivo geral analisar a associação entre a satisfação com a vida nos idosos e as características estruturais, funcionais e relacionais-contextuais das suas redes sociais pessoais. Metodologia: A recolha dos dados foi feita através de um questionário sociodemográfico, da Satisfaction With Life Scale – SWLS (Diener, 1985) que permite avaliar o grau de satisfação com a vida e também do Instrumento de Avaliação da Rede Social Pessoal – IARSP – Idosos (Guadalupe, 2009; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012) que possibilita a análise das características das redes sociais pessoais dos idosos. Participantes: A amostra é constituída por 416 idosos com idades compreendidas entre os 65 anos e os 98 anos (M = 76,15; DP = 7,584). Os participantes são de ambos os sexos, mas na sua maioria do sexo feminino (63,7%; n = 265). A maioria dos sujeitos da amostra é casada (51,2%; n = 213) e tem escolaridade (64,2%; n = 267). Resultados: Verifica-se que são as mulheres idosas, os casados e com escolaridade que percebem uma maior satisfação com a vida. Constata-se que existe uma maior proporção de idosos satisfeitos com a vida (53,8%; n = 83) em comparação com os medianamente satisfeitos (26,2%; n = 109) e com os insatisfeitos (20%; n = 83). Os idosos que apresentam uma maior satisfação percebida têm uma média mais elevada na proporção das relações familiares nas redes (M = 80,67), no apoio emocional, material e instrumental, informativo, companhia social, e no acesso a novos vínculos, e consideram estar muito satisfeitos tanto com a rede (M = 2,92) como com o apoio que esta disponibiliza (M = 2,77). Conclusão: Verificaram-se associações estatisticamente significativas nas características estruturais da rede, no entanto são as características funcionais que atestam os principais resultados que nos permitem afirmar uma associação entre satisfação com a vida nos idosos e as relações interpessoais, pelo conteúdo das relações e pelo apoio que percecionam. Concluímos que os idosos que se consideram satisfeitos com a vida apresentavam, na generalidade, características de rede social mais positivas quando comparados com os que percebiam menor satisfação com a vida. / Objectives: The research has as main objective to analyze the association between life satisfaction in the elderly and the structural, functional and relational-contextual characteristics of their personal social networks. Methodology: The data collection was done through a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Satisfaction With Life Scale – SWLS (Diener, 1985) that evaluates the degree of satisfaction with life and also the Personal Social Network Analysis Tool – IARSP – Elderly (Guadalupe, 2009; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012) for the analysis of personal social networks’ characteristics. Participants: The sample consisted of 416 elderly aged between 65 and 98 years (M = 76,15; SD = 7,584). Participants are both genders, but mostly female (63,7%; n =265). Most of the participants are married (51,2%; n = 213) and have education (64,2%; n = 267). Results: It is found that are the older women, married and with education that perceive a greater satisfaction with life. There is a greater proportion of elderly satisfied with the lives (53,8%; n = 83) compared to the moderately satisfied (26,2%; n = 109) and the unsatisfied (20%; n = 83). Seniors who have a higher satisfaction have a higher average in the proportion of family relationships in their networks (M = 80,67), emotional support, material and instrumental, informational, social companionship, and access to new bonds, and consider to be very satisfied with their social network (M = 2,92) and with the social support that it provides (M = 2,77). Conclusion: There were statistically significant associations in the structural characteristics of the network, however are the functional characteristics that allow us to state an association between life satisfaction in the elderly through interpersonal relationships, the content of relations and the support they perceive. We conclude that elderly people who consider themselves satisfied with life showed, in general, have more positive characteristics of social personal network when compared to those who perceive less satisfaction with life.

Redes Sociais Pessoais de Idosos com e sem Filhos

Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objectivo analisar as redes sociais e pessoais de idosos portugueses com filhos e sem filhos, relativamente às características estruturais, funcionais e relacionais-contextuais. Metodologia: Para a avaliação das variáveis em estudo foram utilizados: o Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social Pessoal, versão para idosos (IARSP – Idosos) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012) para avaliar as dimensões da rede social pessoal; um inquérito por questionário para caracterização da amostra a nível sociodemográfico e sociofamiliar. Participantes: A amostra é constituída por 418 idosos, com uma média de idades de 76 anos (DP=7,62), entre os 65 anos e os 98 anos, maioritariamente do sexo feminino (63,9%), casados ou em união facto (51,0%) e com escolaridade (63,9,1%). A maioria dos idosos inquiridos vive com agregado familiar (80,4%) em zonas rurais (64,8) e não usufrui de qualquer tipo de apoio de resposta social (71,5%). Resultados: Os idosos com filhos são maioritários (n=364; 87,1%) e os sem filhos os minoritários (n=54; 12,9%) na nossa amostra. Dos que têm filhos, 29,9% (109) têm filhos únicos e 70,1% (255) têm mais do que um filho (67% com 1 ou 2 filhos), sendo os filhos maioritariamente de ambos os sexos (n=158; 43,4%). Os resultados sugerem que o facto de os idosos terem ou não terem filhos reflete-se sobretudo em diferenças nas características estruturais das redes. Os idosos com filhos apresentam uma média mais elevada no tamanho da rede, na proporção das relações de familiares, e satisfação da rede e reciprocidade de apoio (p ≤ 0,001), a nível das características funcionais. Já relativamente à proporção das relações de amizade, vizinhança na rede, são os idosos sem filhos que apresentam uma média substantivamente mais elevada (p ≤ 0,003) do que a outra subamostra, apresentando também uma maior durabilidade das relações interpessoais (p < 0,03). As correlações entre o número total de filhos/as com as características estruturais e funcionais da rede, indicam-nos que quanto maior é o número de filhos maior é o tamanho da rede, a proporção das relações familiares, o apoio emocional, a reciprocidade de apoio, a satisfação com a rede e com o suporte social. Conclusões: O nosso estudo revela que as redes sociais pessoais dos idosos diferenciam-se a nível estrutural segundo o facto de terem ou não filhos, mas também nalgumas variáveis funcionais. Os idosos com filhos apresentam redes mais alargadas e muito centradas nas relações familiares na rede (sensivelmente menos um terço) do que os idosos sem filhos. Os últimos apresentam redes menores (com cerca de 2 pessoas a menos) e mais investidas nas relações de amizade e de vizinhança (com proporções que representam mais do dobro destes vínculos). / Goals: The present study has the purpose to analyze the personal social networks of Portuguese elder with our without sons/daughters, in their structural, functional and contextual relations. Methodology: We used for the evaluation of the variables: The Personal Social Network Analysis Tool, regarding elderly people (IARSP – elderly people) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012), to evaluate the personal social network dimensions; a survey through an inquiry to characterize the sample at sociodemographic and at sociofamily level. Participants: The sample includes 418 elderly with an average age of 76 years old (DP = 7,62) between 65 and 98 years old, mainly women (63,9%), married or living as a couple (51,0%) with education (63,9,1%). Most of the elderly people who answered the survey live in family household (80,4%) in rural areas (64,8) and do not benefit from any type of social services support (71,5%). Results: The majority is elderly people with sons/daughters (n=364, 87,1%) and the ones without are the minority (n= 54, 12,9%) in our sample. Within those who are parents, 29,9% (109) have only one child and 70,1% (255) have more than one child (67% with 1 or 2), and the children are mainly of both sexes (n= 158; 43,4%). The results suggest that the fact that the elderly have or not have children is reflected especially in differences in the structural characteristics of the networks. Elderly people with children have a higher average in the network size, in the proportion of family relationships, and satisfaction of the network and reciprocal support (p ≤ 0,001). Regarding the proportion of friendly relations, network neighborhood, are the elderly without children who have a substantially higher mean (p ≤ 0,003) than the other subsample, also featuring improved durability of interpersonal relationships (p < 0,003). The correlations between the total number of children/with the structural and functional characteristics of the network, indicate that the greater the number of children, the greater the size of the network, the proportion of family relationships, emotional, support, reciprocity support and satisfaction with social network. Conclusion: Our study reveals that the personal social networks of the elderly differ in the structural level, according to whether they have sons/daughters or not, but also in some functional variables. The elderly with children have networks much more broader and centered on family relationships (roughly one-third) than elderly without children. These elderly without children have smaller networks (about 2 fewer people) and more centered in relations of friendship and neighborhood (with proportions that are more than the double compared to the other subsample).

A confiança interorganizacional nas compras

This research is part of the field of organizational studies, focusing on organizational purchase behavior and, specifically, trust interorganizational at the purchases. This topic is current and relevant by addressing the development of good relations between buyer-supplier that increases the exchange of information, increases the length of relationship, reduces the hierarchical controls and improves performance. Furthermore, although there is a vast literature on trust, the scientific work that deal specifically at the trust interorganizational still need further research to synthesize and validate the variables that generate this phenomenon. In this sense, this investigation is to explain the antecedents of trust interorganizational by the relationship between the variable operational performance, organizational characteristics, shared values and interpersonal relationships on purchases by manufacturing industries, in order to develop a robust literature, most consensual, that includes the current sociological and economic, considering the effect of interpersonal relationships in this phenomenon. This proposal is configured in a new vision of the antecedents of interorganizational trust, described as significant quantitative from models Morgan and Hunt (1994), Doney and Cannon (1997), Zhao and Cavusgil (2006) and Nyaga, Whipple, Lynch (2011), as well as qualitative analysis of Tacconi et al. (2011). With regard to methodological aspects, the study assumes the form of a descriptive, survey type, and causal trace theoretical and empirical. As for his nature, the investigation, explicative character, has developed a quantitative approach with the use of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling SEM, with the use of IBM software SPSS Amos 18.0, using the method of maximum verisimilitude, and supported by technical bootstraping. The unit of analysis was the buyer-supplier relationship, in which the object under investigation was the supplier organization in view of the purchasing company. 237 valid questionnaires were collected among key informants, using a simple random sampling developed in manufacturing industries (SIC 10-33), located in the city of Natal and in the region of Natal. The first results of descriptive analysis demonstrate the phenomenon of interorganizational trust, in which purchasing firms believe, feel secure about the supplier. This demonstration showed high levels of intensity, predominantly among the vendors that supply the company with materials that are used directly in the production process. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, performed on each variable alone, generated a set of observable and unobservable variables more consistent, giving rise to a model, that needed to be further specified. This again specify model consists of trajectories was positive, with a good fit, with a composite reliability and variance extracted satisfactory, and demonstrates convergent and discriminant validity, in which the factor loadings are significant and strong explanatory power. Given the findings that reinforce the model again specify data, suggesting a high probability that this model may be more suited for the study population, the results support the explanation that interorganizational trust depends on purchases directly from interpersonal relationships, sharing value and operating performance and indirectly of personal relationships, social networks, organizational characteristics, physical and relational aspect of performance. It is concluded that this trust can be explained by a set of interactions between these three determinants, where the focus is on interpersonal relationships, with the largest path coefficient for the factor under study

Caracterização da economia solidária à luz do ambiente isonômico de Guerreiro Ramos: um estudo no Grupo Mulheres Decididas a Vencer

The Solidary Economy is an area that has shown unusual traits to what is preached in the traditional economic organizations, even organizations that have very similar principles, as some cooperatives. This trait is approaching the concept of isonomy proposed by Ramos (1989). Given this context, and the notion that the isonomy is like a ideal type, the objective this work was to evidence particulars of isonomic environment the in economic and solidarity experiences, taking as an empirical research area the Grupo de Mulheres Decididas a Vencer, considered a solidary economic enterprise. For this, we used the descriptive-exploratory research of qualitative nature, where the object of such research is the know enterprise, therefore, also characterized as a case study, which were taken as research subjects six associates, they being the most active in the enterprise. From the five categories that characterize isonomy - minimum standards prescribing, self-gratifying activity, activities undertaken as a vocation, wide system of making decision and primaries interpersonal relations - and from the traits of a solidary economic enterprise the data analysis was built, through content analysis, specifically the categorial analysis. Given this context and reality in which it is Grupo de Mulheres Decididas a Vencer, with minimal rules and procedures for conducting activities, comparing them to a therapy, women choosing to insert in that environment, faced with a democratic space and unfettered bureaucracy in professional interpersonal relationships, in others words, an organizational space where they were shown signs of substantive rationality was possible to conclude that the Group will share experiences and characteristics of isonomy. This disclosure meets the multidimensional social that presupposes Paraecomomic Paradigm, enabling man to enter in different social environments of the economy in order to search for self-actualization

Comunicação proxêmica: ações, reações e sensações de enfermeiros hospitalares

A comunicação proxêmica, dentre outros aspectos, compreende o estudo social dos espaços, das relações interpessoais e de todas as variáveis que dizem respeito à interação entre os seres humanos. É importante o estudo e a aplicação da comunicação proxêmica no cotidiano do trabalho de enfermeiros, para que esta seja compreendida e empregada de maneira producente no processo relacional dos trabalhadores em todos os momentos de sua prática, em especial, do cuidado. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Rio Grande (CEPAS), sob o número 23116.003684/2012-4, com o objetivo de analisar a comunicação proxêmica no trabalho de enfermeiros hospitalares. Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, de cunho descritivo, onde a coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de observações não participantes e entrevistas semipadronizadas com 10 enfermeiros da unidade de terapia intensiva e serviço de pronto atendimento de um hospital universitário no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul, mediante assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os dados foram analisados através da Análise Qualitativa de Conteúdo estabelecida por Mayring, de onde emergiram categorias apriorísticas provenientes dos fatores proxêmicos preconizados por Edward Hall: Postura-sexo, Eixo Sociofugo-Sociopeto, Fatores Cinestésicos ou Cinésicos, Comportamento de Contato, Código Visual, Código Térmico, Código Olfativo e Volume da Voz. Os dados foram interpretados a partir das concepções de Hall ( 16 de maio de 1914 – 20 de julho de 2009 †) e as ideias de diversos autores do universo científico. Este processo resultou em dois artigos. No primeiro artigo “A prática da comunicação proxêmica no manejo do cuidado no trabalho de enfermeiros hospitalares” percebeu-se que, embora os enfermeiros reconheçam a importância do toque, do contato físico, para a prestação de um cuidado holístico e humanizado, os fatores cinésicos/cinestésicos e comportamento de contato, estão associados à avaliação e ao diagnóstico. Com relação às questões térmicas e olfativas os profissionais omitem em suas reações os constrangimentos oriundos das sensações desagradáveis que o toque na pele ou os odores dos pacientes podem causar. Já no segundo artigo intitulado “A comunicação proxêmica na prática de enfermeiros hospitalares”, verificou-se que apenas um dos sujeitos do estudo não estabeleceu contato visual com o paciente. A maioria dos sujeitos empregou um tom de voz normal nas interações com os pacientes. O sexo não influenciou na postura dos interlocutores, como demonstrou o fator postura-sexo e as posições dos enfermeiros ao executar as tarefas diárias, entre face a face e lateralizada, e nenhum dos sujeitos posicionou-se de costas durante as interações, como pode-se perceber através do estudo do eixo sociofugo-sociopeto. O estudo também promoveu reflexões a respeito da comunicação proxêmica e da importância de sua incorporação ao trabalho dos enfermeiros.