Socialized credit and the working-class family economy: a comparative history of Britain and France 1900-2000

This paper provides a comparative analysis of working class consumer credit in Britain and France from the early twentieth century through to the 1980s. It indicates a number of similarities between the two nations in the earlier part of the period: in particular, in the operation of doorstep credit systems. For the British case study, we explore consumer finance offered by credit drapers (sometimes known as tallymen) whilst in France the paper explores a similar system that functioned in the coalmining communities around the city of Lens. Both methods operated on highly socialised relationships that established the trust on which credit was offered and long-term creditor/borrower relationships established. In the second part of the paper, we analyse the different trajectories taken in post-war France and Britain in this area of working class credit. In France this form of socialized credit gradually dwindled due to factors such as ‘Bancarisation’, which saw the major banks emerge as modern bureaucratized providers of credit for workers and their families. In contrast, in Britain the tallymen (and other related forms of doorstep credit providers) were offered a new lease of life in the 1960s and 1970s. This was a period during which British credit providers utilised multiple methods to evade the hire purchase controls put in place by post-war governments. Thus, whilst the British experience was one of fragmented consumer loan types (including the continuation of doorstep credit), the French experience (like elsewhere in Europe) was one of greater consolidation. The paper concludes by reflecting on the role of these developments in the creation of differential experiences of credit inclusion/exclusion in the two nations and the impact of this on financial inequality.

Writing the History of the British Stage, 1660-1900

A monograph on British theatre historiography from its emergence in the Restoration to its foundation as an academic discipline in the early 20th century.

Les Lionel Groulx : la pseudonymie comme stratégie littéraire et jeu institutionnel (1900-1966)

De 1900 à 1966, Lionel Groulx, prêtre, historien, écrivain, conférencier, professeur, a signé 176 textes d'une vingtaine de pseudonymes différents. Le premier chapitre du mémoire résume d'abord les positions théoriques qu'ont adoptées des chercheurs comme Genette, Laugaa et Jeandillou en ce qui concerne la pseudonymie. Le récit de l'aventure pseudonyme de Groulx commence au deuxième chapitre, alors que le jeune professeur du College de Valleyfield, surtout pour éviter les représailles de son évêque, recourra à la pseudonymie pour signer des textes patriotiques. En 1915, Groulx quitte Valleyfield pour Montréal. Dès 1917, il collabore à l'Action française, dont il devient le directeur en 1920. Sans contredit, l'étude de la pseudonymie de Groulx de 1917 a 1929 prouve qu'il est bel et bien "L'Homme à tout faire" de la revue, comme le démontre le troisième chapitre. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre analyse la période 1930 à 1966. [Résumé abrégé par UMI]

Magna Charta and Parliament 1900-1914

In 1915 plans for the celebration of the 700th anniversary of Magna Carta had to be dropped following the outbreak of the First World War. Such celebrations marked a sense of Magna Carta as an event in the history of these islands. The usage of the term Magna Carta in Parliament in the run-up to the First World War, however, shows that its granting was not seen only as a significant historical event to be memorialised. During the period from 1900, opening with war in South Africa and ending in 1914 with war throughout Europe, the Great Charter was mentioned 85 times in Parliament. As a period marked by a lengthy constitutional crisis in 1909-11 and beset with problems in Ireland and the Empire, this seems like a good case study period to choose. This short paper attempts to analyse how and why it was invoked in Parliament in the years and what these various usages tell us about how Magna Carta was understood at the time.

O Jornalismo Político Republicano Radical. O Mundo (1900‐1907)

Tese de Doutoramento em História Contemporânea Institucional e Política de Portugal

Simenon, un auteur et ses lecteurs : une économie de la grandeur

En invitant à se pencher sur les modalités concrètes de la réception d'un écrivain, l'étude des lettres de lecteurs à Simenon met en lumière ce que ce dernier fait à et pour eux, et ce, dans l'enchevêtrement de la personne réelle, du personnage de fiction (Maigret) et de la vedette. Les traits marquants de la relation auteurs-lecteurs sont examinés, en tenant compte de la tension spécifique engendrée par les valeurs marchandes et symboliques portées ensemble par un auteur présent sur plus d'un terrain : commercial, médiatique et littéraire. Au final, il s'agit de décrire les formes d'un « attachement aux grands singuliers » (Heinich) qu'illustre la correspondance « ordinaire » à Simenon.

A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Primary Anastomosis or Hartmann's Procedure for Perforated Left Colonic Diverticulitis With Purulent or Fecal Peritonitis.

OBJECTIVES: : To evaluate the outcome after Hartmann's procedure (HP) versus primary anastomosis (PA) with diverting ileostomy for perforated left-sided diverticulitis. BACKGROUND: : The surgical management of left-sided colonic perforation with purulent or fecal peritonitis remains controversial. PA with ileostomy seems to be superior to HP; however, results in the literature are affected by a significant selection bias. No randomized clinical trial has yet compared the 2 procedures. METHODS: : Sixty-two patients with acute left-sided colonic perforation (Hinchey III and IV) from 4 centers were randomized to HP (n = 30) and to PA (with diverting ileostomy, n = 32), with a planned stoma reversal operation after 3 months in both groups. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. The primary end point was the overall complication rate. The study was discontinued following an interim analysis that found significant differences of relevant secondary end points as well as a decreasing accrual rate (NCT01233713). RESULTS: : Patient demographics were equally distributed in both groups (Hinchey III: 76% vs 75% and Hinchey IV: 24% vs 25%, for HP vs PA, respectively). The overall complication rate for both resection and stoma reversal operations was comparable (80% vs 84%, P = 0.813). Although the outcome after the initial colon resection did not show any significant differences (mortality 13% vs 9% and morbidity 67% vs 75% in HP vs PA), the stoma reversal rate after PA with diverting ileostomy was higher (90% vs 57%, P = 0.005) and serious complications (Grades IIIb-IV: 0% vs 20%, P = 0.046), operating time (73 minutes vs 183 minutes, P < 0.001), hospital stay (6 days vs 9 days, P = 0.016), and lower in-hospital costs (US $16,717 vs US $24,014) were significantly reduced in the PA group. CONCLUSIONS: : This is the first randomized clinical trial favoring PA with diverting ileostomy over HP in patients with perforated diverticulitis.

Plan af Ekenäs stad utgifven 1843 af C. W. Gyldén

Tammisaaren kartta. - 1 kartta : vär. ; 40 x 53,7 cm, lehti 45 x 60 cm. - Mittakaava [1:4000]. - Sisältää luettelot kortteleista ja julkisista rakennuksista.

Plan af Nyslott utgifven 1843 af C. W. Gyldé

Claes Wilhelm Gyldén (1802-1872) oli maanmittauksen ja metsänhoidon ylihallituksen ylitirehtööri vuosina 1854-72. Ylitirehtööri omisti paljon aikaansa metsänhoidon ja maanjakotoiminnan lisäksi myös maamme kartastotoiminnalle. Hän julkaisi vuonna 1853 Suomenmaan korko-kartan, joka on maailman ensimmäisiä korkeusvyöhykekarttoja. Myös Suomen yleiskartan 1:400 000 (Karta över Finland) ensimmäisen painoksen karttalehdet painettiin vuosina 1864-1872 hänen johtajakaudellaan. Vuosina 1837-1843 toimiessaan maanmittausinsinöörinä maanmittaushallituksessa C. W. Gyldén julkaisi Suomen kaikkien silloisten kaupunkien kaupunkikartat, yhteensä 31 karttalehteä. Nämä asemakaavakartat painettiin kaikki samassa koossa 50,8 x 65,9 cm. Tästä johtuen karttojen mittakaavat vaihtelivat asteikkojen 1:3200 – 1:10000 välillä. Kaupungin asemakaavan lisäksi jokaisessa kartassa on yleissilmäyskartta, julkisten rakennusten luettelo sekä niiden sijainti. Lisäksi hän julkaisi vuonna 1844 näiden kaupunkien historiaa ja tilastotietoja kuvaavan selityskirjan.

Plan af Borgå utgifven 1843 af C. W. Gyldén

Porvoon kartta. - 1 kartta : vär. ; 40 x 53,7 cm, lehti 45 x 60 cm. - Mittakaava [1:4000]. - Sisältää luettelot kortteleista ja julkisista rakennuksista.