稀土三元催化剂下二氧化碳/环氧丙烷/缩水甘油醚共聚物的合成与性能研究

为拓宽PPC的应用范围，本论文在CO2与PO的共聚反应中，引入第三单体缩水甘油醚（烯丙基缩水甘油醚AGE、丁基缩水甘油醚BGE和苯基缩水甘油醚GPE），制备得到不同结构和性能的二氧化碳共聚物。主要工作总结如下：1．在CO2与PO的共聚反应中，引入第三单体 AGE，合成了侧链带双键的官能化二氧化碳共聚物Pol（PO-co-CO2-co-AGE）；2．在CO2-PO-BGE的共聚反应中，控制PO／B GE的摩尔比，可制得不同结构和 性能的二氧化碳共聚物Poly（P0-co-CO2-co-BGE），其Tg为-26.8-36.1℃，大幅度拓展了二氧化碳共聚物的最低使用温度区间；3．在CO2与PO的共聚反应中，引入第三单体GPE，合成了侧链带刚性苯环的 二氧化碳共聚物Poty（PO-co-CO2-co-GPE），提高了聚合产物的热稳定性。

PSAN/PMMA共混体系相分离动力学的光散射研究

本工作用小角激光光散射（SALS）研究了Poly (Styrene -co-acrylontrile)/Poly (methyl methacrylate)共混体系的相分离动力学。通过溶液共混得到的均相混合物淬火到较高温度的热力学不稳区，随着时间增长，体系相区及相区间及相区间的反应逐渐增大，对应SALS的V_v散射环逐渐变小，散射强度逐渐增大；在Cahn-Hilliard线性理论基础上测得体系相分离初期的增长速率及扩散系数，在相分离后期散射峰强Im和峰位qm与时间t满足幂指数关系：Im αt~θ、qm αt~(-θ)且θ ≈ 3φ；光散射积分不变量及相差显微镜观察表明在相分离后其发生了Ostwald Ripening，若减小体系PMMA分子量，相分离速率增大很快。

嵌段共聚物胶束溶液的热力学

本文对聚苯乙烯-氢化聚异式二烯（Poly (styrene-CO-ethylene )，简称SEP）在有机烃熔剂中胶束化过程的热力学性质作了较为深入的研究。研究结果表明，非线性的SEP共聚物在有机烃溶剂中的胶束化过程均为熵减过程，即在该体系中，聚合物分子从单个分子聚焦为胶束粒子是从无序到较为有序的过程，分子的构象数减少，这与离子型和非离子型表面活性剂在水中的胶束化过程相反；其次，SEP的ΔH°均为负值，说明胶表化过程是放热的，并且ΔH°的绝对值较大，说明胶束化过程明显地依赖于温度；溶剂的选择性越强，胶束化过程放热越少，熵减也减少，说明溶剂的选择性强有昨于胶束的形成。实验结果还反映了共聚物的分子量对胶束化过程的热力学函数值ΔS°和ΔH°也有影响。而自由能的变化ΔF°与离子和非离子型表面活性剂类似，这是共聚物和表面活性剂胶束化过程中的共同之处。结果还表明，溶剂的选择性越强，胶束的分子聚焦数均值（N）越大，而溶剂的选择性越强，N和第二维里系数（A_2）的温度依赖性越小；相同溶剂中温度越高，N越小，A_2越大。本文还研究了SEP共聚物溶液的[7]随溶剂配比的变化，以及SEP溶液粘度对浓度和温度的依赖性。通过溶液粘度的测定可知，胶束中分子聚集紧密，胶束粒子接近于球体模型；溶剂的选择性越强，分子聚集得越紧密。实验还发现，比浓粘度在临界胶束浓度处出现转折点，并与光散射测得的值一致。本工作用小角激光光散射仪（LALLS）测定共聚物在选择性溶剂中的临界胶束浓度（CMC），这在文献中还未见报导。

胆甾液晶/聚合物混合体系结构与性质的研究

采用自由基聚合的方法分别合成了一系列不同共聚组成和不同分子量的MMA－n-BMA共聚物。通过偏光显微镜，DSC、X-射线衍射，电子显微镜以及扭辩分析等手段研究了ChN/poly（MMA－co－BMA）体系的相溶性，结构形态及其液晶性质，考察了共聚物结构因素对体系性质的影响。对多组分胆甾液品／聚合物体系的情况也进行了部分研究。研究表明：在一定组成范围内ChN/poly(MMA-co-BMA)体系具有一般的胆甾液晶性质。聚合物组分对ChN的结晶性具有明显的抑制作用，并最终导致了部分ChN组成S_A相的冻结。在多组分胆甾液晶的PDLC体系中，共聚物组分可以明显地提高体系液晶相的稳定性。另外，合成了胆甾液晶单体ChA，对其结构及液晶性质进行了表征和研究，并偿试了ChA-n-BMA共聚物的制备及其液晶性质的研究。发现在一定条件下，上述不完全聚合体系中的Ch相结构可以冻结在室温下。上述两种体系具有作为存貯材料的可能性。

甲基丙烯酸三苯甲酯不对称共聚行为研究

本论文首次利用共聚合方法获得了在常温下具有光活性的螺旋链共聚物，利用手性配体（-）SP、（+）DDB能合成光活性PTrMA和PDPAA。它们是具有稳定单手螺旋构象的聚合物。研究了不同手性配体对小位阻单体MMA阴离子聚合过程的立体控制作用，并对TrMA与MMA，DPAA与MMA及TrMA与DPAA各组单体在不同手性配体作用下的不对称阴离子共聚合行为进行了研究，提出了螺旋选择不对称聚合的概念。1，首次研究了手性配体（-）SP和（+）DDB对MMA阴离子聚合产物的立体构型的不同影响，利用~1HNMR谱表征了产物结构，发现在手性配体（-）SP存在下，以BuLi, t-BuLi及FLLi引发MMA聚合都得到高间同立构产物，引发剂中烷基阴离子位阻增大，间同立构含量增加。2，进行了MMA对TrMA的螺旋诱导，用不同的手性配体作用下获得的PMMA螺旋活性链在低温下引发TrMA聚合，得到了具有不同旋光方向的poly(MMA-co-TrMA)嵌段共聚物。从而证明了，MMA这种小位阻单体的聚合物虽然在常温下溶液中无法保持螺旋构象，但在低温下溶液中具有螺旋构象。并首次确定了不同手性配体作用下生成的PMMA单手螺旋链的方向。3，首次研究了不同手性配体存在下甲苯溶液中TrMA/MMA和DPAA/MMA及TrMA/DPAA共聚行为。表明不同方向的螺旋链能够选择与它本身立体结构适合的单体进行聚，即在不对称共聚合中存在着螺旋选择。螺旋选择不对称聚合现象的根源在于手性配体对聚合过程的立体指导作用。

Preparation and Bioactivity of the Composite of PLGA and Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals Surface-grafted with L-lactic Acid Oligomer

The hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals of 100-200 nm in length and 20-30 nm in width were hydrothermally synthesized by the reaction of phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide. Lactic acid oligomer surface grafted HA(op-HA) nanoparticles were obtained by oligomeric lactic acid with a certain molecular weight grafting onto the HA surface to form a Ca carboxylate bond in the absence of any catalyst. The op-HA was further blended with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) to prepare the nanocomposite of op-HA/PLGA. FTIR, TGA, ESEM and EDX were used to analyze grafting reaction, the graft ratio of op-HA, surface topography and calcium deposition of the composites, respectively. The rabbit osteoblasts were seeded and cultured on the surface of composites in vitro. The cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation and gene expression were evaluated with FITC staining, NIH image J software and the analysis of real-time PCR, respectively. The results show that the graft ratio of op-HA is 8.3% (mass fraction). The op-HA/PLGA nanocomposite possessed more suitable surface properties, including roughness and plenty of calcium and phosphor. It exhibited better cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation of rabbit osteoblasts, compared to pure PLGA.

A third-generation H2O2 biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase-labeled Au nanoparticles self-assembled to hollow porous polymeric nanopheres

A novel third-generation biosensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was developed by self-assembling gold nanoparticles to hollow porous thiol-functionalized poly(divinylbenzene-co-acrylic acid) (DVB-co-AA) nanospheres. At first, a cleaned gold electrode was immersed in hollow porous thiol-functionalized poly(DVB-co-AA) nanosphere latex to assemble the nanospheres, then gold nanoparticles were chemisorbed onto the thiol groups of the nanospheres. Finally, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized on the surface of the gold nanoparticles. The immobilized horseradish peroxidase exhibited direct electrochemical behavior toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The resulting biosensor showed a wide linear range of 1.0 mu M-8.0 mM and a detection limit of 0.5 mu M estimated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Moreover, the studied biosensor exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability.

Green light-emitting polyfluorenes with improved color purity incorporated with 4,7-diphenyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole moieties

By incorporating 4,7-diphenyl- 2,1,3 benzothiadiazole instead of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole into the backbone of polyfluorene, we developed a novel series of green light- emitting polymers with much improved color purity. Compared with the state-of-the-art green light-emitting polymer, poly(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (lambda max = 537 nm), the resulting polymers (lambda(max) = 521 nm) showed 10-20 nm blueshifted electroluminescence (EL) spectra and greatly improved color purity because the insertion of two phenylene units between the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole unit and the fluorene unit reduced the effective conjugation length in the vicinity of the 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole unit. As a result, the resulting polymers emitted pure green light with CIE coordinates of (0.29, 0.63), which are very close to (0.26, 0.65) of standard green emission demanded by the National Television System Committee (NTSC). Moreover, the insertion of the phenylene unit did not affect the photoluminescence (PL) and EL efficiencies of the resulting polymers. PL quantum efficiency in solid films up to 0.82 was demonstrated. Single-layer devices (ITO/PEDOT/ polymer/Ca/Al) of these polymers exhibited a turn-on voltage of 4.2 V, luminous efficiency of 5.96 cd A(-1) and power efficiency of 2.21 lm W-1. High EL efficiencies and good color purities made these polymers very promising for display applications.

Effect of swelling response of the support particles on ethylene polymerization

Macroporous and modified macroporous poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate-co-divinylbenzene) particles (m-PS and mm-PS) supported Cp2ZrCl2 were prepared and applied to ethylene polymerization using methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst. The influences of the swelling response of the support particles on the catalyst loading capabilities of the supports as well as on the activities of the supported catalysts were studied. It was shown that the Zr loadings of the supports and the activities of the supported catalysts increased with the swelling extent of the support particles. The m-PS or mm-PS supported catalysts exhibited very high activities when the support particles were well swollen, whereas those catalysts devoid of swelling treatment gave much lower activities. Investigation on the distribution of the supports in the polyethylene by TEM indicated that the swelling of the support particles allowed the fragmentation of the catalyst particles. In contrast, the fragmentation of the support particles with poor swelling was hindered during ethylene polymerization.

Properties of a nanocomposite polymer electrolyte from an amorphous comb-branch polymer and nanoparticles

Three fully amorphous comb-branch polymers based on poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) as a backbone and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether of different molecular weights as side chains were synthesized. SiO2 nanoparticles of various contents and the salt LiCF3SO3 were added to these comb-branch polymers to obtain nanocomposite polymer electrolytes. The thermal and transport properties of the samples have been characterized. The maximum conductivity of 2.8x10(-4) S cm(-1) is obtained at 28 degreesC. In the system the longer side chain of the comb-branch polymer electrolyte increases in ionic conductivity after the addition of nanoparticles. To account for the role of the ceramic fillers in the nanocomposite polymer electrolyte, a model based on a fully amorphous comb-branch polymer matrix in enhancing transport properties of Li+ ions is proposed.

Influence of rubber content in ABS in wide range on the mechanical properties and morphology of PC/ABS blends with different composition

A series of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) with different rubber content were prepared by diluting ABS grafting copolymer containing 60% rubber with a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. ABS prepared were blended with bisphenol-A-polycarbonate (PC) at the ratio of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70 to prepare PC/ABS blends. Influence of rubber content in ABS on the properties of ABS and PC/ABS blends were investigated. PC/ABS blends with different compositions got good toughness when the rubber in ABS increased to the level that ABS itself got good toughness. The tensile properties and processability of PC/ABS blends decreased with the increase of the total rubber content introduced into the blends. ABS with the rubber content of 30 wt% is most suitable to be used to prepare PC/ABS blends. The rubber content in ABS affected the viscosity of ABS, and subsequently the viscosity ratio of PC to ABS. As a result, the morphology of PC/ABS blends varied. The increase of rubber content in ABS results in finer structure of PC/ABS blends.

Surface phase separations of PMMA/SAN blends investigated by atomic force microscopy

The thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) and their blends were prepared by means of spin-coating their corresponding solutions onto silicon wafers, followed by being annealed at different temperatures. The surface phase separations of PMMA/SAN blends were characterized by virtue of atomic force microscopy (AFM). By comparing the tapping mode AFM (TM-AFM) phase images of the pure components and their blends, surface phase separation mechanisms of the blends could be identified as the nucleation and growth mechanism or the spinodal decomposition mechanism. Therefore, the phase diagram of the PMMA/SAN system could be obtained by means of TM-AFM. Contact mode AFM was also used to study the surface morphologies of all the samples and the phase separations of the blends occurred by the spinodal decomposition mechanism could be ascertained. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical compositions on the surfaces of the samples and the miscibility principle of the PMMA/SAN system was discussed.

Covalently attached multilayer assemblies containing photoreactive diazo-resins and conducting polyaniline

We reported on the multilayer architecture containing diazo-resins (DAR) as polycations and polyaniline poly(aniline-co-N-propanesulfonic acid aniline) (PAPSAH) as polyanions held together by electrostatic interaction. Upon UV irradiation, the adjacent interfaces of the multilayer reacted to form a covalently crosslinking structure which greatly improved the stability of the films as confirmed by solvent etching experiments. These changes were confirmed by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The thickness of the covalently attached films were characterized with small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) and a value of 30.0 Angstrom per bilayer was obtained. This type of film was further characterized by cyclic voltammetry which showed that the electroactive property of PAPSAH was still kept in the films after photoreaction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.