Determinação molecular da viabilidade do Mycobacterium leprae: uma comparação com outras abordagens metodológicas

Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB

Eficácia e segurança da ceratoplastia endotelial no tratamento da ceratopatia bolhosa pseudofácia e afácia: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Adesivo tecidual de fibrina e sua aplicação na implantodontia

The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the use of fibrin tissue adhesive in implant dentistry. Materials and Methods: A literature search of Medline-PubMed for articles published, describing the use of fibrin tissue adhesive in implant dentistry was performed and articles were critically reviewed. Results: The literature review reveals clinical trials and experimental studies with regard to the use of fibrin tissue adhesive in implant dentistry. This material consists of 2 components: highly purified, freeze-dried human fibrinogen with factor XIII and a starter solution containing human thrombin. Clotting factor XIII is admitted for reinforcement of the fibrin network. The components are reconstituted before use and when mixed form a clot by mimicking the terminal phase of the physiological clotting cascade. Several studies showed that fibrin tissue adhesive is fully absorbed by macrophages within 2 weeks of application. Adhesive fibrin tissue may be used for to prevent bone loss, to create contour in the periimplant soft tissue and osseous tissue, to sculpt emergence profile for prosthetic components and to mimic tissue architecture. In the last years fibrin tissue adhesive also find use as material for the controlled delivery of drugs and biologics. Conclusions: The fibrin tissue adhesive presents good properties such as biocompatibility, hemostatic properties and ability to break down like the physiologic clot. This material, alone or associated with other materials, can be used with the implants immediately after extraction. In this condition it brings the necessary anchoring and efficient maintenance of osseous/mucosal contour, which it is important for the clinical success.

O tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono e a utilização de implantes osseointegráveis: revisão da literatura

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects millions of people around the world. The mandibular repositioning devices have been indicated in cases of mild/moderate syndrome; however in edentulous patients its use is deficient since there is no retention. Therefore the objective of this study was to conduct a review on the use of this treatment method combined to osseointegrated implants. A search on the theme: Dental implant and sleep apnea syndromewas performed in the Medline/PubMed, ISI, Cochrane, Dentistry Oral Science, Clinical Trials, Controlled Trials, and Bireme-BvS, databases, and 22 articles were found. After anevaluation 2 studies were selected and the review was complemented with an analysis of randomized controlled trials in the previous seven bases using the key-words: Sleep apnea syndrome, Oral appliance and Randomized controlled trial. The search returned 37 articles, and after they were submitted to inclusion criteria 17 studies were selected. There are a small number of studies presenting the use of dental implants as a mean to assist the stabilization of the mandibular repositioning appliances; those that are available are case reports that focusing on the effectiveness of the technique. Studies examining the effect these appliances in dentate patients indicate improvement in the levels of apnea and snoring. The use of mandibular repositioning appliances in dentate patients is an effective technique in treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome mild/moderate. Randomized controlled trialsare required in order to enable an analysis of the use of mandibular repositioning devices with the aid of dental implants .

Ocorrência de reabsorção radicular no tratamento ortodôntico: revisão crítica da literatura

The root resorption is one of the possible sequels of greater complexity to the orthodontist, the difficulty of detection and be asymptomatic. The presence, during the orthodontic treatment, is linked to a multifactorial origin, a complex combination of biological activities, anatomical, physiological, genetic variables and mechanical forces. Thus, the aim of this study was perform to critical literature review related to root resorption in orthodontic movement. Were included articles published between 2004 to 2014, indexed in the PUBMED database. Used descriptors contained in the Mesh, being adopted as inclusion criteria: clinical trials in humans, only articles that had clear ideas and objective, articles with English language. The search strategy used resulted in 24 articles and after applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles remained. Based on the results of this study it was concluded that heavy forces of intrusion, inclination and torque leads to a greater degree of root resorption; its etiology is multifactorial, the periodic radiographic control during treatment is needed and further studies are suggested to identify more specifically the causes and risk factors for root resorption.

Extratos secos padronizados: tendência atual em Fitoterapia

Data shows that the use of the medicinal plants in industrialized countries represents around 20% of the total medical prescriptions. Considering the need to establish a safe phytotherapic practice, specially when the evidence based medicine is a current tendency, phytotherapic medicines can no longer justify any doubts regarding its safety and efficacy. So, proof of efficacy and safety must result preferably from properly conducted clinical trials, although the legislation exempts such studies for traditional or well established phytotherapics. In this article, benefits and advantages of standardized dry extracts used in phytotherapic medicines instead of powder drugs and dry extracts are analyzed and discussed. The study reveals as main conclusive remark, that adequate clinical trials are essential to promote this therapeutical practice.

Uso da telemedicina na elaboração de um sistema de apoio virtual à pesquisa clínica

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Modified constraint-induced movement therapy and modified forced-use therapy for stroke patients are both effective to promote balance and gait improvements

Background: Previous studies show that chronic hemiparetic patients after stroke, presents inabilities to perform movements in paretic hemibody. This inability is induced by positive reinforcement of unsuccessful attempts, a concept called learned non-use. Forced use therapy (FUT) and constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) were developed with the goal of reversing the learned non-use. These approaches have been proposed for the rehabilitation of the paretic upper limb (PUL). It is unknown what would be the possible effects of these approaches in the rehabilitation of gait and balance. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Modified FUT (mFUT) and Modified CIMT (mCIMT) on the gait and balance during four weeks of treatment and 3 months follow-up. Methods: This study included thirty-seven hemiparetic post-stroke subjects that were randomly allocated into two groups based on the treatment protocol. The non-paretic UL was immobilized for a period of 23 hours per day, five days a week. Participants were evaluated at Baseline, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks, and three months after randomization. For the evaluation we used: The Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FM). Gait was analyzed by the 10-meter walk test (T10) and Timed Up & Go test (TUG). Results: Both groups revealed a better health status (SIS), better balance, better use of lower limb (BBS and FM) and greater speed in gait (T10 and TUG), during the weeks of treatment and months of follow-up, compared to the baseline. Conclusion: The results show mFUT and mCIMT are effective in the rehabilitation of balance and gait. Trial Registration ACTRN12611000411943.

Terapia pulpar em dentes decíduos: possibilidades terapêuticas baseadas em evidências

Introduction: Pulpotomy of primary teeth has been the treatment of choice in cases of inflammation of the coronal pulp caused by caries or trauma with no involvement of the radicular pulp, thus avoiding the premature loss of the teeth. Not only is the diagnosis of the inflamed dental pulp required for this therapy to succeed, but also the selection of an effective and biocompatible medicament. However, none of the drugs available and recommended for pulpotomy therapy present all the requirements of an ideal pulp capping agent. Objective: Through a systematic literature review, between the years of 2000 and 2011, focusing in randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, aiming to analyze and discuss based on alternatives for the treatment of pulpotomy in human deciduous teeth. Conclusion: Scientific evidences showed that the medicaments and techniques influence were few. Thus, further and well-designed studies are suggested for clarification. The information generated in such experiments may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pulp therapy to new therapeutic approaches aimed at improving pulp therapy in deciduous teeth.

Intervenções de enfermagem para o cuidado de pacientes com artrite: revisão integrativa da literatura

Esta revisão integrativa buscou analisar a produção científica relacionada aos cuidados de enfermagem para pacientes com artrite. Foram incluídos 12 estudos experimentais, randomizados e controlados, publicados nas bases de dados CINAHL, MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS, utilizando os descritores controlados "arthritis" e "nursing". Os resultados apontaram a efetividade de musicoterapia, estimulação elétrica neuromuscular, toque terapêutico e imagem guiada associada a relaxamento, para o tratamento da dor. Ser atendido por enfermeira especialista aumentou a satisfação com o atendimento, melhorou o impacto da doença e aumento a procura por serviços de saúde. Programas educativos específicos para portadores de artrite estimularam a prática de exercícios físicos e aqueles direcionados a pessoas com problemas crônicos em geral mostraram-se efetivos para controlar a dor e a incapacidade funcional. Concluímos que existe um conjunto de intervenções que podem subsidiar a prática de enfermagem baseada em evidências junto aos idosos com artrite.

Estabilizações lombares dinâmicas

O funcionamento fisiológico normal da coluna depende da movimentação normal de cada unidade motora, que consiste em duas vértebras e o disco intervertebral interposto entre elas. Embora a artrodese da coluna vertebral venha sendo utilizada para o tratamento de diversas doenças da coluna, essa modalidade de tratamento acarreta a perda de movimentação dos níveis em que houve a fusão e como consequência pode sobrecarregar os níveis adjacentes podendo provocar a sua degeneração precoce. Proponentes das técnicas de estabilização dinâmicas acreditam que estas podem levar a correção dos problemas minimizando o risco de degeneração dos níveis adjacentes. Atualmente existem no mercado diversos métodos de estabilização dinâmica anteriores e posteriores. Já existem trabalhos biomecânicos que comprovam o benefício teórico de quase todos eles, porém ainda hoje, faltam ensaios clínicos que comprovem a sua utilidade e segurança por longos períodos de seguimento para o paciente. Portanto é fundamental que estes materiais sejam analisados de maneira acadêmica para que no futuro próximo possam ser utilizados em situações precisas e com segurança para os pacientes.

Eficácia e segurança da vacina brasileira contra hepatite B em recém-nascidos

OBJETIVO: Analisar a efi cácia e segurança de vacina recombinante contra hepatite B em recém-nascidos. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi conduzido em hospital geral do município de Guarulhos, SP, entre 2002 e 2005. A vacina recombinante contra hepatite B do Instituto Butantan (VrHB-IB) foi analisada em dois ensaios clínicos. Em ambos os ensaios, os recém-nascidos foram alocados aleatoriamente ao grupo experimental ou controle (vacina de referência). Os recém-nascidos receberam três doses das vacinas, uma em até 24 h após o nascimento e as subseqüentes 30 e 180 dias após. No primeiro ensaio 538 recém-nascidos completaram o protocolo e no segundo ensaio, 486. Considerou-se critério de equivalência a diferença na soroproteção inferior a 5%. RESULTADOS: A soroproteção no primeiro ensaio (anti HBs ≥ 10mUI/ml) foi de 92,5% (247/267) no grupo experimental, comparada a 98,5% (267/271) no grupo controle (p = 0,001). Com este resultado, a VrHB-IB não atingiu o critério de equivalência estabelecido. Após o aumento da concentração de antígeno na vacina para 25μg, a soroproteção no segundo ensaio foi de 100% no grupo experimental e 99,2% no grupo controle. Nenhum evento adverso grave foi registrado. CONCLUSÕES: A vacina VrHB-IB modifi cada foi considerada equivalente à vacina de referência e seu uso recomendado à vacinação de recém-nascidos.

Amaurose congénita de Leber : apresentação clínica, genética e novas estratégias terapêuticas

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Infecção nosocomial por Clostridium difficile : caracterização da estirpe epidémica 027

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Os inibidores orais do fator Xa na prevenção de eventos cerebrovasculares em doentes com fibrilhação auricular não-reumática

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014