Geographic Scope Under Conditions Of Confined And Connected Change: The Case Of Telefónica (Spain). ACES Working Papers, 2012

Traditional explanations of MNE geographic scope formation fit somewhat uncomfortably with recent empirical and theoretical work in IB that suggests (1) that wholesale (not just gradual) changes in MNE geographic scope may be more frequent than previously thought, and (2) that managers’ responses to a world increasingly characterized by random, unpredictable change are more experimental and less optimizing in nature than assumed in most models of international expansion. In this paper we draw from studies portraying industries as dynamic networks, and from the literature on managerial cognition to provide a complementary explanation of the evolution of MNE geographic scope that reconciles the insights of traditional IB models with the questions raised by more recent studies in this field. We illustrate the proposed model through a detailed account of the internationalization process of Telefonica, the Spanish telecommunications company.

Wheelchair securement systems in transit vehicle: a summary report.

Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Washington, D.C.

Application of active and passive suspension techniques to improve high speed ground vehicle performance - phase II. Final report.

Transportation Department, Office of University Research, Washington, D.C.

Instrumentation for measuring pavement-vehicle interaction. Volume IV: specification sheets, lists of drawings, and sensor wiring schematics. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Structures and Applied Mechanics Division, Washington, D.C.

Instrumentation for measuring pavement-vehicle interaction. Volume I: system description, operation, calibration and maintenance manual. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Structures and Applied Mechanics Division, Washington, D.C.

Instrumentation for measuring pavement-vehicle interaction. Volume II: Digalog Systems operation and maintenance manual, data acquisition system, model DLI 203. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Structures and Applied Mechanics Division, Washington, D.C.

Instrumentation for measuring pavement-vehicle interaction. Volume III: Kennedy Co. operation and maintenance manual, formatter and digital tape transport. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Structures and Applied Mechanics Division, Washington, D.C.

Analysis of federal stimuli to development of new technology by suppliers to automobile manufacturers. An exploratory study of barriers and facilitators. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.

Inducing the development and adoption of socially efficient automotive technology. Final report.

Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Mass.

High occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane marketing manual : final report /

"DOT-T-95-04."

Alternative fueled vehicle fleet safety experience: summary report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Validation of the ENSCO surrogate bogie vehicle FOIL test numbers: 92F028 through 92F031.

Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Va.

Scope and impact of new automotive technology on the inspection, diagnosis and repair process. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Consumer behavior towards fuel efficient vehicles. Volume IV: operating instructions and programs documentation for the CS Vehicle Choice Simulation Model. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Technology Assessment Division, Washington, D.C.

Vehicles-in-use sub-limit maneuvers. Volume II: multi-vehicle test validation. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Vehicle Engineering Research Division, Washington, D.C.