U-ages in soils and groundwater evidencing wet periods 400-600 kyr ago in southeast Brazil

U-238 and its radiogenic daughter U-234 have been utilized for dating soil formation and groundwater residence time during the last 1.5 million years, in this case based on the U-clissolution/precipitation occurring during modifications of the oxidation-reduction conditions. In this paper, we report a 400-600 kyr proxy of wet periods from sediments occurring in a soil profile developed over rocks outcropping at the Parana sedimentary basin in Brazil, and from groundwater exploited of Guarani aquifer at the same basin. The approaches indicated successful use of the U-modeled ages for suggesting wet periods exceeding the past 116-210 kyr from previous studies. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Urban Traffic Control and Monitoring - An Approach for the Brazilian Intelligent Cities Project

This paper describes an urban traffic control system which aims at contributing to a more efficient traffic management system in the cities of Brazil. It uses fuzzy sets, case-based reasoning, and genetic algorithms to handle dynamic and unpredictable traffic scenarios, as well as uncertain, incomplete, and inconsistent information. The system is composed by one supervisor and several controller agents, which cooperate with each other to improve the system's results through Artificial Intelligence Techniques.

Functional and esthetic rehabilitation with In-Ceram alumina and zirconia system: A multidisciplinary approach

The development of all-ceramic systems following metalceramics restorations allowed simulation of natural dentition due to favorable esthetics and resistance. In-Ceram is an alternative when esthetics is primordial as well as resistance required in rehabilitation. However, an ideal smile is associated to not only shape, color, texture and translucency but also harmony with gingival tissue. So, the aim of this study is to report a clinical case based on periodontal and fixed partial dentures principles to perform periodontal plastic surgery followed by esthetic rehabilitation. A female patient, 40-year-old, presented complaint about dental esthetics. After clinical and radiographic exams, metal-ceramics crowns (teeth 11, 12, 13, 21, 22 and 23) were considered unsatisfactory due to marginal leakage, color change in gingival tissue associated to metallic margin, and gummy smile. So, a crown lengthening surgery of anterior teeth was performed followed by rehabilitation of superior teeth with In-Ceram single crowns. Clinical significance: The interaction between periodontics and fixed prosthodontic area is the key of an adequated treatment planning which involves gingival smile to provide function and an esthetic condition in association with an esthetic, resistant and predictable material.

Dimensional effects on the momentum distribution of bosonic trimer states

The momentum distribution is a powerful probe of strongly interacting systems that are expected to display universal behavior. This is contained in the contact parameters which relate few- and many-body properties. Here we consider a Bose gas in two dimensions and explicitly show that the two-body contact parameter is universal and then demonstrate that the momentum distribution at next-to-leading order has a logarithmic dependence on momentum which is vastly different from the three-dimensional case. Based on this, we propose a scheme for measuring the effective dimensionality of a quantum many-body system by exploiting the functional form of the momentum distribution. © 2013 American Physical Society.

Advanced network reconfiguration system applied to CEMIG-D system

In the network reconfiguration context, the challenge nowadays is to improve the system in order to get intelligent systems that are able to monitor the network and produce refined information to support the operator decisions in real time, this because the network is wide, ramified and in some places difficult to access. The objective of this paper is to present the first results of the network reconfiguration algorithm that has been developed to CEMIG-D. The algorithm's main idea is to provide a new network configuration, after an event (fault or study case), based on an initial condition and aiming to minimize the affected load, considering the restrictions of load flow equations, maximum capacity of the lines as well as equipments and substations, voltage limits and system radial operation. Initial tests were made considering real data from the system, provided by CEMIG-D and it reveals very promising results. © 2013 IEEE.

Uma abordagem nebulosa de raciocínio baseado em casos para recomendação de sistemas marítimos de produção de petróleo

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE

Educação matemática online: a elaboração de projetos de modelagem

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Bayesian inference for two-parameter gamma distribution assuming different noninformative priors

In this paper distinct prior distributions are derived in a Bayesian inference of the two-parameters Gamma distribution. Noniformative priors, such as Jeffreys, reference, MDIP, Tibshirani and an innovative prior based on the copula approach are investigated. We show that the maximal data information prior provides in an improper posterior density and that the different choices of the parameter of interest lead to different reference priors in this case. Based on the simulated data sets, the Bayesian estimates and credible intervals for the unknown parameters are computed and the performance of the prior distributions are evaluated. The Bayesian analysis is conducted using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to generate samples from the posterior distributions under the above priors.

Mapeamento do conhecimento no processode atribuição de aulas em Escolas Técnicas

This article has the objective to describe the importance of management knowledge. And, for that, we have done a study upon a case, based on the mapping of the process of classes distribution in the Escolas Técnicas do Centro Paula Souza. The management of knowledge is a way to provide it to the people, considering that knowledge becomes a fundamental and necessary resource to the development of the privante or public organizations. The use of knowledge maps becomes a crucial factor in this process of transformation of tacit knowledge into explicit, because having a high knowledge level, and socialize it, is as essential and important as all the other resources that exist within the institutions.

Progettazione e sviluppo di un sistema esperto per il "Menu Planning"

La dieta, nell’antica medicina greca, rappresentava il complesso delle norme di vita, come l’alimentazione, l’attività fisica, il riposo, atte a mantenere lo stato di salute di una persona. Al giorno d’oggi le si attribuisce un significato fortemente legato all’alimentazione, puo` riferirsi al complesso di cibi che una persona mangia abitualmente oppure, con un messaggio un po' più moderno, ad una prescrizione di un regime alimentare da parte di un medico. Ogni essere umano mangia almeno tre volte al giorno, ognuno in base al proprio stile di vita, cultura, età, etc. possiede differenti abitudini alimentari che si ripercuotono sul proprio stato di salute. Inconsciamente tutti tengono traccia degli alimenti mangiati nei giorni precedenti, chi più chi meno, cercando di creare quindi una pianificazione di cosa mangiare nei giorni successivi, in modo da variare i pasti o semplicemente perchè si segue un regime alimentare particolare per un certo periodo. Diventa quindi fondamentale tracciare questa pianificazione, in tal modo si puo' tenere sotto controllo la propria alimentazione, che è in stretta relazione con il proprio stato di salute e stress, e si possono applicare una serie di aggiustamenti dove necessario. Questo è quello che cerca di fare il “Menu Planning”, offrire una sorta di guida all’alimentazione, permettendo così di aver sotto controllo tutti gli aspetti legati ad essa. Si pensi, ad esempio, ai prezzi degli alimenti, chiunque vorrebbe minimizzare la spesa, mangiare quello che gli piace senza dover per forza rinunciare a quale piccolo vizio quotidiano. Con le tecniche di “Menu Planning” è possibile avere una visione di insieme della propria alimentazione. La prima formulazione matematica del “Menu Planning” (allora chiamato diet problem) nacque durante gli anni ’40, l’esercito Americano allora impegnano nella Seconda Guerra Mondiale voleva abbassare i costi degli alimenti ai soldati mantenendo però inalterata la loro dieta. George Stingler, economista americano, trovò una soluzione, formulando un problema di ottimizzazione e vincendo il premio Nobel in Economia nel 1982. Questo elaborato tratta dell’automatizzazione di questo problema e di come esso possa essere risolto con un calcolatore, facendo soprattutto riferimento a particolari tecniche di intelligenza artificiale e di rappresentazione della conoscenza, nello specifico il lavoro si è concentrato sulla progettazione e sviluppo di un ES case-based per risolvere il problema del “Menu Planning”. Verranno mostrate varie tecniche per la rappresentazione della conoscenza e come esse possano essere utilizzate per fornire supporto ad un programma per elaboratore, partendo dalla Logica Proposizionale e del Primo Ordine, fino ad arrivare ai linguaggi di Description Logic e Programmazione Logica. Inoltre si illustrerà come è possibile raccogliere una serie di informazioni mediante procedimenti di Knowledge Engineering. A livello concettuale è stata introdotta un’architettura che mette in comunicazione l’ES e un Ontologia di alimenti con l’utilizzo di opportuni framework di sviluppo. L’idea è quella di offrire all’utente la possibilità di vedere la propria pianificazione settimanale di pasti e dare dei suggerimenti su che cibi possa mangiare durante l’arco della giornata. Si mostreranno quindi le potenzialità di tale architettura e come essa, tramite Java, riesca a far interagire ES case-based e Ontologia degli alimenti.

The Digital Economy Act in the dock: a proportionate ruling

The UK’s Digital Economy Act 2010 contains measures to enforce copyright on the Internet, specifically a two-tiered form of a graduated response.The Act was challenged in the High Court by two of the UK’s biggest Internet Service Providers (ISP), who obtained a Judicial Review of the copyright enforce- ment provisions. This paper is an overview of the case, based on the hearing of March 2011 and the ensuing judgement. It focuses on the two most hotly contested grounds for the challenge, namely an al- leged failure to notify the European Commission under the Technical Standards Directive, and the pro- portionality or otherwise of the contested provisions. It observes how the judgement accepted the defence argumentation of the government and the copyright owners as interested parties, and how the ISPs appeared to be put on the back foot.

New ruralities – old gender dynamics?: A reflection on high-value crop agriculture in the light of the feminisation debates

While a remarkable continuity in smallholder agricultural production has been identified, the shift from subsistence orientation towards more wage dependence appears in a different light when analysed under a gender perspective. "Feminisation" has been a catchphrase to characterise some of these processes; however, the debate has been subject to overgeneralisation, and can only inadequately grasp the gender dynamics in what has been referred to as "new ruralities". Illustrated for high-value crop production as an expression of agricultural transition in the Global South, this contribution offers a critical account of the feminisation thesis. Instead of discarding the notion of feminisation, it advocates a reassessment of its potential as a comprehensive framework against which empirical findings can be reflected. While conventional uses of the feminisation thesis have, in their great majority, come up with the conclusion that for women it can always only get worse, I propose a perspective which reveals gains and risks and how they are shared between men and women as they engage in new agricultural labour markets. This perspective rests on a methodology for case-based, comparative studies developed in this paper as a contribution for assessing the nature of agricultural transition and to investigate the qualitative change associated with new ruralities. A distinctive appreciation of the substance of agricultural change for different members of the rural society – namely men and women, but also different men, and different women – is the premise for overcoming barriers to shared development, and for framing effective governance in the context of global development.

Improvement of the processes around the radiology workplace : avoidance of time delays

Radiologists have been confronted with multiple new challenges in recent years. While there has been a steady increase in the number of radiological examinations and imaging material per examination, examination protocols have become more complex and highly time-consuming whereas case-based remuneration is on the decline. The identification of inefficient components in examination processes and reporting is therefore essential. Where and why do time delays occur? How can they be avoided? The following article provides a brief overview and is designed to stimulate discussion.

Variation in treatment strategies of Swiss general practitioners for subclinical hypothyroidism in older adults.

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY As the best management of subclinical hypothyroidism is controversial, we aimed to assess variations in treatment strategies depending on different Swiss regions, physician and patient characteristics. METHODS We performed a case-based survey among general practitioners (GPs) in different Swiss regions, which consisted of eight hypothetical cases presenting a female patient with subclinical hypothyroidism and nonspecific complaints differing by age, vitality status and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. RESULTS A total of 262 GPs participated in the survey. There was considerable variation in the levothyroxine starting dose chosen by GPs, ranging from 25 µg to 100 µg. Across the Swiss regions, GPs in the Bern region were significantly more inclined to treat, with a higher probability of initiating treatment (60%, p = 0.01) and higher mean starting doses (45 µg, p <0.01) compared with the French-speaking region (44%, 36 µg); the Zurich region had intermediate values (52%, 39 µg). We found no association between treatment rate and other physician characteristics. GPs were more reluctant to initiate treatment in 85-year-old than in 70-year-old women (odds ratio [OR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.94), and more likely to treat women with a TSH of 15 mU/l than those with a TSH of 6mU/l (OR 8.71, 95% CI 6.21-12.20). CONCLUSIONS There are strong variations in treatment strategies for elderly patients with subclinical hypothyroidism across different Swiss regions, including use of higher starting doses than the recommended 25 µg in the Swiss guidelines, which recommend a starting dose of 25 µg. These variations likely reflect the current uncertainty about the benefits of treatment, which arise from the current lack of evidence from adequately powered clinical trials.