Hādhihi Taqrīrāt rāʼiqah wa-taḥqīqāt fāʼiqah

nammaqahā Muḥammad al-Azharī najl al-Ḥasan al-ʻAdawī al-Ḥamzāwī. Washshaḥa bihā ḥawāshī Muḥammad al-Ḥifnī ʻalá Sharḥ al-Risālah al-waḍʻīyah al-ʻAḍudīyah / li-Abī al-Qāsim al-Samarqandī wa-bi-hāmishihā al-ḥawāshī al-madhkūrah maʻa al-sharḥ al-madhkūr.

Ḥāshiyat al-Kaffawī ʻalá ʻIṣām al-waḍʻīyah

Muḥammad al-Kaffawī ibn al-Ḥājj Ḥumayd.

[ Majmūʻat rasāʼil]

li-Maḥmūd Afandī al-Ḥamzāwī.

Risālat Bulūgh al-amānī fī manāqib al-Shaykh Sīdī Aḥmad al-Tijānī

Aḥmad Adīb al-Makkī.

Ḥawāshin ʻalá fann al-umūr al-ʻāmmah min Sharḥ al-Mawāqif : manuscript, [ca. 1700]

Written in one column, 17 lines per page, in black and red.

Majmūʻat al-rasāʼil fī ādāb al-baḥth : manuscript, 1869 or 70

1. Risālah fī ādāb al-muṭālaʻah / Ḥāmid ibn Burhān ibn Abī Dharr al-Ghifārī (ff. 1r-6v) -- 2. Ādāb ʻUthmānīyah (ff. 7r-14r) -- 3. Ādāb Sharīfīyah fī al-munāẓarah / al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī (ff. 15r-27r) -- 4. Sharḥ ādāb al-baḥth fī ʻilm al-munāẓarah lil-ʻAḍudī (ff. 28r-46v) -- 5. Ḥāshiyah ʻalá Sharḥ Ādāb al-Ḥanafī (ff. 47r-55v).

Hādhihi risālat al-ʻIqd al-thamīn fī sharḥ al-ḥadīth al-musalsal bi-al-Dimashqīyīn / taʼlīf al-Shaykh al-Imām al-ʻĀlim al-ʻĀmil al-Shaykh Ismāʻīl al-ʻAjlūnī : manuscript, [1749 or 1750]

Ownership statements on f. 1r signed ʻAlī al-ʻImādī, 1175 AH [1761 or 62 AD]; Ḥāmid al-Bakrī, 1192 AH [1178-9 AD]; Muḥammad ibn Saʻīd ibn Amīn al-Munayyir (or: al-Munīr), Jumādá al-Thānī 1243 [1827-8]. On fly leaf [1]: Muḥammad Saʻīd ... al-Ḥusaynī al-Dimashqī, Rabīʻ al-Awwal [1]282 [1865]; Muḥammad Abū al-... al-Ḥusaynī al-..., 17 Jumādá al-ūlá 1317 [1899];.

Hādhihī al-risālah Naṣīḥat al-ikhwān fī ṣawm Rajab wa-Shaʻbān wa-Ramaḍān / taʼlīf al-Shaykh al-ʻĀlim al-ʻĀllāmah al-ʻUmdah al-Fahhāmah al-Shaykh Ismāʻīl al-Jarrāḥī al-ʻAjlūnī : manuscript, undated

Holograph copy.

Baḥr al-kalām / li-Abī Muʻīn al-Nasafī : manuscript, undated

Title from fol. 1r.

Sharḥ al-Mawāqif : manuscript, 1455

Copy completed on 9 Shawwāl 859 AH [September 21, 1455 AD].

The late Pliocene pollen record of ODP Site 108-658 off Cape Blanc, Atlantic Ocean

A 200 m long marine pollen record from ODP Site 658 (21°N, 19°W) reveals cyclic fluctuations in vegetation and continental climate in northwestern Africa from 3.7 to 1.7 Ma. These cycles parallel oxygen isotope stages. Prior to 3.5 Ma, the distribution of tropical forests and mangrove swamps reached Cape Blanc, 5°N of the present distribution. Between 3.5 and 2.6 Ma, forests occurred at this latitude during irregular intervals and nearly disappeared afterwards. Likewise, a Saharan paleoriver flowed continuously until isotope Stage 134 (3.35 Ma). When river discharge ceased, wind transport of pollen grains prevailed over fluvial transport. Pollen indicators of trade winds gradually increased between 3.3 and 2.5 Ma. A strong aridification of the climate of northwestern Africa occurred during isotope Stage 130 (3.26 Ma). Afterwards, humid conditions reestablised followed by another aridification around 2.7 Ma. Repetitive latitudinal shifts of vegetation zones ranging from wooded savanna to desert flora dominated for the first time between between 2.6 and 2.4 Ma as a response to the glacial stages 104, 100 and 98. Although climatic conditions, recorded in the Pliocene, were not as dry as those of the middle and Late Pleistocene, latitudinal vegetation shifts near the end of the Pliocene resembled those of the interglacial-glacial cycles of the Brunhes chron.

Pollen, DNA and Vegetation records from surface sediments of lacustrine lakes along a forest tundra - tundra transect at the Taymyr peninsula, northern Siberia

Reliable information of past vegetation changes are important to project future changes, especially for areas undergoing rapid transitioning such as the boreal treeline. The application of detailed sedDNA records has the potential to enhance our understanding of vegetation changes gained mainly from pollen studies of lake sediments. This study investigates sedDNA and pollen records from 31 lakes along a gradient of increasing larch forest cover in northern Siberia (Taymyr Peninsula) and compares them with vegetation field surveys within the lake's catchment. With respect to vegetation richness, sedDNA recorded 114 taxa, about half of them to species level, while pollen analyses identified 43 pollen taxa. Both approaches exceed the 31 taxa revealed by vegetation field surveys of 400 m**2 plots. From north to south, Larix percentages increase, as is consistently recorded by all three methods. Furthermore, tundra sites are separated from forested sites in the plots of the principal component analyses. Comparison of ordination results by Procrustes and Protest analyses yields a significant fit among all compared pairs of records. Despite the overall comparability of sedDNA and pollen analyses certain idiosyncrasies in the compositional signal are observed, such as high percentages of Alnus and Betula in all pollen spectra and high percentages of Salix in all sedDNA spectra. In conclusion, our results from the treeline show that sedDNA analyses perform better than pollen in recording site-specific richness (i.e. presence/absence of certain vegetation taxa in the direct vicinity of the lake) and perform as good as pollen in tracing regional vegetation composition.

Changes in the vegetation and trade winds in equatorial Northwest Africa 140,000-70,000 yr B.P., as deduced from two marine pollen records

The deep-sea cores M 16415-2 and M 16416-2 at about 9°N off Sierra Leone were analysed palynologically for the time interval 140,000-70,000 yr B.P. Results were presented in absolute (pollen concentration and pollen influx) and relative diagrams (pollen percentage). In a previous study it was evidenced that in northwest Africa pollen is mainly transported to the Atlantic by wind, so that the efficiency of aeolian pollen transport (pollen flux) could be used to evaluate changes in the intensity of the northeast trade winds. The glacial episodes (represented by the oxygen isotope stages 6 and 4) are characterized by strong northeast trade winds, whereas the last interglacial (stage 5) is characterized by weak trade winds. The pollen influx diagram shows that the intensity of the trade winds increased slightly during the relatively cool intervals of stage 5 (viz. 5.4 and 5.2). Tropical forest had maximally expanded around 124,000 yr B.P. (stage 5.5), around 98,000 yr B.P. (transition of stage 5.3 to 5.2), and around 70,000 yr B.P. (first part of stage 4): an increasing delay of the response of tropical forest to global intervals with maximum temperature is apparent during the last interglacial. As tropical forests need continuous humidity, the record of tropical forest monitors changes in climatic humidity south of the Sahara. During the last interglacial, the southern boundary of the Sahara shifted only little: expansions and contractions of the tropical forest area are correlated with contra-oscillations of the grass-dominated savanna zone. Great latitudinal shifts of the desert savanna boundary, on the contrary, occurred during the penultimate glacial interglacial transition (around 128,000 yr B.P.) to the north, and during the last interglacial-glacial transition (around 65,000 yr B.P.) to the south.

Palynological and stratigraphic record from Löddigsee in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany

A Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediment core from the nowadays terrestrialised portion of the Löddigsee in Southern Mecklenburg, Germany was palynologically investigated. The lake is situated in the rarely investigated Young moraine area at the transition from the Weichselian to the Saalian glaciation. The high-resolution pollen diagram contributes to the establishment of the north-eastern German Late Pleistocene pollen stratigraphy. The vegetation distribution pattern after the end of the Weichselian is in good agreement with other studies from North-eastern Germany, but also has its own characteristics. The Holocene vegetation development reveals features from the north-eastern and north-western German lowlands. A special focus was laid on the environmental history of the two settlements on an island within the lake (Late Neolithic and Younger Slavic period), which were preserved under moist conditions. Both settlements were constructed during a period of low lake level. Although there is evidence of agriculture in the area during the respective periods, the two island settlements seem to have served other purposes.

Sefer Raban shel kol bene ha-golah : kolel toldot meshakhlel ha-Yahadut ha-Talmudit be-artsot ha-golah Rav o Aba Arikha ... /

"... ʻal-pi shene ha-Talmudim ṿeha-midrashim ṿe-yeter ha-meḳorim sheba-sifrut ha-Talmudit ṿe-ʻal pi ha-ḥaḳirot ha-ḥadashot ʻa. d. ha-goyim, she-ḥayu bi-zemano shel Rav uve-yiḥud ʻa. pi ha-sefer "Divre yeme Paras ha-ḳedumah" le-Dr. Ferdinand Yusṭi.