Impacto socioeconômico das políticas sanitárias sobre os estabelecimentos avícolas comerciais de postura da regional agropecuária de Limeira, estado de São Paulo

É reconhecida a importância da avicultura para o agronegócio e para o desenvolvimento do Brasil. Mas o País tem enfrentado grande concorrência internacional, que se traduz em barreiras sanitárias e exigências cada vez maiores de controle de seu rebanho por parte dos importadores. Neste sentido, o Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) publicou uma série de atos legais para viabilizar a organização dos programas de saúde animal, entre eles as Instruções Normativas n° 56/2007, n° 59/2009, n°36/2012 e n°10/2013, para estabelecer os procedimentos para registro e fiscalização de estabelecimentos avícolas comerciais e de reprodução, voltados à biosseguridade do sistema avícola. Como todos os setores produtivos, a avicultura é fortemente influenciada pela sua estrutura de custos, de modo que há um certo sentimento de que a adequação às medidas de biosseguridade, preconizadas pelas normativas, pode impactar a atividade de produção de ovos comerciais de modo a levar, eventualmente, alguns avicultores ao abandono da mesma. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o impacto socioeconômico das políticas sanitárias para estabelecimentos avícolas comerciais de postura da regional agropecuária de Limeira, Estado de São Paulo, analisando o perfil socioeconômico da propriedade e do produtor e, estimando o custo de produção e seu impacto em atendimento às medidas de biosseguridade preconizadas pelas normativas. Para a análise do perfil das propriedades foram utilizados os dados dos 28 estabelecimentos avícolas, levantados por meio de documentação para registro. Para a análise do perfil do produtor e para estimar os custos de produção foram considerados dez estabelecimentos, voluntários à pesquisa, visitados entre os meses de junho e julho de 2013. O resultado do estudo sugere que as adequações à biosseguridade podem ser factíveis de serem realizadas economicamente, sendo o custo relativamente pequeno frente aos possíveis riscos de enfermidades, representando entre 1,61% e 2,09% do custo total de produção. No entanto, as sucessivas alterações nas legislações podem fazer com que o programa de sanidade avícola perca a credibilidade diante da sociedade e dos produtores que demonstram resistência às mudanças nos paradigmas zoosanitários

Redes sociales en el entorno radiofónico: el uso de Twitter como fuente periodística en la Cadena SER

La incorporación de Twitter al ámbito de la comunicación ha supuesto una serie de cambios en el entorno periodístico que afectan no sólo a la distribución de las noticias, sino también a la identificación de fuentes, tendencias y noticias de alcance. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la estrategia de utilización periodística de Twitter como fuente informativa por parte de la Cadena SER. La metodología empleada es el análisis de contenido del perfil de Twitter de los cuatro programas informativos más representativos de la emisora durante los meses de julio a diciembre de 2012. Los resultados apuntan la prevalencia de esta plataforma como mecanismo de interconexión con el sistema mediático, frente a su posible uso como espacio en el que identificar e incorporar a su audiencia como fuente potencial.

Relevancia del papel del planificador estratégico en la investigación publicitaria

La investigación sobre el consumidor ha sido el eje central del trabajo del planificador estratégico desde el nacimiento de la profesión en 1968. En concreto, en el origen de la disciplina de la Planificación Estratégica está la relevancia de la investigación cualitativa como fuente fiable para conocer en profundidad al consumidor y poder desarrollar campañas de comunicación eficaces, relevantes y distintivas. Por ello, y por la repercusión que tiene el conocimiento profundo del consumidor hoy en día, se va a hacer un repaso bibliográfico por las funciones que tradicionalmente ha adquirido el planificador en relación a la investigación para después aplicarlo a la realidad española actual a partir de un estudio empírico a los planificadores estratégicos españoles. El artículo termina con una reflexión sobre el papel relevante que el planner tendrá en un futuro muy próximo en el panorama de Big Data.

A Mineralogical Study of a Dravitic Tourmaline from the Grenville Province

Tourmaline from a gem-quality deposit in the Grenville province has been studied with X-ray diffraction, visible-near infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe and optical measurements. The tourmaline is found within tremolite-rich calc-silicate pods hosted in marble of the Central Metasedimentary Belt. The crystals are greenish-greyish-brown and have yielded facetable material up to 2.09 carats in size. Using the classification of Henry et al. 2011 the tourmaline is classified as a dravite, with a representative formula shown to be (Na0.73Ca0.2380.032)(Mg2+2.913Fe2+0.057Ti4+0.030) (Al3+5.787Fe3+0.017Mg2+0.14)(Si6.013O18)(BO3)3(OH)3((OH,O)0.907F0.093). Rietveld analysis of powder diffraction data gives a = 15.9436(8) Å, c = 7.2126(7) Å and a unit cell volume of 1587.8 Å3. A polished thin section was cut perpendicular to the c-axis of one tourmaline crystal, which showed zoning from a dark brown core into a lighter rim into a thin darker rim and back into lighter zonation. Through the geochemical data, three key stages of crystal growth can be seen within this thin section. The first is the core stage which occurs from the dark core to the first colourless zone; the second is from this colourless zone increasing in brown colour to the outer limit before a sudden absence of colour is noted; the third is a sharp change from the end of the second and is entirely colourless. These events are the result of metamorphism and hydrothermal fluids resulting from nearby felsic intrusive plutons. Scanning electron microscope, and electron microprobe traverses across this cross-section revealed that the green colour is the result of iron present throughout the system while the brown colour is correlated with titanium content. Crystal inclusions in the tourmaline of chlorapatite, and zircon were identified by petrographic analysis and confirmed using scanning electron microscope data and occur within the third stage of formation.

Caracterização de defeitos ósseos maxilares: estudo imagiológico

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Caracterização das condições orais dos pacientes crónicos em diálise: um estudo descritivo

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Increased calcium influx mediates increased cardiac stiffness in hyperthyroid rats

Cardiac remodeling (hypertrophy and fibrosis) and an increased left ventricular diastolic stiffness characterize models of hypertension such as the SHR and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. By contrast, hyperthyroidism induces hypertrophy and hypertension, yet collagen expression and deposition is unchanged or decreased, whereas diastolic stiffness is increased. We determined the possible role of increased calcium influx in the development of increased diastolic stiffness in hyperthyroidism by administering verapamil (15 mg/[kg(.)d] orally) to rats given triiodothyronine (T-3) (0.5 mg/[kg.d] subcutaneously for 14 d). Administration of T3 significantly increased body temperature (control: 36.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C; T-3: 39.6 +/- 0.2 degrees C), left ventricular wet weight (control: 2.09 +/- 0.02 mg/kg; T-3 3.07 +/- 0.07 mg/kg), systolic blood pressure (control: 128 +/- 5 mmHg; T-3: 156 +/- 4 mmHg), and left ventricular diastolic stiffness (control: 20.6 +/- 2.0; T-3: 28.8 +/- 1.4). Collagen content of the left ventricle was unchanged. Contractile response to noradrenaline in thoracic aortic rings was reduced. Relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) was also reduced in T-3-treated rats, whereas sodium nitroprusside response was unchanged. Verapamil treatment of hyperthyroid rats completely prevented the increased diastolic stiffness and systolic blood pressure while attenuating the increased body temperature and left ventricular weight; collagen content remained unchanged. ACh response in thoracic aortic rings was restored by verapamil. Thus, in hyperthyroid rats, an increased calcium influx is a potential mediator of the increased diastolic stiffness independent of changes in collagen.

Is health care seeking for irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia a socially learned response to illness?

In a population-based study of 207 subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional dyspepsia (FD) and controls (n = 100), we aimed to determine whether dimensions of abnormal illness behavior from the Abnormal Illness Behaviour Questionnaire and aspects of social learning of illness behavior from the Social Learning of Illness Behaviour scale were independent predictors of health care seeking for IBS and FD. Results showed that dimensions of abnormal illness behavior and aspects of social learning of illness behavior (encouragement, reinforcement, and modeling) did not significantly differentiate between consulters and nonconsulters with IBS and/or FD. The Disease Conviction scale (OR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15-2.09) of the Abnormal Illness Behaviour Questionnaire was an independent predictor of having a diagnosis of IBS and/or FD, independent of age and gender, psychiatric diagnoses, and symptom severity. We conclude that a belief in the presence of serious pathology characterizes community subjects with IBS and FD, but not health care seeking.

Genomewide linkage study in 1,176 affected sister pair families identifies a significant susceptibility locus for endometriosis on chromosome 10q26

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease that affects up to 10% of women in their reproductive years. It causes pelvic pain, severe dysmenorrhea, and subfertility. The disease is defined as the presence of tissue resembling endometrium in sites outside the uterus. Its cause remains uncertain despite 150 years of hypothesis-driven research, and thus the therapeutic options are limited. Disease predisposition is inherited as a complex genetic trait, which provides an alternative route to understanding the disease. We seek to identify susceptibility loci, using a positional-cloning approach that starts with linkage analysis to identify genomic regions likely to harbor these genes. We conducted a linkage study of 1,176 families ( 931 from an Australian group and 245 from a U. K. group), each with at least two members-mainly affected sister pairs-with surgically diagnosed disease. We have identified a region of significant linkage on chromosome 10q26 ( maximum LOD score [MLS] of 3.09; genomewide P = .047) and another region of suggestive linkage on chromosome 20p13 MLS p 2.09). Minor peaks with MLS > 1.0) were found on chromosomes 2, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14, 15, and 17. This is the first report of linkage to a major locus for endometriosis. The findings will facilitate discovery of novel positional genetic variants that influence the risk of developing this debilitating disease. Greater understanding of the aberrant cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of endometriosis should lead to better diagnostic methods and targeted treatments.

Australian and New Zealand practice in intensive care (ANZPIC II: The spectrum of practice in the diagnosis and management of pneumonia in patients requiring mechanical ventilation

This study of ventilated patients investigated current clinical practice in 476 episodes of pneumonia (48% community-acquired pneumonia, 24% hospital-acquired pneumonia, 28% ventilator-associated pneumonia) using a prospective survey in 14 intensive care units (ICUs) within Australia and New Zealand. Diagnostic methods and confidence, disease severity, microbiology and antibiotic use were assessed. All pneumonia types had similar mortality (community-acquired pneumonia 33%, hospital-acquired pneumonia 37% and ventilator-associated pneumonia 24%, P = 0.15) with no inter-hospital differences (P = 0.08-0.91). Bronchoscopy was performed in 26%, its use predicted by admission hospital (one tertiary: OR 9.98, CI 95% 5.11-19.49, P < 0.001; one regional: OR 629, CI 95% 3.24-12.20, P < 0.001), clinical signs of consolidation (OR 3.72, CI 95% 2.09-662, P < 0.001) and diagnostic confidence (OR 2.19, CI 95% 1.29-3.72, P = 0.004). Bronchoscopy did not predict outcome (P = 0.11) or appropriate antibiotic selection (P = 0.69). Inappropriate antibiotic prescription was similar for all pneumonia types (11-13%, P = 0.12) and hospitals (0-16%, P = 0.25). Blood cultures were taken in 51% of cases. For community-acquired pneumonia, 70% received a third generation cephalosporin and 65% a macrolide. Third generation cephalosporins were less frequently used for mild infections (OR 0.38, CI 95% 0.16-0.90, P = 0.03), hospital-acquired pneumonia (OR 0.40, CI 95% 0.23-0.72, P < 0.01), ventilator-associated pneumonia (OR 0.04, CI 95% 0.02-0.13, P < 0.001), suspected aspiration (OR 0.20, CI 95% 0.04-0.92, P = 0.04), in one regional (OR 0.26, CI 95% 0.07-0.97, P = 0.05) and one tertiary hospital (OR 0.14, CI 95% 0.03-0.73, P = 0.02) but were more commonly used in older patients (OR 1.02, CI 95% 1.01-1.03, P = 0.01). There is practice variability in bronchoscopy and antibiotic use for pneumonia in Australian and New Zealand ICUs without significant impact on patient outcome, as the prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic prescription is low. There are opportunities for improving microbiological diagnostic work-up for isolation of aetiological pathogens.

A Transdiagnostic Approach to Understanding Eating Disorders

Categorical models dominate the eating disorder field, but the tandem use of categorical and dimensional models has been proposed. A transdiagnostic dimensional model, number of lifetime eating disorder behaviors (LEDB), was examined with respect to (1) its relationship to a variety of indicators of the individual's functioning, (2) the degree to which it was influenced by genetic and environmental risk factors, and (3) exposure to specific environmental risk factors. Data from self-report and interview from 1002 female twins (mean age = 34.91 years, SD = 2.09) were examined. While 15.4% women met criteria for a lifetime eating disorder, 29% had at least one LEDB. The dimensional measure provided an indicator of associated functioning, and was influenced primarily by the nonshared environment. The number of LEDB was associated with the degree of impaired functioning. This impairment was associated with conflict between parents and criticism from parents when growing up.