Spectacle acceptance among secondary school students in rural China: the Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study (X-PRES)--report 5.

PURPOSE: To assess determinants of spectacle acceptance and use among rural Chinese children. METHODS: Children with uncorrected acuity < or = 6/12 in either eye and whose presenting vision could be improved > or = 2 lines with refraction were identified from a school-based sample of 1892 students. Information on obtaining glasses and the benefits of spectacles was provided to children, families, and teachers. Purchase of new spectacles and reasons for nonpurchase were assessed by direct inspection and interview 3 months later. RESULTS: Among 674 (35.6%) children requiring spectacles (mean age, 14.7 +/- 0.8 years), 597 (88.6%) were followed up. Among 339 children with no glasses at baseline, 30.7% purchased spectacles, whereas 43.2% of 258 children with inaccurate glasses replaced them. Most (70%) subjects paid US$13 to $26. Among children with bilateral vision < or = 6/18, 45.6% bought glasses. In multivariate models, presenting vision < 6/12 (P < 0.009), refractive error < -2.0 D (P < 0.001), and amount willing to pay for glasses (P = 0.01) were predictors of purchase. Reasons for nonpurchase included satisfaction with current vision (78% of those with glasses at baseline, 49% of those without), concerns over price or parental refusal (18%), and fear glasses would weaken the eyes (13%). Only 26% of children stated that they usually wore their new glasses. CONCLUSIONS: Many families in rural China will pay for glasses, though spectacle acceptance was < 50%, even among children with poor vision. Acceptance could be improved by price reduction, education showing that glasses will not harm the eyes, and parent-focused interventions.

Torpedo Maculopathy with an Anisometropic Amblyopia in a 5-Year-Old Caucasian Girl: Case Report

The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of asymptomatic female Caucasian children with torpedo maculopathy. A 5-year-old girl was referred to our clinic for routine evaluation. The ophthalmic examination revealed best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes, without any changes in the biomicroscopy. Fundus examination showed normal findings in one eye, whereas in the contralateral eye it disclosed, in the temporal sector of the macular region, a whitish, atrophic, oval chorioretinal lesion with clearly defined margins. Posterior evaluations documented the stability of the lesion. Torpedo maculopathy diagnosis is based on its characteristic shape and peculiar location. The differential diagnosis has to be established versus choroidal lesions (melanoma and nevus), congenital or iatrogenic hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and particularly versus the congenital pigmented lesions associated with Gardner's syndrome.

Áreas de pesca de la flota artesanal de la zona norte del Perú (3,4° S A 6,5° S) 1996-1999

Analiza los resultados del procesamiento de la información relacionada a la potencialidad y dinámica extractiva de los pescadores artesanales, del área litoral comprendida entre los paralelos 3,4° y 6,5° de latitud sur (S) y los meridianos 80,0°-82,5°de longitud oeste (W) que conforman la zona de más alta diversidad y producción pesquera artesanal en el litoral peruano, frete a las costas de los departamentos de Tumbes y Piura.

Studies in the synthesis of 4, 5-disubu/stituted phenanthrenes /|nK. Ramakrishnan. -- 260 St. Catharines, Ont. : [s. n.],

The work described in t his thesis was initiated with the intention of exploring new routes for the synthesis of certain 4, 5-disubstituted phenanthrenes. A series of reactions have been investigated in detail and several 4, 5-disubstituted phenanthrenes have been prepared. Some of the methods employed were novel and the yields of products were comparable or even better than the existing routes . A major observation made during the course of this work was the stability of the seven-membered ring system bridging the 4 and 5 positions of the phenanthrene nucleus . It has been found t hat the unbridged structures are not preferred if the compound is capable of isomerising to a bridged form . We have explained this phenomenon in t erms of the stereochemistry of t he 4 and 5 positions of the phenanthrene nucleus as well as the geometry of the bridge . Low temperature NMR studies have been carried out to investigate the conformations of the benzylic hydrogens of some of the 4,5-bridged compounds. However, the results were not conclusive as more than one reason could be attributed t o the observations .

Optimización de la formulación AZS 43 20 37

Tesis ( Maestro en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Mecánica con Especialidad en Materiales ) U.A.N.L.

5 informe de actividades [por] Juan E. Moya Barbosa

UANL

Memoria del secretario de estado y del despacho de Relaciones Exteriores y Gobernación de la República Mexicana correspondiente a la administración provisional en los años de 1841,42 y 43, leida en las Camaras del Congreso Constitucional desde el día 12 al 17 de enero de 1844.

UANL

Geologie et révélation ou historie ancienne de la Terre, considérée a la lumiere des faits geologiques et de la religionrévélée, avec 43 gravures

UANL

L'Inter – vol. 11, no 5, janv. 1970

Pour toute demande de reproduction de contenu se trouvant dans cette publication, communiquer avec l’Association des diplômés de l’UdeM.

L'Action universitaire – vol. 8, no 5, janv. 1942

Pour toute demande de reproduction de contenu se trouvant dans cette publication, communiquer avec l’Association des diplômés de l’UdeM.

INFO2009 The Evolution of Business Models (an audio podcast) Group 5: Team Moreau

An irreverent sideways look at new business models and their effect on the world around us. Designed with Years 9 and 10 in mind.

Diseño de un programa de estimulación integral, dirigido a niños y niñas entre 2 y 5 años de los hogares infantiles del instituto colombiano de bienestar familiar, de la localidad IV San Cristóbal “cresiendo”

Preocupados y comprometidos con los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de lapoblación infantil que crece en medio de condiciones de vulnerabilidad, los autores deeste proyecto presentan a la comunidad educativa1 de los hogares infantiles del InstitutoColombiano de Bienestar Familiar, de la localidad IV San Cristóbal un programa deestimulación integral, con el propósito de potencializar el desarrollo infantil, favoreciendolos procesos básicos del aprendizaje y la adaptación al contexto cotidiano. Lo anteriorse fundamenta en el uso y desarrollo de las habilidades sensoriomotoras, cognitivas ysocio – afectivas