Control hardware and Condition Monitoring System for Intersector Weld/Cut Robot

Työ sisältää ohjaislaitteiston vertailun ja valinnan rinnakkaisrakenteista robottia varten sekä kunnonvalvontajärjestelmän periaatteiden laadinnan kyseistä robottia varten. Ohjauslaitteisto sisältää teollisuustietokoneen sekä kenttäväylän. Sekä tietokoneesta että väylästä on teoriaosuus ja yksityiskohtaisempi valintaosuus. Teoriaosuudessa selitetään tarkemmin laitteiden toimintaperiaatteista. Valintaosuudessa kerrotaanmiksi jokin tietty laite on valittu käytettäväksi robotin ohjauksessa. Kunnonvalvontateoria ja rinnakkaisrakenteisen robotin kunnonvalvonnan keinot ovat työn toinen osa. Teoriaosa sisältää yleisluonteisen selvityksen vikaantumisesta ja valvonnasta. Erikoisrobotin kunnonvalvonnan keinot esitetään työssä tietyssä järjestyksessä. Ensin esitetään mahdolliset vikatilanteet. Toisessa kohdassa havainnollistetaan vikojen havaitseminen.

Delayed delivery of second twin: a multicentre study of 35 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct a statistical analysis to determine the outcome of conservative treatment after delivery of a first fetus in multiple pregnancy and thus define new prognostic factors. STUDY DESIGN: Multicentre retrospective study involving 12 centers over a 10-year period. RESULTS: Twenty-eight twin pregnancies and seven triplet pregnancies which were managed conservatively. In twin pregnancies, 79% of the delayed-delivery fetuses survived; only 7% of the first delivered fetuses survived. The mean interval between deliveries was 47 days. No statistical difference was found concerning cerclage, antibiotic therapy, tocolysis and hospitalization. Earlier delivery of the first twin and premature rupture of membranes for the second twin were significantly related to a longer interval between deliveries. CONCLUSION: Delayed delivery in multifetal pregnancies can be successful if there are no contraindications and these pregnancies are managed in a tertiary perinatal center. Publications limited to successful cases have undoubtedly introduced some bias in assessment.

Sähkökaupan riskit ja riskienhallinta

Diplomityön tavoitteena on luoda kokonaisvaltainen kuva sähkökaupassa esiintyvistä riskeistä ja niiden analysointi- sekä hallintamenetelmistä. Toinen päätavoitteista on lisätä ymmärrystä markkinoiden erikoispiirteistä, kuten siirtokapasiteettirajoituksista, kysynnän hintajouston puutteesta ja markkinoiden keskittyneisyydestä, sekä arvioida niiden merkitystä sähkökaupan riskienhallinnan näkökulmasta. Markkinoiden erikoispiirteet ja sähkön tuotantoon ja kulutukseen vaikuttavat fundamentaaliset tekijät aiheuttavat suuria muutoksia pörssisähkön hintatasossa. Sähkön volatiliteetti yhdessä useiden muiden riskitekijöiden kanssa aiheuttaa sähkökaupantoimijoille todellisen tarpeen riskienhallinnalle. Sähkökauppa tarjoaa haasteellisen toimintaympäristön riskienhallinnan näkökulmasta. Sähkökaupassa esiintyvien riskien täydellinen hallitseminen on miltei mahdoton tehtävä, mutta sähkökaupan toimintaympäristön tunteminen ja järjestelmällisesti toteutettu riskienhallinta luovat hyvät edellytykset menestyksekkäälle toiminnalle sähkökaupassa. Diplomityössä käsitellään sähkökaupassa esiintyviä riskejä ja niidensyntyyn vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Näiden asioiden ymmärtäminen luo pohjan sähkökaupan onnistuneelle riskienhallinnalle. Työssä käydään myös läpi yleisimmät sähkökaupassa käytetyt riskianalyysin menetelmät. Diplomityössä esitellään sähköpörssin tarjoamat johdannaistuotteet ja havainnollistetaan niiden käyttöä osana sähkökaupan riskienhallintaa. Työn lopussa käsitellään profiiliriskin muodostumista jasen vaikutuksia sähkön hankintakustannuksiin.

Semantiikan hyödyntäminen dokumenttienhallinnassa

Työn tavoitteena on etsiä asiakasyritykselle sähköteknisen dokumentoinnin hallintaan sopiva järjestelmäratkaisu vertailemalla insinööritoimistojen käyttämien suunnittelujärjestelmien ja yleisten dokumenttien hallintajärjestelmien soveltuvuutta asiakasympäristöön. Työssä tutkitaan sopivien metatietojen kuvaustapojen käyttökelpoisuutta sähköteknisen dokumentoinnin hallintaan esimerkkiprojektien avulla. Työn sisältö koostuu neljästä pääkohdasta. Ensimmäisessä jaksossa tarkastellaan dokumentin ominaisuuksia ja elinkaarta luonnista aktiivikäyttöön, arkistointiin ja hävitykseen. Samassa yhteydessä kerrotaan dokumenttienhallinnan perustehtävistä. Toisessa jaksossa käsitellään dokumenttien kuvailun tavoitteita, kuvailusuosituksia ja -standardeja sekä luonnollisen kielen käyttöä sisällönkuvailussa. Tarkastelukohteina suosituksista ovat W3C:n julkaisemat suositukset, Dublin Core, JHS 143 ja SFS-EN 82045. Kolmannessa jaksossa tarkastellaan teollisuuden dokumentoinnin ominaispiirteitä ja käyttötarkoitusta. Teollisuudessa on monia erilaisia järjestelmäympäristöjä tehtaan sisällä ja työssä kuvataan dokumenttienhallinnan integrointitarpeita muihin järjestelmiin. Viimeisessä jaksossa kuvaillaan erilaisia dokumentoinnin hallintaympäristöjä alkaen järeimmästä päästä tuotetiedon hallintajärjestelmistä siirtyen pienempiinsuunnittelujärjestelmiin ja lopuksi yleisiin dokumenttien hallintajärjestelmiin. Tässä osassa on myös luettelo ohjelmistotoimittajista. Työn tuloksena on laadittu valituista dokumenttityypeistä metatietokuvaukset kahden eri kuvaustavan (JHS 143 ja SFS-EN 82045) avulla ja on todettu molemmat kuvaustavat käyttökelpoisiksi sähköteknisen dokumentoinnin käsittelyyn.Nämä kuvaukset palvelevat asiakasta dokumenttienhallintaprojektin määrittelytyössä. Asiakkaalle on tehty myös vertailu sopivista järjestelmävaihtoehdoista hankintaa varten.

Anterior uveitis and cataract after rubella vaccination: a case report of a 12-month-old girl.

Many reports associating uveitis after vaccination have been reported, including 2 cases after measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. We report the case of a 12-month-old girl who developed a unilateral anterior uveitis with rubeosis and cataract 3 months after an MMR vaccination at 9 months of age. Aqueous humor analysis showed the presence of more rubella-specific immunoglobulin G in the affected eye than in the unaffected one. This is the second report showing an association between MMR vaccine and anterior uveitis and the first supported by the presence of intraocular rubella antibodies.

Analyzing dynamic intellectual capital: System-based theory and application

This research report presents an application of systems theory to evaluating intellectual capital (IC) as organization's ability for self-renewal. As renewal ability is a dynamic capability of an organization as a whole, rather than a static asset or an atomistic competence of separate individuals within the organization, it needs to be understood systemically. Consequently, renewal ability has to be measured with systemic methods that are based on a thorough conceptual analysis of systemic characteristics of organizations. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the theory and analysis methodology for grasping companies' systemic efficiency and renewal ability. The volume is divided into three parts. The first deals with the theory of organizations as self-renewing systems. In the second part, the principles of quantitative analysis of organizations are laid down. Finally, the detailed mathematics of the renewal indices are presented. We also assert that the indices produced by the analysis are an effective tool for the management and valuation of knowledge-intensive companies.

Applying the principles of life cycle assessment and costing in process modeling to examine profit-making capability

Static process simulation has traditionally been used to model complex processes for various purposes. However, the use of static processsimulators for the preparation of holistic examinations aiming at improving profit-making capability requires a lot of work because the production of results requires the assessment of the applicability of detailed data which may be irrelevant to the objective. The relevant data for the total assessment gets buried byirrelevant data. Furthermore, the models do not include an examination of the maintenance or risk management, and economic examination is often an extra property added to them which can be performed with a spreadsheet program. A process model applicable to holistic economic examinations has been developed in this work. The model is based on the life cycle profit philosophy developed by Hagberg and Henriksson in 1996. The construction of the model has utilized life cycle assessment and life cycle costing methodologies with a view to developing, above all, a model which would be applicable to the economic examinations of complete wholes and which would require the need for information focusing on aspects essential to the objectives. Life cycle assessment and costing differ from each other in terms of the modeling principles, but the features of bothmethodologies can be used in the development of economic process modeling. Methods applicable to the modeling of complex processes can be examined from the viewpoint of life cycle methodologies, because they involve the collection and management of large corpuses of information and the production of information for the needs of decision-makers as well. The results of the study shows that on the basis of the principles of life cycle modeling, a process model can be created which may be used to produce holistic efficiency examinations on the profit-making capability of the production line, with fewer resources thanwith traditional methods. The calculations of the model are based to the maximum extent on the information system of the factory, which means that the accuracyof the results can be improved by developing information systems so that they can provide the best information for this kind of examinations.

Responsabilidad civil y daños a los propios bienes. Comentario a las SSTS, 1a, 29.10.2008 (RJ 2008\5801; MP: Román García Varela) y 22.12.2008 (RJ 2009\162; MP: Juan Antonio Xiol Ríos)

En 2008 y en dos ocasiones, la Sala Primera del Tribunal Supremo ha resuelto la cuestión relativa a si el propietario de una finca, la cual había contaminado como consecuencia del desarrollo de su actividad industrial y había vendido ocultando esta circunstancia, es responsable extracontractualmente frente al tercer adquirente por los daños económicos sufridos. En la primera Sentencia, de 29.10.2008, el Tribunal Supremo condena al contaminador por responsabilidad extracontractual. En la segunda, de 22.12.2008, el Tribunal Supremo absuelve a éste de la responsabilidad extracontracual porqué los daños fueron causados a una finca propia.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy with helical TomoTherapy for medically inoperable early stage primary and second-primary non-small-cell lung neoplasm: 1-year outcome and toxicity analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effectiveness of stereotactic body radiotherapy with helical TomoTherapy (T-SBRT) for treating medically inoperable primary and second-primary early stage non-small-cell lung neoplasm (SPLN) and evaluated whether the movement of organizing pneumonia (OP) within the irradiation field (IF) can be detected via analysis of radiological changes. METHODS: Patients (n = 16) treated for 1 year (2011-12) at our hospital by T-SBRT at a total dose of 60 Gy in five fractions were examined retrospectively. Outcome and toxicity were recorded and were separately described for SPLN. CT scans were reviewed by a single radiologist. RESULTS: Of the 16 patients, 5 (31.3%) had primary lung malignancies, 10 (62.5%) had SPLN, and 1 case (6.3%) had isolated mediastinal metastasis of lung neoplasm. Pathological evidence was obtained for 72.2% of all lesions. The median radiological follow-up was 11 months (10.5 months for SPLN). For all cases, the 6- and 12-month survival rates were 100% and 77.7% (100% and 71.4%, respectively, for SPLN), and the 6- and 12-month locoregional control rates were 100% in all cases. 2 (12.5%) of 16 patients developed grade 3 late transient radiation pneumonitis following steroid therapy and 1 (6.3%) presented asymptomatic infiltrates comparable to OP opacities. CONCLUSION: T-SBRT seems to be safe and effective. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Mild OP is likely associated with radiation-induced anomalies in the IF, identification of migrating opacities can help discern relapse of radiation-induced opacities.

Méta-analyses d'essais randomisés sur données individuelles dans le traitement des cancers ORL non métastatiques : principes, résultats, perspectives [Individual patient data meta-analyses of randomized trials for the treatment of non-metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Principles, results and perspectives].

Meta-analyses are considered as an important pillar of evidence-based medicine. The aim of this review is to describe the main principles of a meta-analysis and to use examples of head and neck oncology to demonstrate their clinical impact and methodological interest. The major role of individual patient data is outlined, as well as the superiority of individual patient data over meta-analyses based on published summary data. The major clinical breakthrough of head and neck meta-analyses are summarized, regarding concomitant chemotherapy, altered fractionated chemotherapy, new regimens of induction chemotherapy or the use of radioprotectants. Recent methodological developments are described, including network meta-analyses, the validation of surrogate markers. Lastly, the future of meta-analyses is discussed in the context of personalized medicine.

Dual-Energy CT: Basic Principles, Technical Approaches, and Applications in Musculoskeletal Imaging (Part 1).

In recent years, technological advances have allowed manufacturers to implement dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) on clinical scanners. With its unique ability to differentiate basis materials by their atomic number, DECT has opened new perspectives in imaging. DECT has been used successfully in musculoskeletal imaging with applications ranging from detection, characterization, and quantification of crystal and iron deposits; to simulation of noncalcium (improving the visualization of bone marrow lesions) or noniodine images. Furthermore, the data acquired with DECT can be postprocessed to generate monoenergetic images of varying kiloelectron volts, providing new methods for image contrast optimization as well as metal artifact reduction. The first part of this article reviews the basic principles and technical aspects of DECT including radiation dose considerations. The second part focuses on applications of DECT to musculoskeletal imaging including gout and other crystal-induced arthropathies, virtual noncalcium images for the study of bone marrow lesions, the study of collagenous structures, applications in computed tomography arthrography, as well as the detection of hemosiderin and metal particles.

Dual-Energy CT: Basic Principles, Technical Approaches, and Applications in Musculoskeletal Imaging (Part 2).

In recent years, technological advances have allowed manufacturers to implement dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) on clinical scanners. With its unique ability to differentiate basis materials by their atomic number, DECT has opened new perspectives in imaging. DECT has been successfully used in musculoskeletal imaging with applications ranging from detection, characterization, and quantification of crystal and iron deposits, to simulation of noncalcium (improving the visualization of bone marrow lesions) or noniodine images. Furthermore, the data acquired with DECT can be postprocessed to generate monoenergetic images of varying kiloelectron volts, providing new methods for image contrast optimization as well as metal artifact reduction. The first part of this article reviews the basic principles and technical aspects of DECT including radiation dose considerations. The second part focuses on applications of DECT to musculoskeletal imaging including gout and other crystal-induced arthropathies, virtual noncalcium images for the study of bone marrow lesions, the study of collagenous structures, applications in computed tomography arthrography, as well as the detection of hemosiderin and metal particles.

Redes neurais e suas aplicações em calibração multivariada

Neural Networks are a set of mathematical methods and computer programs designed to simulate the information process and the knowledge acquisition of the human brain. In last years its application in chemistry is increasing significantly, due the special characteristics for model complex systems. The basic principles of two types of neural networks, the multi-layer perceptrons and radial basis functions, are introduced, as well as, a pruning approach to architecture optimization. Two analytical applications based on near infrared spectroscopy are presented, the first one for determination of nitrogen content in wheat leaves using multi-layer perceptrons networks and second one for determination of BRIX in sugar cane juices using radial basis functions networks.

An analytic approach to distribution logistics strategic management

Logistics management is increasingly being recognised by many companies to be of critical concern. The logistics function includes directly or indirectly many of the new areas for achieving or maintaining competitive advantage that companies have been forced to develop due to increasing competitive pressures. The key to achieving a competitive advantage is to manage the logistics function strategically which involves determining the most cost effective method of providing the necessary customer service levels from the many combinations of operating procedures in the areas of transportation, warehousing, order processing and information systems, production, and inventory management. In this thesis, a comprehensive distribution logistics strategic management process is formed by integrating the periodic strategic planning process with a continuous strategic issues management process. Strategic planning is used for defining the basic objectives for a company and assuring co operation and synergy between the different functions of a company while strategic issues management is used on a continuous basis in order to deal with environmental and internal turbulence. The strategic planning subprocess consists of the following main phases: (1) situational analyses, (2) defining the vision and strategic goals for the logistics function, (3) determining objectives and strategies, (4) drawing up tactical action plans, and (5) evaluating the implementation of the plans and making the needed adjustments. The aim of the strategic issues management subprocess is to continuously scan the environment and the organisation for early identification of the issues having a significant impact on the logistics function using the following steps: (1) the identification of trends, (2) assessing the impact and urgency of the identified trends, (3) assigning priorities to the issues, and (4) planning responses to the, issues. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a systematic procedure for structuring any problem. AHP is based on the following three principles: decomposition, comparative judgements, and synthesis of priorities. AHP starts by decomposing a complex, multicriteria problem into a hierarchy where each level consists of a few manageable elements which are then decomposed into another set of elements. The second step is to use a measurement methodology to establish priorities among the elements within each level of the hierarchy. The third step in using AHP is to synthesise the priorities of the elements to establish the overall priorities for the decision alternatives. In this thesis, decision support systems are developed for different areas of distribution logistics strategic management by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process. The areas covered are: (1) logistics strategic issues management, (2) planning of logistic structure, (3) warehouse site selection, (4) inventory forecasting, (5) defining logistic action and development plans, (6) choosing a distribution logistics strategy, (7) analysing and selecting transport service providers, (8) defining the logistic vision and strategic goals, (9) benchmarking logistic performance, and (10) logistic service management. The thesis demonstrates the potential of AHP as a systematic and analytic approach to distribution logistics strategic management.

Revisión crono-tipológica de un grupo de cerámicas africanas de cocina: la forma Ostia I, 272 - Atlante CVII, 11-12

El hallazgo de diversos ejemplares completos en la villa romana de Els Antigons (Reus, Tarragona) de las formas Ostia I, 272 y Atlante CVII, 11-12 de la cerámica africana de cocina nos permite plantearnos la unificación tipológica de las mismas, así como la revisión de su cronología (segunda mitad del siglo II a mediados del III dC) y su relación con la forma Raqqada 1973, LIII, D1. Asimismo, se documenta su difusión en la costa mediterránea de la Hispania Citerior.