Some Superconducting Magnets at IMP

Some superconducting magnets research at IMP (Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, Lanzhou) will be described in this paper. Firstly, a superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source (SECRAL) was successfully built to produce intense beams of highly charged heavy ions for Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). An innovation design of SECRAL is that the three axial solenoid coils are located inside of a sextupole bore in order to reduce the interaction forces between the sextupole coils and the solenoid coils. For 28 GHz operation, the magnet assembly can produce peak mirror fields on axis of 3.6 T at injection, 2.2 T at extraction, and a radial sextupole field of 2.0 T at plasma chamber wall. Some excellent results of ion beam intensity have been produced and SECRAL has been put into operation to provide highly charged ion beams for HIRFL since May 2007. Secondly, a super-ferric dipole prototype of FAIR Super-FRS is being built by FCG (FAIR China Group) in cooperation with GSI. Its superconducting coils and cryostat is made and tested in the Institute of Plasma Physics (IPP, Hefei), and it more 50 tons laminated yoke was made in IMP. This super-ferric dipole static magnetic field was measured in IMP, it reach to the design requirement, ramping field and other tests will be done in the future. Thirdly, a 3 T superconducting homogenous magnetic field solenoid with a 70 mm warm bore has been developed to calibrate Hall sensor, some testing results is reported. And a penning trap system called LPT (Lanzhou Penning Trap) is now being developed for precise mass measurements.

医用回旋加速器电源控制器硬件平台设计

医用回旋加速器控制系统是在HIRFL—CSR控制系统上总结、简化、优化而完善出来的，医用回旋加速器控制系统是一个基于网络的分布式控制系统，它由许多分控制系统组成。其中磁铁电源控制系统是回旋加速器控制系统中的一个重要组成部分，它是集波形发生、数据采集、状态监测为一体的控制系统。它由磁铁电源的高速、高精度信号给定以及模拟和状态回读两个部分所组成。信号给定的输出波形参数由实验计算得出。粒子束流的品质好坏由磁场决定，磁场由磁铁电源决定，磁铁电源由电源控制器的给定参考电压决定，因此电源控制器的精度直接影响束流品质。磁铁电源的给定信号由本控制器当中的DAC负责完成，DAC的精度要满足电源要求的精度；磁铁电源数据的采集、电源状态的监测由本控制器当中的CPLD+ARM+ADC协同完成，采集到的数据均存放在数据中心的数据库中，以供参考、分析及应用。本论文论述了回旋加速器磁铁电源控制器硬件平台的设计与实现。对磁铁电源控制系统，主要从系统的结构、各个部件的硬件设计和系统软件设计这几个方面进行论述；并详细论述了硬件的各个结构与电路设计。本文的工作在医用回旋加速器控制系统中具有很重要的意义，为重离子束治疗肿瘤做了基础准备。从测试及实验结果来看，我们对磁铁电源的控制系统不仅在硬件结构上，还是在软件设计实现上都达到了设计要求

医用回旋加速器电源控制器软件设计

医用回旋加速器控制系统是在HIRFL—CSR控制系统上总结完善出来的，医用回旋加速器控制系统是一个基于网络的分布式控制系统，它由许多分控制系统组成。磁铁电源控制系统是回旋加速器控制系统中一个重要部分，它是一个集波形发生、数据采集、状态监测与一体的系统。输出波形的参数由实验需要而计算得到。因为加速器所有的运行激励都由电源所控制，电源控制着磁场的状态，磁场的状态决定着加速器的状态，所以控制系统的直接控制对象就是磁场电源。在整个控制系统中最重要的就是控制波形的同步和波形的精度，这是同步加速器控制系统的关键所在。波形的同步由同步时序系统控制，这是回旋加速器成功运行的先决条件。数据的采集、电源状态的监测由数据采集模块CPLD+ARM负责完成，CPLD与ARM控制器结合，形成数据的上行通道。采集到的数据均存放在中央控制室的数据库中，以供参考、后期分析及应用。论文论述了对医用回旋加速器电源控制器软件的设计实现。对磁铁电源控制系统，主要从系统的结构、I/O部件的硬件设计和软件设计这几个方面进行论述；对软件系统，主要描述各类硬件驱动设计、对数据预处理和与数据库通信的设计实现。本文的工作在医用回旋加速器控制系统中具有很重要的意义，为重离子束治疗肿瘤做了基础准备。从测试及验收结果来看，我们对控制系统的优化不仅在硬件结构上，还是在软件设计实现上都达到了设计要求

加速器开关电源研究

本文主要介绍了HIRFL和HIRFL-CSR中使用的高稳定度直流稳流开关电源和脉冲开关电源的设计方法，给出了一台零电压开通移相软开关电源样机和一台斩波式两象限工作电源样机的设计过程的设计结果，并利用仿真软件对设计完成的电路进行了仿真，最后给出了样机电源的试验结果。引言介绍了本文选题的背景，HIRFL和HIRFL-CSR的有关情况，加速器对电源的要求，以及国内外同类电源的相关情况。第一章主要介绍了稳定电源中影响稳定度的主要因素及解决手段，最后建立起了斩波式电源和移相软开关电源的数学模型和等效电路。第二章主要介绍了零电压开通移相软开关电源的工作原理、设计方法、设计过程和样机试验结果。第三章则详细介绍了斩波式两象限工作电源的原理、设计、仿真和样机试验。第四章则讨论了开关电源的电磁兼容性，扼要介绍了电磁干扰的测量、抵制、相关国内国际标准，。然后分析了谐波的影响及其危害性，同时对CSR电源系统对电网将产生的影响进行了评估。第五章介绍了电源主要技术指标的定义、测量方法的测量仪器。第六章介绍了电源可靠性的有关概念及其评价。最后在第七章里，讨论了本文工作的意义。

SFC新中心区及10MeV质子回旋加速器的设计

本文比较系统地介绍了扇聚焦等时性回旋加速器内部的束流动力学理论，并刘其中心区设计的方法加以阐明。给出了作者所做的两个具体的设计。第一章系统地介绍了扇聚焦等时性回旋加速器的基本理论，包括等时性加速原理，轴向聚焦的获得，静态平衡轨道和等时性磁场的求解，共振理论，并简单介绍了加速轨道的一些性质。第二章介绍了扇聚焦等时性回旋加速器的一些注入方法及中心区设计的思路。重点放在内离子源束流注入及中心区的设计和外离子源来的束流的轴向注入及中心区的设计上。列出了轴向注入时常用的静电偏转镜的类型并对其加以简介。第三章介绍了SFC新中心区的设计。新中心区是为SFC加速荷质比小的重离子而设计的，在SFC采用三次谐波模式加速时，将注入半径由3．ocm提高到3．6cm。它包括中心区电极形状的设计，中心区加速轨道的计算及中心区相空间接受度的获得。第四章介绍了10MeV质子等时性回旋加速器的设计。给出了等时性磁场的垫补方法，内离子源注入的中心区设计，并计算了质子从离子源引出后加速到10MeV能量的加速轨道，得到其束流性质。论文的最后部分简单总结了本文的工作，并提出了今后工作的设想。

HIRFL剥离器后切束线物理设计

HIRFL is a tandem cyclotron complex for heavy ion. On the beam line between SFC and SSC, there is a stripper. Behind it, the distribution of charge states of beam is a Gauss distribution. The equilibrium charge state Q_0 is selected by 1BO2(a 50° dipole behind the stripper) and delivered to SSC. One of two new small beam line (named SLAS) after 1B02 will be builded in or der to split and deliver the unused ions of charge states (Q_0 ± n) to aspecific experimental area. Q_0 ± n ions are septumed and separated from initial(Q_0) ion beam by two septum magnets SM1, SM2. The charge state selected by SM1 will be Q_0 ± 1(6 ≤ Q_0 < 17), Q_0 ± 2(17 ≤ Q_0 < 33) and Q_0 ± 3 (Q_0 ≥ 33) forming a beam in one of the two possine new beam line with the stripping energy of (0.2 to 9.83 Mev/A), an emittance of 10π mm.mrad in the two transverse planes and an intensity ranging from 10~(11) pps for z ≤ 10 to some 10~5 pps for the heaviest element. Behind SM2, a few transport elements (three dipoles and seven qudrupoles) tra nsport Q_0 ± n beam to target positions T1, T2 (see fig. 1) and generate small beam spots (φ ≤ 4mm, φ ≤ 6mm). The optics design of the beam line has been done based on SLAC-75 (a first and second - order matrix theory). beam optics calculation has been worked out with the TRANSPORT program. The design is a very economical thinking, because without building a new accelerator we can obtain a lower energy heavy ion beam to provide for a lot of atomic and solid state physical experiments

HIRFL主加速器SSC和注入器SFC等时场的建立

本论文计算HIRFL主加速器SSC和注入器SFC的理论等时场，并在实测线圈场数据基础上，用最优化方法计算出主线圈和垫补线圈电流，建立起垫补场。还进一步研究了垫补场下粒子的轨道特性。垫补场和理论等时场间的相对误差<=1#per thousand)

Characterization of saccharides and phenolic acids in the Chinese herb Tanshen by ESI-FT-ICR-MS and HPLC

This study sought to determine the main components (saccharides and phenolic acids) in crude extract of the Chinese herb Tanshen by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonant mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) in negative-ion mode. Eleven compounds were identified as phenolic acids by exact mass measurement and further confirmed by sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI) CID data. In addition, monosaccharicles and oligosaccharides (n = 2 similar to 5) and a serial of corresponding anionic adducts of saccharide were observed without adding any anions additionally to the extract solution, and the anionic components were unambiguously identified as H2O, HCl, HCOOH, HNO3, C3H6O2, H2SO4 and C5H7NO3 according to the exact mass measurement results.

米托蒽醌与双链及三链核酸相互作用的电喷雾质谱研究

The interaction of mitoxantrone (MXT) with duplex and triplex DNA, contain repeating sequence CTCT, CCTT and CTT were studied by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS). The 1:3 specific complexes of mitoxantrone and duplex DNA and 1:2 specific complexes of mitoxantrone and triplex DNA were observed. The results show that mitoxantrone has no remarkable sequence selectivity, however it has distinct structure selectivity, and destabilization the triplex.

Screening and Structural Characterization of alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids Extract by Ultrafiltration LC-DAD-MSn and SORI-CID FTICR MS

In vitro a-glucosidase inhibition assays and ultrafiltration liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ultrafiltration LC-DAD-ESI-MSn) were combined to screen a-glucosidase inhibitors from hawthorn leaf flavonoids extract (HLFE). As a result, four compounds were identified as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the HLFE, and their structures were confirmed to be quercetin-3-O-rha-(1-4)-glc-rha and C-glycosylflavones (vitexin-2 ''-O-glucoside, vitexin-2 ''-O-rhamnoside and vitexin) by high-resolution sustained off resonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID) data obtained by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS).

Studies on the Biotransformation of Arctigenin Using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

To study the biotransformation of arctigenin, arctigenin was anaerobically incubated with Eubacterium sp. ARC-2 of human intestinal bacteria in vitro. Arctigenin formed a molecular ion [M-H](-) in negative ion mode. The arctigenin and its metabolites were investigated directly by the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry ion trap and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. Arctigenin was transformed to 4',4 ''-dihydroxylenterolactone by E sp. ARC-2 through 3 types of demethylation products.

Studies on Triterpenoids and Flavones in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch by HPLC-ESI-MSn and FT-ICR-MSn

Seven compounds, four flavones and three triterpenoids from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. extract are identified by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multi-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MSn). The fragmentation pathways of these compounds are investigated by ESI-MSn and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MSn). Comparing the retention times (t(R)) and mass spectra with those of reference compounds, seven components are identified in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and their MSn data proposed plausible schemes for their fragmentation. All the experimental results show that ESI-MSn and FT-ICR-MSn are powerful tools for the structural characterization of triterpenoids and flavones

Investigation of Calmodulin-Peptide Interactions Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

In this report, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was used to study the binding interactions between calmodulin and two target peptides (melittin and substance P). Various matrix conditions were tested and the less acidic matrix DHAP and THAP were found to favor the survival of the intact calcium-calmodulin as well as the calmodulin-peptide complexes. However, the application of direct MALDI-MS to detect the intact complexes turned out to be very difficult due to the dissociation of the complexes and the formation of nonspecific aggregates. In contrast, the specific binding of the target peptides to calmodulin could be easily deduced using intensity-fading (IF) MALDI-MS. Compared with the nonbinding control, clear reduction in the ion abundances of the target peptides was observed with the addition of calmodulin.

Evaluation of Effects of Bivalent Cations on the Formation of Purine-rich Triple-Helix DNA by ESI-FT-MS

The GGA triplet repeats are widely dispersed throughout eukaryotic genomes. (GGA)n or (GGT)n oligonucleotides can interact with double-stranded DNA containing (GGA:CCT)n to form triple-stranded DNA. The effects of 8 divalent metal ions (3 alkaline-earth metals and 5 transition metals) on formation of these purine-rich triple-helix DNA were investigated by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-MS). In the absence of metal ions, no triplex but single-strand, duplex, and purine homodimer ions were observed in mass spectra. The triple-helix DNA complexes were observed only in the presence of certain divalent ions. The effects of different divalent cations on the formation of purine-rich triplexes were compared. Transition-metal ions, especially Co2+ and Ni2+, significantly boost the formation of triple-helix DNA, whereas alkaline-earth metal ions have no positive effects on triplex formation. In addition, Ba2+ is notably beneficial to the formation of homodimer instead of triplex.

Lung alveolar proteomics of bronchoalveolar lavage from a pulmonary alveolar proteinosis patient using high-resolution FTICR mass spectrometry

High-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry was developed and applied to the proteome analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. With use of 1-D and 2-D gel electrophoresis, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and other surfactant-related lung alveolar proteins were efficiently separated and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization FTICR mass spectrometry . Low molecular mass BALF proteins were separated using a gradient 2-D gel. An efficient extraction/precipitation system was developed and used for the enrichment of surfactant proteins. The result of the BALF proteome analysis show the presence of several isoforms of SP-A, in which an N-non-glycosylierte form and several proline hydroxylations were identified. Furthermore, a number of protein spots were found to contain a mixture of proteins unresolved by 2-D gel electrophoresis, illustrating the feasibility of high-resolution mass spectrometry to provide identifications of proteins that remain unseparated in 2-D gels even upon extended pH gradients.