Estudo do envelhecimento de poliuretanos aplicados na indústria de petróleo

A indústria do petróleo é um dos setores com maior número de sistemas produtivos empregando alta tecnologia. O Brasil é mundialmente renomado como um líder na extração de petróleo, em águas profundas e ultraprofundas. Dentro da cadeia produtiva, grande parte do petróleo e do gás produzido é escoado através de dutos flexíveis que conectam os poços de produção com as plataformas. Existem dois segmentos dessas linhas que recebem diferentes denominações de acordo com o seu local de aplicação. Quando estão apoiadas sobre o fundo do mar, em condição de serviço estático, são denominados flowlines e quando se elevam do fundo do mar até a plataforma, em condição de serviço dinâmico, são denominados risers. Os tubos projetados para aplicações dinâmicas são dotados de bends stiffeners, componentes com formato cônico e, em geral, de base uretânica que têm a função de fornecer uma transição de rigidez suave entre a estrutura dos tubos flexíveis e a extremamente rígida, à plataforma, não permitindo que este componente infrinja seu raio mínimo de operação. A adequada compreensão dos enrijecedores de curvatura e do material empregado em sua fabricação vem se tornando cada vez mais importante na indústria devido à sua crescente utilização, bem como à ocorrência de falhas que vem sendo constatada nos últimos anos. Este trabalho abordou a variação das propriedades mecânicas de poliuretanos pela ação da hidrólise, calor e pela ação dos raios-UV por envelhecimento acelerado, assim como variação de massa, considerando que esses materiais são projetados para uma vida útil superior a vinte anos para trabalhos imersos em meio aquoso.

激光冷却及其在科学技术中的应用

这篇文章回顾了近20以来激光冷却原子气体的发展历史，同时概述了激光冷却的各种物理机制，还介绍了超冷原子物理在量子物理学和高科技应用中所取得的重要成就，包括气体原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、原子钟和原子干涉仪。

Design guidelines and characteristics for a kind of four-layer large flattened mode fibers

A theoretical method to analyze a kind of four-layer large flattened mode (LFM) fibers is presented. The properties of the fiber, including the fundamental and higher-order modal fields, effective area and bending loss are discussed by comparison. At the same time, the reasons for the different characteristics are considered. The obtained results indicate that the effective area of the four-layer LFM fiber is about 1.3 times larger than that of the conventional standard step-index fiber and the fiber can suppress the higher-order modes via bending effectively. The four-layer LFM fiber has less efficient bend-induced filtering ability than the conventional step-index fiber; however, it has more efficient filtering ability than the three-layer LFM fiber. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

高功率激光装置光束准直系统新型远场监测技术

利用高功率激光装置空间滤波器小孔成像和取样光栅的衍射,设计出一套新型光路远场监测方案,并且在实验平台上进行了实验验证.实验结果表明:相对传统的远场监测方法,该远场监测系统通过侧面离轴光栅取样灵活利用空间,其调整平均误差为空间滤波器小孔直径0.9%,能够满足准直系统远场调整精度(<小孔直径5%)的要求.

Electromagnetic fields and transmission properties in tapered hollow metallic waveguides

We analyze the electromagnetic spatital distributions and address an important issue of the transmission properties of spherical transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) eigenmodes within a tapered hollow metallic waveguide in detail. Explicit analytical expressions for the spatital distributions of electromagnetic field components, attenuation constant, phase constant and wave impedance are derived. Accurate eigenvalues obtained numerically are used to study the dependences of the transmission properties on the taper angle, the mode as well as the length of the waveguide. It is shown that all modes run continuously from a propagating through a transition to an evanescent region and the value of the attenuation increases as the distance from the cone vertex and the cone angle decrease. A strict distinction between pure propagating and pure evanescent modes cannot be achieved. One mode after the other reaches cutoff in the tapered hollow metallic waveguide as the distance from the cone vertex desreases. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Algorithm of far-field centre estimation based on phase-only matched filter

Estimation of the far-field centre is carried out in beam auto-alignment. In this paper, the features of the far-field of a square beam are presented. Based on these features, a phase-only matched filter is designed, and the algorithm of centre estimation is developed. Using the simulated images with different kinds of noise and the 40 test images that are taken in sequence, the accuracy of this algorithm is estimated. Results show that the error is no more than one pixel for simulated noise images with a 99% probability, and the stability is restricted within one pixel for test images. Using the improved algorithm, the consumed time is reduced to 0.049 s.

Spatiotemporal behaviors and singularity of ultrashort pulsed Elegant Hermite-Gaussian beams

Analytical propagation expressions of ultrashort pulsed Elegant Hermite-Gaussian beams are derived and spatiotemporal properties of the pulses with different transverse modes are studied. Singularity of the complex amplitude envelope solution of the pulses obtained under slowly varying envelope approximation is analyzed in detail. The rigorous analytical solution of the pulse is deduced and no singularity emerges in the solution. The obtained results indicate that the transverse mode affects not only the spatiotemporal properties but also the singularity of the pulses. Time delay of the off-axis maximum intensity is more obvious and the singularity is located nearer to the z-axis for the pulse with higher transverse modes. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Low-Power Super-resolution Readout with Antimony Bismuth Alloy Film as Mask layer

Sb-Bi alloy films are proposed as a new kind of super-resolution mask layer with low readout threshold power. Using the Sb-Bi alloy film as a mask layer and SiN as a protective layer in a read-only memory disc, the super-resolution pits with diameters of 380 nm are read out by a dynamic setup, the laser wavelength is 780 nm and the numerical aperture of pickup lens is 0.45. The effects of the Sb-Bi thin film thickness, laser readout power and disc rotating velocity on the readout signal are investigated. The results show that the threshold laser power of super-resolution readout of the Sb-Bi mask layer is about 0.5 mW, and the corresponding carrier-to-noise ratio is about 20 dB at the film thickness of 50 nm. The super-resolution mechanism of the Sb-Bi alloy mask layer is discussed based on its temperature dependence of reflection.

千瓦级双包层光纤激光器冷却方案设计理论和实验研究

尽管双包层光纤激光器的散热性能好于传统的固体激光器的散热性能,光纤激光器中的热沉积仍然是限制提高其输出功率的重要因素.以双端抽运的400W双包层光纤激光器为实例,定量分析了光纤内的热沉积分布.根据所建立的散热模型,为了确保千瓦级双包层光纤激光器安全稳定的运行,抽运端附近的对流换热系数应大于2.8×10-2W·cm-2K-1.据此设计出高功率双包层光纤激光器抽运端冷却装置并成功应用在激光系统中,获得了千瓦级的激光输出.

News from Academy Bay

It is Scalesia atractyloides! The Marine Biology Laboratory Renaissance. The CDRS Research Vessel Beagle. Alcedo Update. Benefit Art Show Held on Santa Cruz. New Construction. Geological Activity? High Technology Science. More Pinta News. First Record of the Green Heron (Butorides viriscens) in the Galápagos Islands. Galápagos Explorer Goes Aground. A Flight Over Isabela's Northern Volcanoes.

Blue green emission from a Cu+-Doped transparent material prepared by sintering porous glass

A colorless transparent, blue green emission material was fabricated by sintering porous glass impregnated with copper ions. The emission spectral profile obtained from Cu+ -doped high silica glass (HSG) by 267-mn monochromatic light excitation matches that obtained by pumping with an 800-nm femtosecond laser, indicating that the emissions in both cases come from an identical origin. The upconversion emission excited by 800-nm femtosecond laser is considered to be a three-photon excitation process. A tentative scheme of upconverted emission from Cu+ -doped HSG was also proposed. The glass materials presented herein are expected to find application in lamps, high density optical storage, and three-dimensional color displays.

Influence of carbon on the thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence of α -Al2O3:C crystals

alpha-Al2O3:C crystal shows excellent thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties but the real role carbon plays in this crystal is still not clearly understood so far. In this work, alpha-Al2O3:C crystal doping with different amounts of carbon were grown by the temperature gradient technique, and TL and OSL properties of as-grown crystals were investigated. Additionally, a mechanism was proposed to explain the role of carbon in forming the TL and OSL properties of alpha-Al2O3:C. TL and OSL intensities of as-grown crystals increase with the increasing amount of carbon doping in the crystal, but no shift is found in the glow peak location at 465 K. As the amount of carbon doping in the crystals decreases, OSL decay rate becomes faster. With the increase in heating rate, the integral TL response of as-grown crystals decreases and glow peak shifts to higher temperatures. TL response decrease rate increases with the increasing amount of carbon doping in the crystals. All the TL and OSL response curves of as-grown crystals show linear-sublinear-saturation characteristic, and OSL dose response exhibits higher sensitivity and wider linear dose range than that of TL. The crystal doping with 5000 ppm carbon shows the best dosimetric properties. Carbon plays the role of a dopant in alpha-Al2O3:C crystal and four-valent carbon anions replace the two-valent anions of oxygen during the crystal growth process, and large amounts of oxygen vacancies were formed, which corresponds to the high absorption coefficient of F and F+ centers in the crystals.

α-Al_2O_3:C晶体的热释光和光释光特性

以高纯α-Al2O3和石墨为原料,采用温梯法生长了α-Al2O3:C晶体,使用RisΦTL/OSL-DA-15型热释光和光释光仪研究了其热释光和光释光特性.α-Al2O3:C晶体在462K附近有单一热释光峰,发射波长位于410nm.随着辐照剂量的增加,热释光强度逐渐增强,462K的热释光特征峰位置保持不变.α-Al2O3:C晶体的光释光衰减曲线由快衰减和慢衰减两个部分组成,随着辐照剂量的增加,快衰减部分衰减速率变化不大,而慢衰减部分衰减速率加快.在5×10-6—10Gy剂量范围内,α-Al2O3:C晶体的热释光剂量响应呈现良好的线性关系,30Gy时达到饱和;光释光剂量响应在5×10-6—60Gy剂量范围内呈现良好的线性关系,100Gy时达到饱和.与热释光相比,光释光剂量响应具有更高的灵敏度和更宽的线性剂量响应范围.

Characterization of m-plane ZnO thin film on gamma-LiAlO2 (100) substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Non-polar (1 (1) over bar 00)m-plane ZnO thin film has been prepared on gamma-LiAlO2 (100)substrate via the low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Obvious intensity variation of the E-2 mode in the polarized Raman spectra and the absorption edge shift in the polarized optical transmission spectra indicate that the m-plane film exhibits optical anisotropy, which have applications in certain optical devices, such as the UV modulator and polarization-dependent beam switch. From the atomic force microscopy images, highly-oriented uniform-sized grains of rectangular shape were observed. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Low temperature growth of c-axis oriented AlN films on gamma-LiAlO2 by radio frequency magnetron sputtering

Aluminum nitride (AlN) films were prepared on gamma-LiAlO2 substrates by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. The influence of substrate temperature (T-s) and nitrogen (N-2) concentration on film growth was investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that highly c-axis oriented AlN films can be obtained in the temperature range from room temperature (RT) to 300 degrees C. A smoother surface and a crystalline quality decrease with increasing N-2 concentration have been observed by XRD and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the films deposited at lower substrate temperature. On the contrary, the degradation of the surface smoothness and the higher crystalline quality can be observed for the films deposited at a higher substrate temperature with N-2-rich ambient. The growth mechanism which leads to different crystalline quality of the films is discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.