Prevalência de sorologia positiva para HIV, hepatite B, toxoplasmose e rubéola em gestantes do noroeste paranaense

OBJETIVO: Verificar a soroprevalência do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), hepatite B (VHB), toxoplasmose e rubéola em gestantes do noroeste paranaense. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo a partir dos resultados de exames sorológicos de triagem no pré-natal de 1.534 pacientes atendidas durante o primeiro semestre de 2010. Foram incluídos somente resultados do primeiro exame de pré-natal e aqueles com pesquisa simultânea de IgG e IgM para toxoplasmose e rubéola. A sorologia foi realizada por enzimaimunoensaio em micropartículas (MEIA). Para análise estatística foi empregado o teste do χ², com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A positividade para o HIV foi de 0,3%, a sorologia para VHB pelo marcador HBsAg foi positiva em 0,5% das gestantes, enquanto a reatividade para anticorpos IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii foi de 1,1% e para IgG de 59%. Em relação à rubéola nenhuma sorologia mostrou positividade para IgM, e para IgG a reatividade foi de 99,6%. A análise dos resultados mostrou que não há associação entre as soroprevalências estudadas e a idade das pacientes, exceto quanto à frequência de IgG anti-T. gondii, que foi mais elevada na faixa etária entre 30 e 44 anos. CONCLUSÃO: A soroprevalência dessas doenças infecciosas em gestantes do noroeste do Paraná é compatível com outras regiões do Brasil.

Antimicrobial resistance and detection of mecA and blaZ genes in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis

The present study evaluated the pheno- and genotypical antimicrobial resistance profile of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species isolated from dairy cows milk, specially concerning to oxacillin. Of 100 CNS isolates, the S. xylosus was the prevalent species, followed by S. cohnii, S. hominis, S. capitis and S. haemolyticus. Only 6% were phenotypically susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested in disk diffusion assay. Penicillin and ampicillin resistance rates were significantly higher than others antimicrobials. Four isolates were positive to mecA gene (4%), all represented by the S. xylosus species. The blaZ gene was detected in 16% of the isolates (16/100). It was noticed that all mecA + were also positive to this gene and the presence of both genes was correlated to phenotypic beta-lactamic resistance. We conclude that CNS species from bovine milk presented significantly distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles, evaluated by phenotypic and genotypic tests, which has implications for treatment and management decisions.

Beta-lactamase detection in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the presence/production of beta-lactamases by both phenotypic and genotypic methods, verify whether results are dependent of bacteria type (Staphylococcus aureus versus coagulase-negative Staphylococcus - CNS) and verify the agreement between tests. A total of 200 bacteria samples from 21 different herds were enrolled, being 100 CNS and 100 S. aureus. Beta-lactamase presence/detection was performed by different tests (PCR, clover leaf test - CLT, Nitrocefin disk, and in vitro resistance to penicillin). Results of all tests were not dependent of bacteria type (CNS or S. aureus). Several S. aureus beta-lactamase producing isolates were from the same herd. Phenotypic tests excluding in vitro resistance to penicillin showed a strong association measured by the kappa coefficient for both bacteria species. Nitrocefin and CLT are more reliable tests for detecting beta-lactamase production in staphylococci.

"Visst är det väldigt jobbigt, men det är också bra." : en studie om hur närståendevårdare upplever positiva och negativa effekter av närståendevård

Avhandlingens syfte är att studera hur närståendevårdare upplever positiva och negativa effekter av närståendevård, samt hur de upplever faktorer som kan inverka på deras livstillfredsställelse. Den empiriska analysens första frågeställning gäller ifall närståendevårdarna upplever både positiva och negativa effekter av närståendevård, och i så fall vilka positiva och negativa effekter som närståendevårdaren upplever. Den andra frågeställningen gäller vilka upplevelser och erfarenheter närståendevårdarna har i fråga om faktorer som kan påverka deras livstillfredsställelse. En kvalitativ metod har använts för att genomföra studien. För att undersöka respondenternas subjektiva tankar kring forskningsfrågan har nio temaintervjuer genomförts. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Respondenterna är svenskspråkiga närståendevårdare i åldern 45–80 år bosatta i Jakobstad, Pedersöre, Larsmo eller Nykarleby, som vårdar en annan vuxen person som inte är deras barn. Analysen visar att närståendevårdarna upplever både negativa och positiva effekter av närståendevård. Närståendevårdarna upplever negativa och positiva effekter i varierande utsträckning. Närståendevårdarna använder sig av både problemorienterad och emotionellt och kognitivt inriktad coping. Närståendevårdarnas psykiska och fysiska hälsa påverkas av närståendevårdararbetet. Vårdtagarens hälsa inverkar på närståendevårdarnas upplevelse av närståendevården. Närståendevårdarna upplever att de är bundna till vårdtagaren eller vårdplatsen, och kan ha svårt att hitta sammanhängande egen tid. Närståendevårdarna upplever att de får socialt stöd från närstående, tredje sektorn, samhället, andra närståendevårdare och privata sektorn. Närståendevårdarna upplever att de får socialt stöd, men det sociala stödet är ibland inte tillräckligt och respondenterna upplever därför också brist på socialt stöd.

Positiva veritas causalitatis causae per accidens

Dedikaatio: Johannes Gezelius.

Staphylococcus enterotoxigênicos em alimentos in natura e processados no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil

A contaminação de alimentos tem aumentado a cada ano, e atualmente representa um risco potencial para a saúde humana. Staphylococcus spp. foi isolado de alimentos processados e in natura e identificados através dos teste de Gram, catalase, coagulase, DNAase, termonuclease, acetoína (VP) e metabolismo de carboidratos (glicose, maltose e manitol). Foram selecionadas cepas com evidente reação de termonuclease, e realizada análise de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas, por teste imunoenzimático (VIDAS - Staph Enterotoxin - bioMerieux). Reação positiva de enterotoxinas estafilocócicas foram produzidas por S. aureus em camarão, queijo de coalho e macarrão e S. intermedius em peixe cozido e pasta de alho. Observou-se SCP (EstafilococosCoagulase Positiva) em queijo de coalho. Contaminação por Staphylococcus spp.ocorreu durante os estágios de produção ou na estocagem dos alimentos, produzindo toxinas. Conclui-se que estes alimentos representam risco à saúde humana se não forem observadas práticas adequadas de higiene no seu manuseio e no armazenamento.

Standardization of a multiplex PCR for the identification of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus

The enterotoxigenic species Staphylococcus aureus, S. hyicus and S. intermedius show very similar characteristics, making their identification through conventional microbiological methods difficult. This study aimed at the development of a Multiplex PCR (mPCR) for the identification of S. aureus, S. intermedius and S. hyicus using the nuc gene as the target sequence. The results obtained suggest that the set of primers used was specific for the three species of Staphylococcus evaluate with a detection limit of 10² CFU.mL-1.

Ocurrence of Vibrio spp., positive coagulase staphylococci and enteric bacteria in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) harvested in the south bay of Santa Catarina island, Brazil

The aim of this study was to assess the contamination of oysters (Crassostrea gigas), harvested in six different regions of the South Bay of Santa Catarina Island, with Coliforms at 45 ºC, Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp., positive coagulase staphylococci, and Salmonella sp. over a period of one year. One hundred eighty oyster samples were collected directly from their culture sites and analyzed. Each sample consisted of a pool of 12 oysters. All of the samples analyzed showed absence of Salmonella, 18 (10%) samples showed presence of Escherichia coli, 15 (8.3%) samples were positive for V. alginolyticus, and Vibriocholerae was detected in 4 samples (2.2%). The counts of positive-coagulase staphylococci varied from <10 to 1.9 x 102 CFU.g-1, whereas the counts of Coliforms at 45 ºC and E. coli ranged from <3 to 1.5 x 102 MPN.g-1 and <3 and 4.3 x 10 MPN.g-1, respectively. Counts of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus ranged between <3 and 7 MPN.g-1, for both microorganisms. This suggests the need for monitoring these Vibrios contamination in oysters. Based on the results of the microbiological assays, the samples analyzed showed acceptable bacteriological quality, i.e., they were within the parameters established by Brazilian Legislation.

"Los Retos de la Implementación del Plan de Desarrollo ""Bogotá Positiva"""

Gestión del Conocimiento

A propósito Bogotá positiva

Gestión del Conocimiento

"El Sector de Desarrollo Económico en el Plan de Desarrollo 2008-2012 : ""Bogotá Positiva: para vivir mejor"""

Gestión del Conocimiento

"Plan de desarrollo distrital "Bogotá positiva : Para vivir mejor"

Gestión del Conocimiento

"Comentarios de la Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá a la propuesta del plan de desarrollo ""Bogotá positiva"""""

Gestión del conocimiento

"Comentarios de la Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá a la propuesta del plan de desarrollo ""Bogotá Positiva"""""

Gestión del Conocimiento

Evaluación de la fagacitosis y digestión intracelular por leucocitos polimorfonucleares de individuos sanos para dos especies de estafilococos coagulares negativos

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias, con especialidad en Microbiología Médica) U.A.N.L.