Physical and chemical characterization of the pulp of different varieties of avocado targeting oil extraction potential

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of avocado pulp of four different varieties (Avocado, Guatemala, Dickinson, and Butter pear) and to identify which has the greatest potential for oil extraction. Fresh avocado pulp was characterized by moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates and energy contents were determined. The carotenoids and chlorophyll contents were determined by the organic solvent extraction method. The results showed significant differences in the composition of the fruit when varieties are compared. However, the striking feature in all varieties is high lipid content; Avocado and Dickinson are the most suitable varieties for oil extraction, taking into account moisture content and the levels of lipids in the pulp. Moreover, it could be said that the variety Dickinson is the most affected by the parameters evaluated in terms of overall quality. Chlorophyll and carotenoids, fat-soluble pigments, showed a negative correlation with respect to lipids since it could be related to its function in the fruit. The varieties Avocado and Dickinson are an alternative to oil extraction having great commercial potential to be exploited thus avoiding waste and increasing farmers income.

Schaderreger im Wurzelraum von Reben (Vitis spp.) - Vorkommen, Wirkung, Interaktionen - und Möglichkeiten zu deren Kontrolle durch Maßnahmen des Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Ziel der Untersuchungen war es, das Vorkommen, die Wirkungen und die Interaktionen bodenbürtiger Vitis-Pathogene in Pfropfrebenbeständen zu untersuchen und die Möglichkeiten ihrer Kontrolle im Rahmen des Integrated Pest Managements zu eruieren. Ein Schwerpunkt lag dabei bei den in Zusammenhang mit einem Befall der Rebstöcke durch D. vitifoliae stehenden Wuchsdepressionen und Absterbeerscheinungen. Hintergrund dieser Untersuchungen war die Hypothese, dass sich die Böden von Rebanlagen mit und ohne Wuchsdepressionen und Absterbeerscheinungen der Reben aufgrund ihrer pathogen- bzw. krankheitssuppressiven Eigenschaften unterscheiden. Andererseits wurde untersucht, ob die die Wurzeln besiedelnde Reblaus selbst durch den entomopathogenen Pilz M. anisopliae biologisch kontrolliert werden kann. Im Verlauf dieser Untersuchungen wurde im Wurzelsystem der Reben ein bis dahin unbekannter obligater Parasit aus der Gruppe der Plasmodiophorales identifiziert, der der Gattung Sorosphaera zugewiesen werden konnte. Dies gab Anlass zur morphologischen und ökologischen Untersuchung dieses neuen Organismus, der dann in der Folge als Sorosphaera viticola Kirchmair, Neuhauser, Huber beschrieben wurde. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die krankheits- bzw. pathogenkonduktiven und -suppressiven Eigenschaften der Böden dafür verantwortlich sind, ob es in einer Rebanlage zu Ausfallerscheinungen kommt oder nicht, wobei ein direkter Zusammenhang mit der Bewirtschaftung der Flächen, namentlich der Versorgung der Böden mit organischer Substanz hergestellt werden konnte.

The COLOSS BEEBOOK Volume II, Standard methods for Apis mellifera pest and pathogen research: Introduction

The COLOSS BEEBOOK is a practical manual compiling standard methods in all fields of research on the western honey bee, Apis mellifera. The COLOSS network was founded in 2008 as a consequence of the heavy and frequent losses of managed honey bee colonies experienced in many regions of the world (Neumann and Carreck, 2010). As many of the world’s honey bee research teams began to address the problem, it soon became obvious that a lack of standardized research methods was seriously hindering scientists’ ability to harmonize and compare the data on colony losses obtained internationally. In its second year of activity, during a COLOSS meeting held in Bern, Switzerland, the idea of a manual of standardized honey bee research methods emerged. The manual, to be called the COLOSS BEEBOOK, was inspired by publications with similar purposes for fruit fly research (Lindsley and Grell, 1968; Ashburner, 1989; Roberts, 1998; Greenspan, 2004).

The COLOSS BEEBOOK Volume II: Standard methods for Apis mellifera pest and pathogen research

n recent years, declines of honey bee populations have received massive media attention worldwide, yet attempts to understand the causes have been hampered by a lack of standardisation of laboratory techniques. Published as a response to this, the COLOSS BEEBOOK is a unique collaborative venture involving 234 bee scientists from 34 countries, who have produced the definitive guide to how to carry out research on honey bees. It is hoped that these volumes will become the standards to be adopted by bee scientists worldwide. Volume II includes approximately 600 separate protocols dealing with the study of the pests and diseases of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. These cover epidemiology and surveying techniques, virus diseases, bacterial diseases such as European and American foulbrood, fungal and microsporidian diseases such as Nosema, mites such as Acarapis, Varroa and Tropilaelaps, and other pests such as the small hive beetle.

Ma tobu : Festklänge zur Feier der Einweihung des neuerbauten isr. Cultus-Tempels zu Pest im September 1859

von L. M. Bauer

Gedichte : Sr. Hochwürden Dr. W. A. Meisel, Ober-Rabbiner in Pest achtungsvoll gewidm.

von Moritz Blass

The broad-leaf herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid turns rice into a living trap for a major insect pest and a parasitic wasp

Synthetic chemical elicitors of plant defense have been touted as a powerful means for sustainable crop protection. Yet, they have never been successfully applied to control insect pests in the field. We developed a high-throughput chemical genetics screening system based on a herbivore-induced linalool synthase promoter fused to a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter construct to test synthetic compounds for their potential to induce rice defenses. We identified 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), an auxin homolog and widely used herbicide in monocotyledonous crops, as a potent elicitor of rice defenses. Low doses of 2,4-D induced a strong defensive reaction upstream of the jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways, resulting in a marked increase in trypsin proteinase inhibitor activity and volatile production. Induced plants were more resistant to the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis, but became highly attractive to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and its main egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae. In a field experiment, 2,4-D application turned rice plants into living traps for N. lugens by attracting parasitoids. • Our findings demonstrate the potential of auxin homologs as defensive signals and show the potential of the herbicide to turn rice into a selective catch crop for an economically important pest.

Pest - Älteste 'Chorschul' [Illustration] : Jetzt ein Warenlager im Orczyschen Hause

Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform

Synagoge in Pest, Tabakgasse [Illustration] : Neben der Synagoge das Geburtshaus Theodor Herzls

Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform

Zeitgen. Darstellung der Einweihung der Synagoge in der Tabakgasse, Pest [Illustration] : 6. Sept. 1859

Scan von Monochrom-Mikroform