Large scale identification of protein SUMOylation by mass spectrometry in HEK293 cells

Les fichiers qui accompagnent mon document sont des tableaux supplémentaires réalisés avec Excel (Microsoft Office), dans la version papier du mémoire ces fichiers sont sur un CD-ROM.

Targeted Public Distribution System in Food Grains:Extent of Utlization by the Tribal Population in Kerala

In India, Food Security meant supply of food grains and the medium was Public Distribution System. Public Distribution System (PDS) is a rationing mechanism that entitles households to specified quantities of selected commodities at subsidized prices. The Objectives of PDS are maintaining Price Stability, rationing during times of scarcity, welfare of the poor, and keeping a check on private trade. Kerala has registered remarkable improvement in poverty reduction in general over the years among all social sections, including scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population. As part of the structural adjustment intended to reduce public expenditure, PDS has been modified as Revamped PDS (RPDS) during 1992 and later on as Targeted PDS (TPDS) in 1997, intended to target households on the basis of income criterion, classifying people as Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL). TPDS provides 25Kg. of food gra.ins through the Fair Price Shops per month @ Rs.3/- per Kg. of rice/ wheat to the BPL category and @Rs.8.90 and Rs.6.7O for rice and wheat respectively to the APL category of people. Since TPDS is intended to target the poor people, the subsidy spent by the government for the scheme should be beneficial to the poor people and naturally they should utilize the benefits by purchasing the food grains allotted under the scheme. Several studies have shown that there is underutilization of the allotments under TPDS. Therefore, the extent of utilization of TPDS in food grains, how and why remains as a major hurdle, in improving the structure and system of PDS. Livelihood of the tribal population being under threat due to increasing degradation of the resources, the targeting system ought to be effective among the tribal population. Therefore, performance of the TPDS in food grains, in terms of the utilization by the tribal population in Kerala, impact thereof and the factors, if any, affecting proper utilization were considered as the research problem in this study. The study concentrated on the pattern of consumption of food grains by the tribal people, whether their hunger needs are met by distribution of food grains through the TPDS, extent to which TPDS in food grains reduce their share of expenditure on food in the total household expenditure, and the factors affecting the utilization of the TPDS in food grains by the tribal population. Going through the literature, it has been noted that only few studies concentrated on the utilization of TPDS in food grains among the tribal population in Kerala.The Research Design used in this study is descriptive in nature, but exploratory in some aspects. Idukki, Palakkad and Wayanad have more than 60% of the population of the tribals in the state. Within the three districts mentioned above, 14 villages with scheduled tribe concentration were selected for the study. 95 tribal colonies were selected from among the various tribal settlements. Collection of primary data was made from 1231 households with in the above tribal colonies. Analysis of data on the socio-economic factors of the tribal people, pattern of food consumption, extent of reduction in the share of expenditure on food among the household expenditure of the tribal people and the impact of TPDS on the tribal families etc. and testing of hypotheses to find out the relation/association of each of the six variables, using the data on BPL and APL categories of households separately have resulted in findings such as six percent of the tribal families do not have Ration Cards, average per capita consumption of food grains by the tribal people utilizing TPDS meets 62% of their minimum requirement, whereas the per capita consumption of food grains by the tribal people is higher than the national average per capita consumption, 63% deficiency in food grains may be felt by tribal people in general, if TPDS is withdrawn, and the deficit for BPL tribal people may be 82%, TPDS facilitates a reduction of 9.71% in the food expenditure among the total household expenditure of the tribal people in general, share of food to non-food among BPL category of tribals is 55:45 and 40:60 among the APL, Variables, viz. household income, number of members in the family and distance of FPS from tribal settlements etc. have influence on the quantity of rice being purchased by the tribal people from the Fair Price Shops, and there is influence of household income and distance of FPS from tribal settlements on the quantity of rice being purchased by the tribal people from the open market. Rationing with differential pricing on phased allotments, rectification of errors in targeting, anomalies in norms and procedures for classifying tribal people as BPL/APL, exclusive Income Generation for tribal population, paddy cultivation in the landholdings possessed by the tribal people, special drive for allotment of Ration Cards to the tribal people, especially those belonging to the BPL category, Mobile Fair Price Shops in tribal settlements, ensure quality of the food grains distributed through the TPDS, distribution of wheat flour in packed condition instead of wheat through the Fair Price Shops are recommended to address the shortcomings and weaknesses of the TPDS vis-avis the tribal population in Kerala.

Modelling and simulation of a photovoltaic fuel cell hybrid system

A stand-alone power system is an autonomous system that supplies electricity to the user load without being connected to the electric grid. This kind of decentralized system is frequently located in remote and inaccessible areas. It is essential for about one third of the world population which are living in developed or isolated regions and have no access to an electricity utility grid. The most people live in remote and rural areas, with low population density, lacking even the basic infrastructure. The utility grid extension to these locations is not a cost effective option and sometimes technically not feasible. The purpose of this thesis is the modelling and simulation of a stand-alone hybrid power system, referred to as “hydrogen Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell (PVFC) hybrid system”. It couples a photovoltaic generator (PV), an alkaline water electrolyser, a storage gas tank, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and power conditioning units (PCU) to give different system topologies. The system is intended to be an environmentally friendly solution since it tries maximising the use of a renewable energy source. Electricity is produced by a PV generator to meet the requirements of a user load. Whenever there is enough solar radiation, the user load can be powered totally by the PV electricity. During periods of low solar radiation, auxiliary electricity is required. An alkaline high pressure water electrolyser is powered by the excess energy from the PV generator to produce hydrogen and oxygen at a pressure of maximum 30bar. Gases are stored without compression for short- (hourly or daily) and long- (seasonal) term. A proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is used to keep the system’s reliability at the same level as for the conventional system while decreasing the environmental impact of the whole system. The PEM fuel cell consumes gases which are produced by an electrolyser to meet the user load demand when the PV generator energy is deficient, so that it works as an auxiliary generator. Power conditioning units are appropriate for the conversion and dispatch the energy between the components of the system. No batteries are used in this system since they represent the weakest when used in PV systems due to their need for sophisticated control and their short lifetime. The model library, ISET Alternative Power Library (ISET-APL), is designed by the Institute of Solar Energy supply Technology (ISET) and used for the simulation of the hybrid system. The physical, analytical and/or empirical equations of each component are programmed and implemented separately in this library for the simulation software program Simplorer by C++ language. The model parameters are derived from manufacturer’s performance data sheets or measurements obtained from literature. The identification and validation of the major hydrogen PVFC hybrid system component models are evaluated according to the measured data of the components, from the manufacturer’s data sheet or from actual system operation. Then, the overall system is simulated, at intervals of one hour each, by using solar radiation as the primary energy input and hydrogen as energy storage for one year operation. A comparison between different topologies, such as DC or AC coupled systems, is carried out on the basis of energy point of view at two locations with different geographical latitudes, in Kassel/Germany (Europe) and in Cairo/Egypt (North Africa). The main conclusion in this work is that the simulation method of the system study under different conditions could successfully be used to give good visualization and comparison between those topologies for the overall performance of the system. The operational performance of the system is not only depending on component efficiency but also on system design and consumption behaviour. The worst case of this system is the low efficiency of the storage subsystem made of the electrolyser, the gas storage tank, and the fuel cell as it is around 25-34% at Cairo and 29-37% at Kassel. Therefore, the research for this system should be concentrated in the subsystem components development especially the fuel cell.

Aplicaciones informáticas de oficina : módulo introducción a la informática y sistemas operativos.

La Asociación de Empresas de Economía Social de la Región de Murcia (AMUSAL) dedicada a la formación de trabajadores activos y desempleados elabora materiales didácticos propios para sus actuaciones formativas que son permanentemente puestos al día previa valoración de las necesidades de las empresas asociadas, en el ámbito de la gestión y dirección empresarial. En este caso se trata del módulo formativo : introducción a la informática y sistemas operativos del área de aplicaciones informáticas.

Mnesic performance and executive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)

The Episodic Memory (EM) and the Executive Functions (EF) are cognitive areas that are affected in patients with diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Nowadays there exists scarce works destined to explore the infl uence of the EF on measures of mnesic performance in MS. For this reason, we analyze the effect of the EF on the performance in a set of memory measures. We worked with a clinical group (n=36) and with a control group (n=36) compared by age and educational level. The results show that the clinical group obtained significantly low average values in all the mnesic indexes (with exception of recognition) and in all the executive measures. All the executive indexes showed significant associations with some of the indexes of mnesic performance. These findings suggest that the problems in the episodic memory in EM patients could be analyzed as the manifestation of a global disorder that could be similar to the one that involves the EF. 

Reabilitação Neuropsicológica em Pacientes com Lesão Vascular Cerebral: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en laweb de bases de datos de la Ciencia, Pubmede BIREMEentre los años 2000 y 2011 a través de los términos "la rehabilitación cognitiva y el accidente cerebrovascular" y "la rehabilitación cognitiva y el accidente cerebrovascular". Los resultados mostraron la falta de estudios sobre el tema en la literatura internacional y la ausencia de la literatura nacional (brasileño), y 21 artículos incluidos en el estudio, que informó sobre todo la rehabilitación del lenguaje están explorando los entornos virtuales para la rehabilitación metodología breves y frecuentes, así como los programas demostrado ser eficaz a las tareasde la vida diaria, lo que sugiere su validez ecológica. Se concluye que el proceso de rehabilitación necesitaestudiar más a fondo, y que sistematizó las técnicasdeben ser expuestos y la literatura científica publicada. 

Qualidade de vida em pacientes com paralisia de Bell

Avaliou-se a qualidade de vida em 30 pacientes com paralisia de Bell e 30 controles são, pareados por idade e gênero, tendo como objetivo estimar as diferenças nesta entre os pacientes e as pessoas sem paralisia. Utilizou-se a enquete SF-36 para avaliar a qualidade de vida, a escala House Brackmann para estimar o nível de severidade da paralisia, e uma enquete para determinar a idade, o gênero, o lado afetado do rosto e o tempo de evolução. Aplicou-se a prova de rangos assinalados de Wilcoxon, com o fim de obter as diferenças nas dimensões da qualidade de vida entre os pacientes e os controles sãos. Esta análise mostrou diferenças significativas nas dimensões de limitações no rol: problemas físicos (p = .002), e funcionamento social (p = .002). Por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman se observou um nível de relação significativo entre estas mesmas dimensões da qualidade de vida (p = .000 e p =.003 respectivamente) e a severidade da paralisia. Através da prova U de Mann Whitney comparou-se a qualidade de vida de acordo com o lado afetado. A análise permitiu ver uma pontuação significativamente menor na dimensão de saúde geral nos pacientes com afetação do lado direito do rosto (p = .024). Não se encontraram diferenças associadas à idade, ao gênero ou ao tempo de evolução. Os resultados permitem sugerir a inclusão de aspectos relacionados com as dimensões limitações no rol: problemas físicos e funcionamento social nos programas de intervenção dirigidos a estes pacientes.

Presentación

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Indicadores bibliométricos, redes de coautorías y colaboración institucional en revistas colombianas de psicología

Este estudio fue desarrollado con el objetivo de analizar los indicadores bibliométricos de producción de seis revistas de psicología en Colombia durante el período 2009-2011, para lo que se definieron las propiedades de las redes de colaboración científica entre los autores e instituciones. Para ello, se realizó la estandarización de la información relacionada con los artículos publicados en cada una de las revistas, se definieron los índices de producción de acuerdo con criterios bibliométricos (número de artículos y autores, áreas de publicación, tipo de producción, entre otros), se calcularon indicadores estructurales de las redes y se diseñaron visualizaciones de las redes de cooperación científica. Se destaca una producción amplia en países como Colombia, España y México, esencialmente en español, con resultados de investigación aplicada. Se observó un nivel elevado de colaboración entre autores.

La atención a la sald durante el embarazo y el parto. Una propuesta desde la psicología de la salud.

Uno de los grandes retos del equipo de salud, es sin duda, mejorar la calidad de la atención que se ofrece a las mujeres que cursan por algún momento del proceso reproductivo. Sin embargo, no es suficiente mejorar la técnica médica. Por el contrario, desde un punto de vista psicológico, durante el proceso mencionado, las mujeres confrontan sus propios esquemas cognitivos y emocionales y los del personal de salud, y de hecho se establece una relación de poder, donde ella juega el papel que ha adquirido mediante procesos educativos, sociales y culturales, el cual está caracterizado por una actitud de silencio y obediencia casi absoluta. El presente trabajo propone una estrategia de educaciónno formal, para colaborar en la atención integral a la embarazada que le permita, comprender su proceso, ventilar sus conflictos y contradicciones en su vida de pareja y de familia, y prepararse paraenfrentar su parto, con menor esfuerzo y mejor disposición emocional. El diseño se hace a partir de dos aspectos importantes, la observación de la actuación de mujeres similares durante el parto y los elementos que conforman su historia reproductiva. Así el estudio se ubica en la perspectiva interpretativa y de género para el análisis de la información.

Representaciones sociales hegemónicas y polémicas en el contexto de identidad rural [TC]

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las representaciones de lo rural y lo urbano con el intento de comprender cómo miembros de una comunidad rural se posicionan frente a la estructura social y simbólica hegemónicamente urbana. Se obtuvo el conjunto de datos a través de entrevistas a 200 integrantes de una comunidad rural, contemplando los siguientes núcleos de información: motivaciones para éxodo/permanencia en el territorio, experiencia de prejuicios, estereotipos atribuidos al grupo rural, y valores endo/exo-grupales. Los resultados referentes a las motivaciones para el éxodo o permanencia en el campo revelaron el predominio del proyecto de vida vinculado a lo rural. Los clásicos estereotipos de roceiros, bobos y caipiras fueran identificados como la imagen social del hombre del campo, elementos que producen el escenario conflictivo estratégico a la elaboración de representaciones defensivas, siendo el endogrupo rural asociado a valores positivos, y la ciudad, a significados negativamente valorizados. Se discute el imaginario grupal como campo de fuerzas en el que se elaboran representaciones polémicas en respuesta a la hegemonía urbana.

Conciencia y metacognición

En el artículo se estudian los antecedentes de los conceptos de metacognición y conciencia en algunos de los principales enfoques teóricos del siglo XX, a saber: la psicología genética de Jean Piaget y la escuela de Ginebra, la psicología histórico-cultural de Lev Vygostki y sus colaboradores, y la psicología cognoscitiva actual. El análisis de los dos primeros enfoques mencionados permite rastrear los cimientos del relativamente reciente concepto de metacognición. En consecuencia, se comprende la conciencia como un problema nuclear en la explicación psicológica y la metacognición como un constructo ampliamente relacionado

Mediación de los esquemas cognitivos maternos y estilos de parentales

El objetivo de este estudio esdeterminar el valor mediacional de  losesquemas cognitivos y los estilos de crianza reportados por los cuidadores  en la relación a las prácticas de crianza ylos problemas de comportamiento infantil. Participaron 184 cuidadores (madres,padres y otros familiares)  de niñosreferidos por instituciones educativas con problemas de comportamiento. Seaplicaron  los instrumentos: Inventariode comportamiento infantil (Eyberg & Ross, 1978), Inventario de Prácticasde Crianza (López, 2011), Cuestionario de Autoridad Parental (Varela, Vernberg,Sánchez-Sosa, Riveros, Mitchell, & Mashunkashey, 2004) y Cuestionario deEsquemas Cognitivos-Forma reducida (Young & Brown, 1994).  Los resultados apoyan un modelo según el cualel esquema cognitivo disfuncional, Estándares Inflexibles 1, actuaría como mediador entre las  Prácticas de Crianza (Castigo e InteracciónSocial)  y la Frecuencia de problemas decomportamiento.

Estrutura factorial do Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory – ZTPI numa amostra de estudantes universitários portugueses

El Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory – ZTPI (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999) es una escala compuesta por cinco factores (pasado positivo, pasado negativo, presente hedonista, presente fatalista y futuro) que evalúa la perspectiva temporal de forma multidimensional superando, de esta forma, una de las limitaciones señaladas en otros instrumentos creados en el pasado. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la estructura factorial de una versión portuguesa del ZTPI en una muestra de 277 estudiantes universitarios portugueses con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 53 años (M = 22, DE = 5.43). Fueron encontrados 5 factores que explican 35.25% de la varianza total. Estos resultados son muy parecidos a los expuestos por Zimbardo y Boyd (1999) en la publicación original del instrumento.

Application of agent-based modeling to the study of gender stereotypes

Gender stereotypes are sets of characteristics that people believe to be typically true of a man or woman. We report an agent-based model (ABM) that simulates how stereotypes disseminate in a group through associative mechanisms. The model consists of agents that carry one of several different versions of a stereotype, which share part of their conceptual content. When an agent acts according to his/her stereotype, and that stereotype is shared by an observer, then the latter’s stereotype strengthens. Contrarily, if the agent does not act according to his/ her stereotype, then the observer’s stereotype weakens. In successive interactions, agents develop preferences, such that there will be a higher probability of interaction with agents that confirm their stereotypes. Depending on the proportion of shared conceptual content in the stereotype’s different versions, three dynamics emerge: all stereotypes in the population strengthen, all weaken, or a bifurcation occurs, i.e., some strengthen and some weaken. Additionally, we discuss the use of agent-based modeling to study social phenomena and the practical consequences that the model’s results might have on stereotype research and their effects on a community