942 resultados para Woodwardia japonica


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本研究中运用四种不用的方法提取海带孢子体RNA,通过对比分析,确定了采用CTAB提取液[2% (w/v) CTAB,100 mM Tris-HC1 (pH 8.0), 50 mM EDTA, pH 7.5, 2 M NaCl, 50 mM DTT]提取RNA的方法,该方法的主要改进之处: (1) 高浓度(50 mM)的 DTT作为防止多酚氧化的还原剂加入提取液中;(2) 1/4 体积的乙醇和 1/9 体积的3 M 醋酸钾(pH 4.8)用来沉淀去除多糖;(3) 1/10倍体积的3 mol/L醋酸钠(pH 5.0)和两倍体积的乙醇选择性沉淀RNA;(4) -80℃沉淀30 min沉淀RNA。CTAB改进法提取的海带孢子体RNA质量好(A260/280 =1.96±0.05),产量高(68 μg/g),分离的RNA可用于RT-PCR反应,扩增相关基因片段。该方法提取海带配子体RNA效果也很好。 根据拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、 莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) 、铁线蕨(Adiantum capillus-veneris)、转板藻(Mougeotia scalaris)和无隔藻(Vaucheria frigida)等的蓝光受体蛋白保守序列,设计一系列简并引物,进行RT-PCR扩增,筛选并克隆测序了4条序列片段,通过比对分析,所得序列与已知的蓝光受体基因序列不一致。在所获得的序列中,一条783 bp的序列与肌醇-1-磷酸合成酶基因的片段有较高的相似性,通过RACE法克隆出该基因的3’末端,5’末端克隆没有成功,全长序列有待深入分析。

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本文在测定由中国产海带(Laminaria japonica)、海蒿子(Sargassum pallidum)、海黍子(S.kjellmanianum)和鼠尾藻(s.thunbergii)提取的无损褐藻胶的糖醛酸组成和嵌段结构的基础上,较系统地研究了褐藻酸及其钠盐钙盐对二价金属离子的静态交换平衡特性与褐藻胶结构的关系,初步制成了具有离子交换性能的粒状褐藻酸钙树脂,开对干燥过的褐藻酸、褐藻酸钠和褐藻酸钙在水溶液中的吸附机理进行了探讨和比较。其结果如下:1. 海带、海蒿子、海黍子和鼠尾藻提取的褐藻胶具有不同的组成和嵌段结构,其M/G比值分别为1.86、1.50、1.22和1.27。文中引入结构参数η不胜数= (F_MG))/(F_M * F_G),η值分别为0.62、0.13、0.36和0.41。后三种马尾藻褐藻胶与海带的结构和性质有差异,而海黍子和鼠尾藻胶在结构与性质方面比较接近。2. 褐藻胶的结构对吸附二坐金属离子具有很大影响,褐藻酸钠Cd-Sr交换反应的分离因子随着M/G比值的增大而增大;褐藻酸钙对Cu~(2+)离子的交换容量随着MG-嵌段比例(或η值)的增大而增大;褐藻酸对Sr~(2+)、Ba~(2+)、Cd~(2+)混合离子的总交换量随着M-嵌段比例的增大而增大。3. 干燥进的褐藻酸、褐藻酸钙以及褐藻酸钠在水溶液中具有不同的吸附机理。褐藻酸钠在溶液中,主要是二价离子诱导G-分子链协同聚合——“蛋箱模型”~(26),褐藻酸吸附Cu~(2+)、Sr~(2+)时,除了离子交换外,还有使分子链聚合的螯合作作,分子链上未交换的 -COOH可能参与Sr~(2+)的配位,而Cu~(2+)无此现象。褐藻酸钙吸附Cu~(2+)时,可能有部分Cu~(2+)离子进入“蛋箱”内部替代Ca~(2+)离子而重新配位,但“蛋箱”的骨架不变,而吸附Sr~(2+)时,则表现出与离子交换剂截然不同的分子吸附行为。4. 不溶性的褐藻酸和褐藻酸钙具有较高的吸附选择性,尤其是粒状褐藻酸钙树脂的选择性高、稳定性好,可能应用于贵金属的回收、分离与废水处理等。

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本论文的研究工作由两部分组成,第一部分研究了海带(Laminaria japonica)水提取物中的活性物质,并研究了提取物对蔬菜促生长的影响及其作用机制。第二部分对三列凹顶藻(Laurencia tristicha)乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯相进行了活性筛选和化学成分研究,并对其中分离得到的单体化合物进行了生物活性筛选。 第一部分主要以中国人工养殖的海带为原料,使用与海藻多糖生产相结合的提取技术并浓缩其中的有效成分。对浓缩提取物进行了蔬菜的农田效果实验,并对作物抗旱性能的增加、作物硝酸盐积累的减少、作物品质的改善、以及作物抵抗病毒病的能力等影响进行了作用机制方面的研究。海藻浓缩提取物进行的农田效果实验表明:作物抗旱型相对含水量RWC值在92%~94%之间;病毒病的防治效果最高可达到91%;作物的品质有明显的改善,最重要的是首次发现海藻提取物有降低蔬菜中硝酸盐的含量(硝酸盐的含量是与有机蔬菜区别的重要指标之一)的作用。该部分研究工作的创新性主要体现在:(1)首次在国内外提出和采用与海藻多糖生产相结合的提取技术。该技术的应用不但减少了提取成本,使工业化生产成为可能,更重要的是使我国的海藻工业生产可能实现高值化和开辟综合利用的新途径。(2)首次发现海藻中的小分子海藻多糖具有和细胞激动素、甜菜碱、植物生长素等活性物质同样的生物活性。 第二部分的研究是在查阅了大量的近20年来国内外有关红藻凹顶藻中化学成分研究的相关文献的基础上,对凹顶藻中的次生代谢产物进行了综述。该论文主要是通过对红藻三列凹顶藻的95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯相进行化学成分分析和生物活性筛选以期能够发现具有药用前景的活性先导化合物。 为了寻找具有生物活性的化合物,我们对采自我国南海硇洲岛海域的红藻三列凹顶藻的95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯相进行了活性筛选。采用MTT法对其在KB细胞株、Bel-7402细胞株、PC-3M细胞株、MCF-7细胞株、Ketr-3细胞株模型上进行了细胞毒活性测试;采用酶模型对其进行了Na+,K+-ATPase的抑制活性测试;采用MTT法对其在犬主动脉血管模型上进行了血管平滑肌细胞增殖抑制活性测试;结果表明,三列凹顶藻的95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯相对Na+,K+-ATPase和犬血管平滑肌细胞增殖具有一定的抑制活性。 利用正相和反相色谱、Sephadex LH-20色谱以及反相HPLC等手段进行分离纯化,从我国南海海域的红藻三列凹顶藻中分离得到33种化学成分,通过波谱学方法(IR、MS、NMR)以及X-ray单晶衍射试验对其化学结构进行了确证,其中化合物L1~L8为新结构化合物,化合物L5为具有新骨架的全新结构化合物,化合物L9~L13为新天然产物,化合物L18和L22系首次从海洋生物中获得,所有化合物均为首次从该属海藻中得到。新化合物L1~L8均为倍半萜类化合物,命名分别为:(1R,3R)-(-)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)- 1,3-dimethyl–2-methylidene cyclopentanol (L1), (1R,3R)-(-)-3-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-2-methylidenecyclopentanol (L2), (1R, 3R)-(-)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-1,3-dimethyl–2–methylidenecyclopentanol (L3),(+)-(1S,2R)–2-(3–hydroxy–4–methylphenyl)-1,2-[3.1.0]bicy-clohexane (L4),()-(1S,2R) -5-hydroxy–6–methyl-spiro-dihydrobenzofuran-2(3H),2-{1-methyl-[3.1.0]bicyclohexane} (L5), (+)-6-methyl-2-(p-tolyl)hept-4-en-2,6-diol (L6),(3R,3aS,8bS)-(-)-2,3,3a,8b–tetrahydro–7-bromo – 3 a– hydroxymethyl - 3, 6, 8b - trimethyl-1H- cyclopenta[b] benzofuran (L7 ),(3R, 3aS, 8bS) - (-) - 2,3,3a,8b–tetrahydro–3 a–hydroxymethyl-3,6,8b -trimethyl -1H – cyclopenta [b] benzofuran (L8)。25个已知结构化合物确定为:(+)-(1R,2R)-4-bromo-1,5, 9–trimethyl–12– methylidene–8–oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.02]dodeca-2,4,6-triene (L9),(3S,3aR,8bS)-(-)-2,3,3a, 8b– tetra -hydro–7-bromo–3–hydroxy-3,3a,6,8b-tetramethyl-1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofu- ran (L10 ),(3R, 3aR, 8bS) - (-) - 2, 3, 3a, 8b – tetrahydro – 7 - bromo – 3 – hydroxy - 3,3a,6,8b - tetramethyl - 1H - cyclopenta [b] benzofuran (L11 ),(3S,3aR,8bS) - (-) - 2, 3, 3a, 8b – tetrahydro –3–hydroxy -3, 3a, 6, 8b - tetramethyl-1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran (L12 ), ( 3aR, 8bS) - (-) - 3a,8b –dihydro–7 - bromo – 3, 3a, 6, 8b - tetramethyl - 1H - cyclopenta[b]benzofuran (L13 ),aplysinol (L14 ) ,aplysin (L15),laurebiphenyl (L16),johnstonol (L17),gossonorol (L18),7,10-epoxy-ar- bisabol-11-ol (L19),10-epi-7,10-epoxyarbisabol-11-ol (L20) 3β-hydroxy- 5α, 6α-epoxy- β- ionone (L21 ),3β-hydroxy-5β,6β-epoxy-β-ionone (L22 ),胆甾醇 (L23 ),胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α二醇胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α二醇 (L24),β-谷甾醇 (L25),叶绿醇 (L26 ),玉米黄素 (L27 ),对羟基苯甲醛 (L28 ),3-吲哚甲醛 (L29 ),1-O-十六烷酰基-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-丙三醇(L30 ),1-O-十八烷酰基-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基-丙三醇 (L31 ),丙三醇-1-软脂酸单酯 (L32 ),正十六碳酸 (L33 )。 采用MTT法对其中23个单体化合物在Bel-7402细胞株、BGC-823细胞株、A549细胞株、A2780细胞株、HCT-8细胞株和HELL细胞株模型上进行了细胞毒活性测试;采用MTT法对其中13个单体化合物在犬主动脉血管模型上进行了血管平滑肌细胞增殖抑制活性测试;结果表明,部分单体化合物显示出一定的生物活性。

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1993年以来,本实验室在借鉴高等植物基因工程原理和方法的基础上,利用海带世代交替生活史,建立了海带遗传转化体系,并申请国家专利PCT/CN03/00534(Trends in Biotechnology, 2005, 23,264-268.)。海带遗传转化体系是建立在基因枪转化海带配子体,经孤雌或受精途径再生幼孢子体后用氯霉素筛选以及海上安全栽培等一系列技术平台上的新型体系。目前该体系已经成功实现报告基因(β-半乳糖甘酶基因,LacZ)和目的基因(乙肝表面抗原基因,HBsAg)在孢子体阶段的稳定表达。由于应用该体系表达目的基因须经过孢子体再生以及海上栽培等阶段,周期较长,因此本论文拟通过以下5方面工作初步建立以配子体营养增殖为基础的新型海带表达体系,并尝试在配子体阶段实现转化、筛选、增殖及产物检测等操作。1)确立针对配子体的选择标记。2)利用光生物反应器增殖配子体。3)拓展新的报告基因种类。4)克隆内源高效启动子。5)利用该体系表达rt-PA基因(编码价格昂贵的特效溶栓药,瑞替普酶)。本论文研究结果为1)升高温度能够显著增强草丁膦的筛选效果,根据敏感性实验统计结果确定了草丁膦作为海带配子体遗传转化选择压力的筛选方案为40mg/l连续处理7d×3次。2)利用室内光生物反应器营养增殖海带配子体技术,经草丁膦筛选,实现了SV40启动子驱动草丁膦抗性基因bar在配子体细胞中的稳定表达。3)采用调整配子体营养生长状态的方法减低背景荧光,从而首次观察到增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(egfp)在海带配子体细胞中的瞬间表达。4)克隆了海带肌动蛋白基因(actin)的基因组序列,这是褐藻肌动蛋白基因组序列克隆的首次报道,通过染色体步移获得海带actin基因上游约450bp的片段。5)在上述工作基础上,与中国药科大学合作构建了瑞替普酶基因(rt-PA)的海带表达载体,并实现该基因在海带配子体细胞中的稳定表达,产物具有正确的生物学活性,平均表达量达到0.159μg/mg可溶蛋白。这是该基因在植物中表达的首次报道。研究结果提示在光生物反应器营养增殖体系基础上构建海带配子体表达系统的方案是可行的。

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alpha-葡萄糖苷酶是一类能够催化碳水化合物alpha-1,4-糖苷键水解的酶,是动物体内许多代谢途径中的关键酶,具有多方面的靶向药理活性。研究表明,alpha-葡萄糖苷酶与糖尿病,艾滋病,恶性肿瘤、溶酶体贮积症等疾病的发生机制有重要关系,已经成为治疗这些疾病的重要靶点。 海带(Laminaria japonica) 属褐藻门、海带属植物。自二十世纪四十年代从日本引入中国以来,已成为中国沿海重要的海洋经济作物。海带藻体叶片部分大都用来提炼碘、甘露醇和藻酸盐,但其假根部分一直被当作化工工业和食品工业的废料,而未得到有效的利用。在中国的沿海一带,海带根作为一种抗糖尿病的民间药物,有很长的历史。因此从海带根中提取分离降血糖成分并研究其作用机制将具有重要的意义。 本论文第一部分进行了海带根中具有alpha-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的活性组分的筛选。首先我们按照海带根中所含成分的极性不同进行了提取分离,即将海带根乙醇提取物依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取。结果乙醇粗体物、石油醚部位、乙酸乙酯部位、正丁醇部位与水部位的酶抑制IC50分别为1589µg/L、970µg/L、 380µg/L、1616µg/L、1106µg/L。乙酸乙酯部位的酶抑制活性最强。 本论文第二部分对海带根乙酸乙酯部位的提取物的体内降糖活性进行了研究,结果表明乙酸乙酯部位可以降低糖尿病大鼠餐后血糖,与阴性对照差异极显著(P<0.01)。小鼠服药后表现出的生命体征与伺服拜糖平后表现出的生命体征类似。 在以上工作基础上我们以alpha-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性为导向,用天然产物化学的方法对活性成分进行追踪,通过光谱、波谱与理化性质鉴定出了具有显著alpha-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的化合物:丁基-异丁基-邻苯酸二甲酯,并对其进行了酶抑制动力学研究。研究表明丁基-异丁基-邻苯酸二甲酯对alpha-葡萄糖苷酶表现为非竞争性抑制类型,IC50达到13.6μg/mL,且Km=2.39 g/L 本研究工作为进一步研究海带根降血糖成分的作用机理提供了研究基础。

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本文验证了碘离子选择电极法作为准确测定新鲜海带碘含量的方法。第一次系统地测定了新鲜海带中碘的含量、分布以及有机碘和无机碘的比例,测定了新鲜海带中的游离氨基酸、结合氨基酸以及总氨基酸的含量,并首次利用单向纸色谱和红外光谱,纯化并检测了新鲜海带中的含碘氨基酸。结果表明,海带中碘的平均含量占鲜重的0.133%。同时发现海带中不同部位碘的含量不同,分布特点与海带的生命活动有关,代谢较旺盛的部位,富集碘的能力越强,但是有机碘的含量反而下降。

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在浅海养殖系统中,生源要素的形态和动态对滤食性贝类生长有着重要影响,与此同时,滤食性贝类对系统中的生源要素的动态也具有重要作用,国外学者对此研究的比较多,但在我国研究甚少。在本论文中利用室内模拟实验和海上调查的方法,研究滤食性贝类的生物过滤、生物沉积及排泄作用对浅海养殖系统中生源要素动态的影响。室内模拟实验部分:1998年4月至6月间,在烟台利用室内规格相同的水池,建立了栉孔贝扇(Chlamys farreri)不同养殖密度单养、栉孔扇贝和海带(Laminaria japonica)混养、栉孔扇贝和海带、刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)多元化养殖等三种养殖模式,九个养殖系统和一个对照系统,实验中各池的温度、光照、盐度和换水量基本一致,定期测定实验池中颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒氮(PN)和水体及沉积物中营养盐的含量。实验结果表明:1 栉孔扇贝大量滤食水体中的颗粒物质,导致水体中颗粒物质浓度的降低,水体中POC和PN的现存量与栉孔扇贝的放养密度负相关,水体中颗粒物的缺乏会限制栉孔扇贝的生长,当POC、PN的现存量分别降低到0.09mg/L、0.015mg/L时,就会限制栉孔扇贝的生长。2 栉孔扇贝排泄代谢产物增加了水体中无机营养盐的浓度,栉孔扇贝排泄的氮以NH_4~+-N为主,占三氮的93.5%;海带可为栉孔扇贝生长提供一部分饵料。3 实验期间硅浓度低于或近于2umol/L,限制了硅藻的生长,实验后期水体中氮盐浓度降低,氮磷比小于10,可能限制了浮游植物的生长,减少了栉孔扇贝的饵料生物,从而抑制了栉孔扇贝的生长。4 在栉孔扇贝单养和贝藻参混养系列中,沉积物中有机物、有机碳、有机氮、有机磷及总磷的含量随栉孔扇贝放养密度的增大而减少。5 在贝藻混养系列中的栉孔扇贝生长好于单养系列,在贝藻参混养系列中的海带生长速度快于贝藻混养系列;单养和贝藻参混养模式中栉栉孔扇贝的日产量均以放养密度中等的(20个/m~2)养殖系统较高。海上调查部分:于1997年冬季、1998年春季和夏季,在烟台四十里湾海区进行了三次野外调查,分别在养殖海区和非养殖海区取得沉积物柱状样,测定沉积物中有机质和间隙水中无机营养盐的含量。实验结果表明:6 养殖区沉积物中有机质的含量大于非养殖区,平均高约22%。7 养殖海区沉积物间隙水中营养盐的浓度大于非养殖海区,其中养殖区NH_4~+-N、PO_4~(3-)-P 的浓度分别高于非养殖区50%和200%-400%,NO_3~--N, NO_2~--N 的浓度差别不明显;沉积物间隙水中营养盐浓度冬季较小,而春夏季浓度较高;氮盐以NH_4~+-N 为主,占90%以上。8 养殖海区沉积物-海水界面间营养盐扩散通量大于非养殖海区,烟台四十里湾沉积物-海水界面间NH_4~+-N, PO_4~(3-)-P, NO_3~--N, NO_2~--N 冬、春、夏三季平均扩散通分别为249.99 umol/m~2/d、3.78 umol/m~2/d、5.24 umol/m~2/d、0.83mol/m~2/d。

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We conducted this study to assess the diversity of bacteria associated with the surfaces of algae based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses. Twelve strains of bacteria were obtained from the surfaces of the following four species of algae: Gracilaria textorii, Ulva pertusa, Laminaria japonica, and Polysiphonia urceolata. The isolated strains of bacteria can be divided into two groups: Halomonas and Vibrio, in physiology, biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rDNA sequences of the isolates shows four obvious clusters, Halomonas venusta, Vibrio tasmaniensis, Vibrio lentus, and Vibrio splendidus. Isolates from the surface of P. urceolata are more abundant and diverse, of which strains P9 and P28 have a 16S rDNA sequence very similar (97.5%-99.8%) to that of V. splendidus. On the contrary, the isolates from the surfaces of G textorii, U. pertusa and L. japonica are quite simple and distribute on different branches of the phylogenetic tree. In overall, the results of this study indicate that the genetic relationships among the isolates are quite close and display a certain level of host species specificity, and alga-associated bacteria species are algal species specific.

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The growth and activity of juvenile Japanese eels Anguilla Japonica in different pigmentation stages from the glass eel to the elver stage were studied in the laboratory at 15, 20 and 25degrees C. The growth and activity of the eels were significantly influenced by both temperature and fish size. Growth rate generally declined with increasing fish size, and fish were least active and experienced a low growth during the pigmenting stage at all temperatures. They were nocturnal and spent significantly more time moving (swimming, feeding and moving over the substratum) at 20 and 25degrees C than at 15degrees C at night within each pigmentation stage. Accordingly, they grew significantly Faster at 20 and 25degrees C than at 15degrees C throughout the study. The development of pigmentation appeared to be dependant on water temperature but not on fish size. This study suggested that the growth and activity of juvenile Japanese eels were positively correlated, because fish were least active and grew slowest at low temperature (15degrees C) or during the pigmenting stage at all temperatures. (C) 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

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The sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by two species of brown macroalgae and five species of microalgae were studied. The two brown macroalgae, Laminaria japonica and Sargassum kjellmanianum, were found to have high capacities at pHs between 4.0 and 5.0 while for microalgae, optimum pH lay at 6.7. The presence of other cations in solution was found to reduce the sorption of the target cation, suggesting a competition for sorption sites on organisms. Sorption isotherms obeyed the Freundlich equation, suggesting involvement of a multiplicity of mechanisms and sorption sites. For the microalgae tested, Spirulina platensis had the highest capacity for Cd, followed by Nannochloropsis oculata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Platymonas cordifolia and Chaetoceros minutissimus. The reversibility of metal sorption by macroalgae was examined and the results show that both HCl and EDTA solutions were very effective in desorbing sorbed metal ions from macroalgae, with up to 99.5% of metals being recovered. The regenerated biomass showed undiminished sorption performance for the two metals studied, suggesting the potential of such material for use in water and wastewater treatment. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

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The spatial distribution of some large tintinnid species (nominally>76 mu m) was investigated according to samples collected by vertical towing in cruises to the southern Yellow Sea in summer 2000-2002 and 2004. Eight species were identified: Codonellopsis mobilis, Leprotintinnus netritus, Tintinnopsis karajacensis, T. japonica, T. kiaochowensis, T. butschlii, T. radix, and Parafavella sp. With maximum abundance of 158.2 ind/L in June 2004, C mobilis was the dominant species, lasting from May to July 2004. Tintinnid communities were patchy and distributed mainly in shallow waters along the shore.

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Eight species among six genera of bopyrid isopods (representing the subfamilies Pseudionmae and loninae) infesting thalassinideans from China are reported. Of these, four species are new to science: Gyge.fujianensis n. sp., Progebiophilits elongatus n. sp., Upogebione bidigitatus n. sp., and Procepon liuruiyui n. sp., infesting Upogebia major (de Haan), Nihonotrypaea japonica Ortmann, Upogebia carinicauda (Stimpson), and Austinogebia wuhsienweni (Yu). One species, lone cornuta Bate, 1864, is recorded for the first time from Chinese waters and from a new host. Pseudione longicauda Shiino, 1937, Gyge ovalis (Shiino, 1939), and Progebiophilus sinicus Markham, 1982, previously known from Hong Kong or Taiwan, are recorded for the first time from mainland China, extending their range north.

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The present paper reports 8 pontoniine shrimp species, from Anambas and Natuna, Indonesia, i. e., Anchistus miersi (De Man, 1888), Conchodytes meleagrinae Peters, 1852, Hamodacotylus boschmai Holthuis, 1952, Jocaste japonica (Ortmann, 1890), Palaemonella pottsi (Borradaile, 1915), Periclimenes andamanensis Kemp, 1922, Periclimenes attenuatus Bruce, 1971, and Periclimenes grandis (Stimpson, 1860).

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Fucoidan, the sulphated polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, has various biological activities. The effect of fucoidan on the formation of proteinuria and renal functions in active Heymann nephritis was investigated in this study. Active Heymann nephritis was induced by administering brush border protein of rat proximal uriniferous tubules (FX1A). Fucoidan was administered by oral intubation to Heymann nephritis rats at three doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) once daily for 4 weeks. The elevated urinary protein excretion and plasma creatinine due to the induction of Heymann nephritis were significantly reduced by fucoidan at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The results indicated that fucoidan has a renoprotective effect on active Heymann nephritis and is a promising therapeutic agent for nephritis. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley F Sons, Ltd.

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A new species of spider crab, Doclea unidentata, is described from the South China Sea. Allied to D. brachyrhynchos Bleeker, 1856, and D. macracanthus Bleeker, 1856, it can easily be distinguished by its very short, unidentate rostrum. The identity of Doclea canalifera Stimpson, 1857, is resolved with the selection of a neotype, and it is here regarded as a senior subjective synonym of D. japonica Ortmann, 1893. The taxonomy of this species as well as the allied D. ovis (Fabricius, 1787) is also discussed.