Micromorfologia da superfície do aquênio em Bulbostylis Kunth (Cyperaceae)

Bulbostylis possui aproximadamente 150 espécies, distribuídas nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais de ambos os hemisférios. Caracteres morfológicos da superfície do aquênio, em microscopia eletrônica de varredura, foram utilizados para diferenciar 38 das 45 espécies de Bulbostylis Kunth (Cyperaceae) ocorrentes no Brasil, permitindo o reconhecimento de três padrões de ornamentação da superfície do aquênio: tuberculado, reticulado e transversalmente rugoso. Além destes, outros caracteres de interesse taxonômico foram observados, tais como a variação na escultura primária do aquênio, a ornamentação das paredes anticlinais, a presença ou ausência de corpos silicosos e o contorno das células epidérmicas.

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and analysis of induced sputum cells in Crohn's disease

With the aim of investigating the presence of latent inflammatory process in the lungs of patients with Crohn's disease, 15 patients with Crohn's disease were evaluated by spirometry, the methacholine challenge test, induced sputum, and skin tests for inhaled antigens. Serum IgE, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hematocrit were also determined. The patients were compared with 20 healthy controls by the Mann-Whitney and Fisher exact tests. Their respiratory physical examination was normal. None had a personal or family history of clinical atopy. None had a previous history of pulmonary disease, smoking or toxic bronchopulmonary exposure. None had sinusitis, migraine, diabetes mellitus, or cardiac failure. Four (26.6%) of the patients with Crohn's disease had a positive methacholine challenge test whereas none of the 20 controls had a positive methacholine test (P = 0.026, Fisher exact test). Patients with Crohn's disease had a higher level of lymphocytes in induced sputum than controls (mean 14.59%, range 3.2-50 vs 5.46%, 0-26.92%, respectively; P = 0.011, Mann-Whitney test). Patients with Crohn's disease and a positive methacholine challenge test had an even higher percentage of lymphocytes in induced sputum compared with patients with Crohn's disease and a negative methacholine test (mean 24.88%, range 12.87-50 vs 10.48%, 3.2-21.69%; P = 0.047, Mann-Whitney test). The simultaneous findings of bronchopulmonary lymphocytosis and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with Crohn's disease were not reported up to now. These results suggest that patients with Crohn's disease present a subclinical inflammatory process despite the absence of pulmonary symptoms.

Protective effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on lung function and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma

The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of a novel phosphodiesterase 4 and 5 inhibitor, LASSBio596, with that of dexamethasone in a murine model of chronic asthma. Lung mechanics (airway resistance, viscoelastic pressure, and static elastance), histology, and airway and lung parenchyma remodeling (quantitative analysis of collagen and elastic fiber) were analyzed. Thirty-three BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to four groups. In the asthma group (N = 9), mice were immunized with 10 µg ovalbumin (OVA, ip) on 7 alternate days, and after day 40 they were challenged with three intratracheal instillations of 20 µg OVA at 3-day intervals. Control mice (N = 8) received saline under the same protocol. In the dexamethasone (N = 8) and LASSBio596 (N = 8) groups, the animals of the asthma group were treated with 1 mg/kg dexamethasone disodium phosphate (0.1 mL, ip) or 10 mg/kg LASSBio596 dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2 mL, ip) 24 h before the first intratracheal instillation of OVA, for 8 days. Airway resistance, viscoelastic pressure and static elastance increased significantly in the asthma group (77, 56, and 76%, respectively) compared to the control group. The asthma group presented more intense alveolar collapse, bronchoconstriction, and eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration than the control group. Both LASSBio596 and dexamethasone inhibited the changes in lung mechanics, tissue cellularity, bronchoconstriction, as well as airway and lung parenchyma remodeling. In conclusion, LASSBio596 at a dose of 10 mg/kg effectively prevented lung mechanical and morphometrical changes and had the potential to block fibroproliferation in a BALB/c mouse model of asthma.

Low expression of antigen-presenting and costimulatory molecules by lung cells from tuberculosis patients

Costimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules are essential to the initiation of T cell immunity to mycobacteria. The present study analyzed by immunocytochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies and alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase method, the frequency of costimulatory (CD86, CD40, CD40L, CD28, and CD152) and antigen-presenting (MHC class II and CD1) molecules expression on human lung cells recovered by sputum induction from tuberculosis (TB) patients (N = 22) and non-TB controls (N = 17). TB cases showed a statistically significant lower percentage of HLA-DR+ cells than control subjects (21.9 ± 4.2 vs 50.0 ± 7.2%, P < 0.001), even though similar proportions of TB cases (18/22) and control subjects (16/17, P = 0.36) had HLA-DR-positive-stained cells. In addition, fewer TB cases (10/22) compared to control subjects (16/17) possessed CD86-expressing cells (P = 0.04; OR: 0.05; 95%CI = 0.00-0.51), and TB cases expressed a lower percentage of CD86+ cells (P = 0.04). Moreover, TB patients with clinically limited disease (£1 lobe) on chest X-ray exhibited a lower percentage of CD86-bearing cells compared to patients with more extensive lung disease (>1 lobe) (P = 0.02). The lower expression by lung cells from TB patients of HLA-DR and CD86, molecules involved in antigen presentation and activation of T cells, may minimize T cell recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, fostering an immune dysfunctional state and active TB.

Sensory profile of eleven peach cultivars

The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensory profile of eleven peach cultivars grown in an experimental orchard located in the city of Lapa (PR, Brazil) in two seasons. The peach cultivars analyzed were Aurora I, Chimarrita, Chiripá, Coral, Eldorado, Granada, Leonense, Maciel, Marli, Premier, and Vanguarda. The sensory analysis was performed by previously trained panelists; 20 of them in the first season and 10 in the second season. The sensory evaluation was performed using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis, in which the following attributes were measured: appearance, aroma, flesh color, flesh firmness, flavor, and juiciness. The results showed preference for sweet, soft, and juicy fruits. Chimarrita, Chiripá, and Coral fruits showed better sensorial performance than the other peach cultivars. It was also verified that the analysis of the attributes aroma, flesh firmness, and flavor is enough for performing the sensory profile of peach fruits for in natura consumption.

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of snack made with minced Nile tilapia

Nile tilapia is one of the major fish species cultivated worldwide and in Brazil. The tilapia fillet yield is between 30-35%, thus around 70% of waste is generated. A portion of this waste can be used to obtain minced fish, and the resulting product can be used as meat raw material to prepare fish snacks. The aim of this study was to produce fish snacks containing different inclusion levels (20, 30, and 40%) of minced fish obtained from Nile tilapia processing waste and evaluate their physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptance. Protein content, ash, water activity, and hardness increased with increasing inclusion of minced fish. The scores obtained in the sensory evaluation were: flavor acceptance (from 7.2 to 5.7), texture (from 7.4 to 5.3), overall acceptance (from 7.1 to 5.9), and willingness to purchase (from 4.0 to 3.1). This study demonstrates that the inclusion of 20 to 40% of minced fish of Nile tilapia in snacks is well accepted and improves their nutritional value without affecting the physicochemical properties.

La celebración pedagógica como herramienta educadora y cohesionadora del fenómeno sociocultural.

El trabajo obtuvo una mención honorífica de la modalidad A de los Premios 'Tomás García Verdejo' 2009 a las buenas prácticas educativas de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura

As tecnologias da informação e comunicação e o professor de fisioterapia: interações para a construção de práticas pedagógicas

A preocupação central desta pesquisa foi avaliar a utilização das tecnologias da informação e comunicação na prática pedagógica de professores dos cursos de Bacharelado em Fisioterapia de Instituições de Ensino Superior da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. A pesquisa foi conduzida com 100 professores fisioterapeutas que lecionam em quatro instituições de ensino da referida cidade, e com quatro coordenadores dos cursos de Fisioterapia das mesmas instituições. Procedeu-se à aplicação de um questionário validado e adaptado aos professores e uma entrevista semi-estruturada aos coordenadores de curso. A análise dos dados quantitativos foi realizada por meio do programa SPSS 18.0; enquanto a análise dos dados qualitativos foi orientada pela análise de discurso. Os resultados demonstraram a falta de formação profissional dos docentes fisioterapeutas para a utilização das novas tecnologias no ensino da Fisioterapia, visto que, apesar de a maioria dos professores ter acesso aos recursos tecnológicos, poucos fazem uso destas ferramentas em contexto educativo. Assim, sugere-se que muito se tem a evoluir para que toda a potencialidade dos recursos tecnológicos possa ser utilizada a favor do ensino da Fisioterapia, tanto para construção das práticas pedagógicas de seus docentes quanto para a facilitação do processo de ensino-aprendizagem com os alunos.

Avaliação de duas técnicas de reação em cadeia da polimerase na detecção do Mycobacterium tuberculosis em diferentes amostras biológicas

A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infecto-contagiosa causada pelo bacilo Mycobacterium tuberculosis e que permanece como um importante problema de saúde pública mundial, sendo a TB pulmonar a forma mais comum de apresentação da doença. O diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado são essenciais para a eficácia dos programas públicos de controle da TB. Novos metodologias mais rápidas, sensíveis e específicas, como a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), vem sendo propostas no diagnóstico da doença. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de duas PCR, a PCR em tempo real (qPCR) e a Nested PCR em único tubo (STNPCR), em diferentes amostras biológicas, no diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar, além de compará-las com as metodologias convencionais (baciloscopia e cultura) e entre si. Para isso foram analisados 125 pacientes que tiveram amostras de sangue (125 amostras de plasma e 116 amostras de PBMC), urina (n=125) e escarro (n=125) coletadas, totalizando a análise de 491 amostras biológicas. Amostras de escarro e urina foram descontaminadas pelo método de Petroff NAOH 4 por cento modificado e semeadas em meio de cultura Lõwenstein-Jensen (LJ), enquanto as amostras de sangue eram separadas em plasma e PBMC. Após processamento, deu-se a extração de DNA através do kit comercial da Qiagen seguida de amplificação pelas duas metodologias de PCR. Para análise estatística calculou-se a sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo e índice kappa das técnicas. A STNPCR apresentou, em amostras de sangue, sensibilidade de 26,3 por cento e especificidade de 97,7 por cento. Em amostras de urina observou-se uma S = 7,9 por cento e E = 98,9 por cento e em escarro S = 21,1 por cento e E = 98,9 por cento. Quando analisadas as asmotras em paralelo, a sensibilidade da STNPCR foi igual a 44,7 por cento enquanto sua especificidade foi 97,7 por cento. Já a qPCR, em amostras de sangue, obteve sensibilidade igual a 26,3 por cento e especificidade de 95,4 por cento. Em amostras de urina a sensibilidade obtida foi 47,4 por cento e a especificidade 79,3 por cento e, em escarro, S = 36,8 por cento e E = 95,4 por cento. Quando analisada em paralelo, a sensibilidade da qPCR foi 65,8 por cento e a especificidade foi 79,3 por cento. A baciloscopia de escarro apresentou sensibilidade de 41,7 por cento e especificidade de 100 por cento, enquanto as culturas em urina e escarro apresentaram sensibilidade e especificidade, respectivamente, de 10,5 por cento e 100 por cento e 60,5 por cento e 96,6 por cento. Pode-se concluir que a qPCR apresentou melhor desempenho quando comparada à STNPCR e também bom desempenho quando comparada às metodologias convencionais, e que quando analisa-se mais de um tipo de amostras biológica, a eficácia das técnicas é aumentada. Espera-se que com a utilização dessa técnica molecular, seja possível a melhor elucidação dos casos de TB pulmonar, promovendo maior taxa de tratamento dos pacientes e menor risco de transmissão da doença

Effect of processing on amine formation and the lipid profile of cod (Gadus morhua) roe

The processing of fish roe leads to changes in its chemical composition, the extent of which depends on the techniques and additives employed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ripening temperature and the use of sodium benzoate and citric acid on the quality of ripened cod roe, with respect to the contents of volatile base nitrogen (VBN), trimethylamine (TMA), biogenic amines (BA) and on the lipid composition. In comparison with fresh roes, ripened roes presented higher contents of VBN, TMA, BA and the proportion of free fatty acids regardless of the temperature and additives used during the ripening process. The greatest increases were observed in the samples ripened at 17 degrees C without additives, in which histamine was detected at 8.8 mg/100 g. A low ripening temperature was the main factor responsible for minimising changes in the cod roe composition. The addition of sodium benzoate as a preservative or citric acid to decrease the pH value had a significant effect in maintaining the quality of the cod roes, mainly at high ripening temperature. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Alcantarea (Bromeliaceae) leaf anatomical characterization and its systematic implications

Alcantarea (Bromeliaceae) has 26 species that are endemic to eastern Brazil, occurring mainly on gneiss-granitic rock outcrops (`inselbergs`). Alcantarea has great ornamental potential and several species are cultivated in gardens. Limited data is available in the literature regarding the leaf anatomical features of the genus, though it has been shown that it may provide valuable information for characterizing of Bromeliaceae taxa. In the present work, we employed leaf anatomy to better characterize the genus and understand its radiation into harsh environments, such as inselbergs. We also searched for characteristics potentially useful in phylogenetic analyses and in delimiting Alcantarea and Vriesea. The anatomical features of the leaves, observed for various Alcantarea species, are in accordance with the general pattern shown by other Bromeliaceae members. However, some features are notable for their importance for sustaining life on rock outcrops, such as: small epidermal thick-walled cells, uneven sinuous epidermal walls, hypodermis often differentiated into lignified layers with thick-walled cells, aquiferous hypodermis bearing collapsible cells, and the presence of well developed epicuticular stratum. Alcantarea leaves tend to show different shapes in the spongy parenchyma, and have chlorenchymatous palisade parenchyma arranged in more well-defined arches, when compared to Vriesea species from the same habitat.

Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract, dichloromethane fraction and costunolide from Magnolia ovata (Magnoliaceae)

Aim of the study: Magnolia ovata (A.St.-Hil.) Spreng (formerly Talauma ovata), known as ""pinha-do-brejo"" or ""baguacu"", is a large tree widely distributed in Brazil. Its trunk bark has been used in folk medicine against fever. However, no data have been published to support the antipyretic ethnopharmacological use. This study investigated the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanolic extract (EEMO). dichloromethane fraction (DCM), and the isolated compound costunolide. Materials and methods: The antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in experimental models of fever and inflammation in mice. Results: The oral administration of EEMO, DCM and costunolide inhibited carrageenan (Cg)-induced paw oedema (ID(50) 72.35 (38.64-135.46) mg/kg, 5.8 (2.41-14.04) mg/kg and 0.18 (0.12-0.27) mg/kg, respectively) and was effective in abolishing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever (30 mg/kg, 4.5 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively). EEMO was also effective in reducing cell migration in the pleurisy model. Intraplantar injection of costunolide also reduced the paw oedema, myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity induced by Cg in mice. Conclusions: Collectively, these results show, for the first time, that extracts obtained from Magnolia ovata possess antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties, and costunolide appears to be the compound responsible for these effects. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A new species of Vriesea Lindl. (Bromeliaceae, Tillandsioideae) from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

A new species of Vriesea Lindl. belonging to section Xiphion (E. Morren) E. Morren ex Mez. - V. sanfranciscana Versieux & Wand.- is described and illustrated. The species is only known to occur in the Serra da Canastra National Park, located in the southwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil, and is morphologically related to V. atropurpurea Silveira from serra do Cipo, Espinhaco range.

A new species of Orthophytum (Bromeliaceae) from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

In this paper we describe and illustrate Orthophytum argentum as a new species from campos rupestres of Espinhaco Range, morphologically similar to Orthophytum toscanoi.

Revision of Orthophytum (Bromeliaceae): the species with sessile inflorescences

Orthophytum is a bromeliad genus restricted to Brazil with records for the states of Paraiba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais. The genus is usually divided in two informal groups based on the presence or absence of a peduncle. This paper presents a taxonomic revision of the 12 species in the group with sessile inflorescences and descriptions of the genus and species, nomenclatural and ecological notes, as well as illustrations are provided. The new species Orthophytum ulei is described. The conservation status for each species is evaluated using the World Conservation Union (IUCN) criteria.