Proposta d'incorporaci?? de t??cnics en animaci?? sociocultural als centres escolars

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Estudio acerca de la influencia del nivel sociocultural en la competencia comunicativa e intervención didáctica en expresión y comprensión en alumnado de ESO

La experiencia que mostramos fue llevada a cabo por un grupo de trabajo formado por tres profesoras de la materia de Lengua castellana y literatura en tres centros de enseñanza secundaria de Andalucía durante el curso 2007/ 2008 (en Granada en los IES “Clara Campoamor” de Peligros y “Manuel de Falla” de Maracena; y en Jaén, el IES “Juan de Villar” de Arjonilla)

Idoneidad didáctica de un protocolo sociocultural de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas

En este estudio se evalúa la adecuación de un protocolo para la enseñanza del concepto de poliedro regular, destinado a alumnos de 14 y 15 años. Este protocolo se ha diseñado desde una perspectiva sociocultural y su evaluación se basa en la aplicación de los criterios de idoneidad didáctica que ofrece el enfoque ontosemiótico. La idoneidad se estudia con la revisión de sus diferentes dimensiones: matemática, cognitiva, interaccional, mediacional, emocional y ecológica. El análisis ha permitido detectar algunos factores que favorecen la validez del protocolo y la adecuación para su empleo en el aula, como el tipo de discurso, el uso de material manipulable o el trabajo cooperativo

As expressões artísticas integradas nos processos de mediação em animação sociocultural : contributos para um novo modelo de intervenção

O presente estudo pretende compreender como é que o Animador Sociocultural adapta as expressões artísticas integradas nos projectos de intervenção, quais os modelos de mediação que utiliza e quais as mudanças que fomenta na sua intervenção socioeducativa. A metodologia desta investigação, de carácter qualitativo, recorre a um modelo de investigação exploratória, sendo um estudo de caso múltiplo, constituído por seis projectos de intervenção de alunos finalistas em Animação Sociocultural, desenvolvidos em seis concelhos, englobando 120 indivíduos, desde a população infantil à população sénior. Partindo de um quadro teórico que procura sustentar alguns dos conceitos apresentados no âmbito desta investigação, utilizámos vários instrumentos, desde entrevistas semi-estruturadas, diários de campo, posters científicos e relatórios de campo. Para a interpretação destes dados, recorreu-se a uma análise de conteúdo seguida de uma triangulação múltipla, contribuindo para que este novo modelo de intervenção se revelasse inovador, permitindo compreender as várias implicações teórico-práticas deste estudo. Da análise efectuada, concluímos que a utilização das expressões artísticas integradas, desenvolvidas em conjunto, é uma ferramenta indispensável nos processos de mediação em ASC. Também podemos afirmar, que nos projectos de intervenção, os sujeitos de investigação desenvolveram uma Investigação-acção Prática, através de um modelo de Mediação Transformativa, onde as expressões artísticas integradas foram desenvolvidas de uma forma agrupada. A mudança, a que este novo modelo de intervenção conduziu, no final desta investigação, foi uma melhoria ao nível da Inter-relação, da Relação afectiva, da Auto-estima e da Participação entre os vários indivíduos envolvidos.

Dimensión axiológica en los modelos: conductistas, constructivista piagetiano, teoría sociocultural de Vygotsky

Al hacer un recorrido acerca de las concepciones de diferentes de autores sobre los valores éticos, se han podido extraer aquellos criterios que son útiles para lograr los objetivos planteados. Se toma el concepto de ética como el conjunto de principios que se aplican a toda la humanidad para vivir a satisfacción consigo mismo y en armonía con los demás. Los actuales enfoques filosóficos de la modernidad centrados en el culto al capitalismo y la globalización junto con los medios de comunicación masivos han tergiversado y relativizado los valores éticos, creando amenazas en los órdenes mundiales y conflictuando a la humanidad. La necesidad de vivir en paz y armonía en el grupo social y permanecer en la esencia biológica de la afectividad, llevan a buscar propuestas para lograr la comprensión humana, partiendo de la comprensión de sí mismo. El sistema educativo es el conducto por el cual se puede llegar a la valoración de lo humano y reforzar los conceptos fundamentales de la ética. Con el estudio de tres modelos pedagógicos representativos de las diferentes concepciones acerca del ser humano y contextualizados en medios socioculturales diferentes, se determina cómo estos han enfocado la educación ética, y de este análisis, extraer algunos lineamientos que puedan orientar a una educación basada en la axiología y más específicamente en la ética. Al final del tercer capítulo se recomienda la fusión de dos nuevos modelos con enfoque sociocultural y filosófico, fusión que puede ser adaptada al desarrollo del niño y a las necesidades personales y del grupo escolar.

The sociocultural contexts and meanings associated with livestock keeping in rural South Africa

This paper complements Vetter’s position paper, ‘Development and sustainable management of rangeland commons – aligning policy with the realities of South Africa’s rural landscape’ (Vetter in this issue). It seeks to advance the debate regarding the contemporary nature of livestock keeping in South Africa. It sheds some anthropological light on the role of ‘culture’ in accounting for people’s values and practices in relation to livestock and reflects on the implications of this for policy-making in this area.

Self-esteem and negative affect as moderators of sociocultural influences on body dissatisfaction, strategies to decrease weight and strategies to increase muscles among adolescent boys and girls

The study was conducted to examine the impact of sociocultural influences and the moderating role of self-esteem and negative affect on body dissatisfaction and body change strategies for both adolescent boys and girls. Surveys designed to assess body dissatisfaction, body change strategies to decrease weight and increase muscles, perceived sociocultural pressures to lose weight and increase muscles, self-esteem and negative affect were administered to 587 boys and 598 girls aged between 11 and 15 years. The majority of respondents were from Anglo-Australian backgrounds (83%) with the remainder being from Asian and European non-English-speaking backgrounds. The sociocultural influences were found to significantly predict body dissatisfaction and body change strategies for both boys and girls. However, in the case of boys, self-esteem was found to moderate the impact of the sociocultural influences in predicting body change strategies. It was primarily the boys with low self-esteem who were more affected by the sociocultural pressures whereas the girls were affected independently of their self-esteem. Negative affect was also found to play a moderating role on some of the sociocultural influences in predicting strategies to increase muscles. Both boys and girls with higher levels of negative affect were more likely to be affected by sociocultural messages directed at increasing muscles. The results from the present study demonstrate that as well as examining the direct influence of sociocultural pressures, it is also important to examine how these may be moderated by self-esteem and negative affect.

The structure of the perceived sociocultural influences on body image and body change questionnaire

This article is concerned with the development and evaluation of the Perceived Sociocultural Influences on Body Image and Body Change Questionnaire. The scale was designed to assess the perceived nature of feedback received from mother, father, best male friend, and best female friend to gain weight, lose weight, and increase muscle tone. The perceived feedback from the media on each of these areas also was assessed. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted with 240 adolescent boys (mean age = 13.83 years) and 204 adolescent girls (mean age = 13.70 years). A 3-factor structure was found for the 4 scales that related to perceived feedback from mother, father, best male friend, and best female friend. Feedback on muscle tone loaded with both weight loss and weight gain. The three factors related to (a) general feedback; (b) encourage, tease, and modeling to gain weight and increase muscle tone, and (c) encourage, tease, and modeling to lose weight and increase muscle tone. The factor structure and the items that made up these factors were the same for both boys and girls for each of the 4 scales. The Perceived Media Influences Scale formed 3 factors for girls. These factors related to gaining weight, losing weight, and increasing muscle tone. For boys, the same 9 items formed a single factor. The same items were retained for boys and girls. A confirmatory factor analysis with 822 adolescents (382 boys, mean age = 14.02 years; 440 girls, mean age = 13.82 years) confirmed the previously described factor structure. These results demonstrate that the Perceived Sociocultural Influences on Body Image and Body Change Questionnaire is able to assess body image and body change strategies that are relevant for both boys and girls.

Similarities in body image in sisters: the role of sociocultural internalization and social comparison

The sociocultural theory of body image disturbance states that Western women experience pressure from sources such as parents, peers, and the media to maintain thinness. Social comparison theory emphasises the role of comparing one's appearance to others. Body image disturbance; awareness and Internalization of sociocultural messages regarding thinness; and sibling social comparisons were examined in 41 closest-in-age sisters through self-report questionnaires. Sisters showed similar levels of body image disturbance and sociocultural awareness and internalization. Sibling comparisons were negative for younger sisters but neutral or positive for older sisters. Sociocultural internalization predicted body dissatisfaction in both sisters, and body size distortion in younger sisters. Negative sibling comparisons during teenage years predicted body size distortion and body dissatisfaction in younger sisters, and preference for thinness in older sisters.

Body image ideal among males and females: sociocultural influences and focus on different body parts

Past research has obtained mixed findings in relation to gender differences and other factors that shape ideal body image. The current study was designed to investigate these differences further, using a digital body image program to assess body image individually. As expected, females desired a body that was smaller than their current size, whereas males were split between wanting a smaller and larger body. The perceived messages from peers and parents were consistent with the individual's ideal image. Gender differences were also found with ratings of attractiveness and effectiveness. Females rated messages from peers and parents as more important than did males. For both males and females, opposite sex peers were the most important influences, and parents the least important.

Sociocultural and individual influences on muscle gain and weight loss strategies among adolescent boys and girls

The study examined the role of body dissatisfaction, body image importance, sociocultural influences (media and parent and peer encouragement), self-esteem and negative affect on body change strategies to decrease weight and increase muscles in adolescent boys and girls. Surveys were administered to 587 boys and 598 girls aged between 11 and 15 years. For both genders, parent and peer encouragement and negative affect were the primary predictors of body dissatisfaction, body image importance and strategies to decrease weight and increase muscles. In addition, body image importance was a significant factor in the development of both types of body change strategies, while the media only predicted strategies to decrease weight. Lastly, the effects of self-esteem were mediated by body dissatisfaction. For boys, a stronger focus on body importance occurred among the boys who were generally satisfied with their bodies while the reverse was the case for girls.

Sociocultural influences on body image concerns and body change strategies among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australian adolescent girls and boys

Sociocultural messages about the ideal body build have been studied predominantlyamong White adolescent girls. In the current study we examined the relationships between perceived sociocultural influences, body image concerns, and body change strategies among 47 (22 boys and 25 girls) Indigenous Australian adolescents. These relationships were compared to those from 47 non-Indigenous adolescents (predominantly from an Anglo-Saxon background), who were matched on gender, age, and school grade. Overall, the sociocultural influences were found to be associated with body image concerns and body change strategies among both cultural groups. The only exception was that the sociocultural influences were not associated with the Indigenous girls levels of body dissatisfaction or body image importance. These findings are discussed in relation to past studies of White and Black girls.

Sociocultural influences on adolescent boys' body image and body change strategies

Society provides messages about how people should ideally look and previous research has indicated these messages, both the actual messages provided and the perception of the message, influence body image. Research into male body image has shown males are concerned with having a lean and muscular body and as such, may want to decrease fat and increase their muscles. This paper explored the influence of a range of messages from parents, peers, and the media on a number of different measures of 362 adolescent boys’ body image and body change strategies. Specifically, messages about shape, food, exercise, losing weight and increasing muscles were explored in relation to satisfaction with weight and muscles, and the use of strategies to decrease weight and increase muscles. The findings indicated that parental messages were the strongest influence on body image and that parents, the media, and to a lesser extent messages from male friends were the strongest predictors of body change strategies.