Empleo agrario y ruralidad ampliada

La creciente interrelación rural-urbana es un aspecto resaltado por distintos trabajos producidos recientemente en Argentina y en otros contextos sociales. Este artículo parte de consideraciones teóricas acerca de la ruralidad y analiza la evolución experimentada por la estructura del empleo según sectores y categorías ocupacionales a partir de reprocesamientos censales especiales. Toma un concepto amplio de ruralidad (áreas de población dispersa y localidades inferiores a los 10.000 habitantes), teniendo en cuenta el fuerte imbricamiento existente en los pequeños núcleos urbanos con su entorno rural circundante. El análisis realizado permite discutir la perspectiva de la urbanización de la población ocupada en actividades agropecuarias. Asimismo, muestra la fuerte heterogeneidad interprovincial en materia de inserción ocupacional, aspecto que se vincula con el diferente peso que históricamente han adquirido la pequeña producción y/o los cultivos demandantes de grandes contingentes de mano de obra estacional en las áreas consideradas

Educación y narrativas en las periferias urbanas : Persistencias y variaciones en las culturas migrantes

El presente trabajo es un estudio sobre narraciones de niños y adolescentes de barrios de la periferia de la ciudad de La Plata, hijos y nietos de migrantes internos, que fueron producidas en el marco de talleres de lectura y escritura en espacios de educación formal y no formal. El trabajo propone indagar cómo estas narraciones retoman temas de relatos tradicionales (en particular el uso de seres sobrenaturales) y los reformulan en esos nuevos contextos de producción. Las narraciones objeto de nuestro estudio actualizan figuras típicas de los relatos orales argentinos, tales como son los seres sobrenaturales. En ese sentido se indagará qué operaciones estéticas intervienen en las narraciones, es decir, cómo se articulan figuras propias de algunas tradiciones orales argentinas en nuevos contextos narrativos. Es probable que en estas narraciones los niños y adolescentes estén dialogando con la cultura de sus mayores e inscribiendo su propia subjetividad en nuevas condiciones de producción social y cultural; en palabras de Jerome Bruner la narración permite organizar nuestra identidad y nuestra visión del estado real de las cosas (2003:23). Sin embargo, aún no nos interesa (ni podríamos desarrollar) este tipo de formulaciones: primero, se busca conocer qué uso particular se hace de los seres sobrenaturales en esas narraciones recortadas como relatos. Esa articulación es dada o habilitada por las condiciones de producción discursivas que se juegan en los espacios de enseñanza de la lengua y la literatura que han dado marco a las narraciones en cuestión. Finalmente, se analizan las complejas negociaciones que se establecen entre la larga historia del relato oral (muchos relatos, por ejemplo, provienen de culturas precolombinas) y la acto de escritura en el presente. Así, por ejemplo, se escribe que el Pomberito, quien en los relatos correntinos se presenta como un ser que exige tabaco para cuidar del hombre, ahora pide marihuana. En tal sentido, la tradición es, en parte, una traición: los relatos tradicionales se mantienen y perduran pero con transformaciones necesarias que permiten que los sujetos puedan apropiarse de ellos en nuevos otorgamientos de sentidos

Quality of pharmaceutical advertising and gender bias in medical journals (1998-2008): a review of the scientific literature

Objective: To review the scientific literature on pharmaceutical advertising aimed at health professionals in order to determine whether gender bias has decreased and the quality of information in pharmaceutical advertising has improved over time. Methods: We performed a content analysis of original articles dealing with medical drug promotion (1998-2008), according to quality criteria such as (a) the number, validity and accessibility of bibliographic references provided in pharmaceutical advertising and (b) the extent to which gender representations were consistent with the prevalence of the diseases. Databases: PUBMED, Medline, Scopus, Sociological Abstract, Eric and LILACS. Results: We reviewed 31 articles that analyzed advertising in medical journals from 1975-2005 and were published between 1998 and 2008. We found that the number of references used to support pharmaceutical advertising claims increased from 1975 but that 50% of these references were not valid. There was a tendency to depict men in paid productive roles, while women appeared inside the home or in non-occupational social contexts. Advertisements for psychotropic and cardiovascular drugs overrepresented women and men respectively. Conclusions: The use of bibliographic references increased between 1998 and 2008. However, representation of traditional male-female roles was similar in 1975 and 2005. Pharmaceutical advertisements may contribute to reinforcing the perception that certain diseases are associated with the most frequently portrayed sex.

Love You to Death: Tale of Two Japanese Seals

The recent two cases related to seals in Japan illustrate the nature of the “values” created for animals in today’s societies: one that appeared in a river in Tokyo and gained a national pop star fame, the other supposedly extinct Japanese seal re-gaining an endangered status. This paper argues that the contrast of these cases exemplifies the images and values of nature are created, and the “wilderness” becomes over-romanticised and idealised as societies become further removed from the biosphere. This questions the meaning of the intrinsic value of nature—can it be totally free from our social needs and vested interest; is a truly bio-centric perspective possible? The paper suggests the irrelevance of the eco-centric- anthropocentric dichotomy to today’s social contexts where complex socio-cultural, economic, political issues are interwoven.

Comunicação Interna e Gestão de Pessoas: Interfaces e perspectivas de integração e diálogo nas organizações

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo destacar a importância da integração entre as áreas de comunicação e de gestão de pessoas para o planejamento e desenvolvimento da comunicação interna nas organizações, bem como levantar algumas oportunidades de parceria entre as áreas. Busca-se também compreender o papel da área de gestão de pessoas nos processos comunicacionais e discutir a importância do diálogo e da participação na melhoria da comunicação com os públicos internos. Os novos contextos sociais e a inserção das organizações neste ambiente serviram como cenário para essa investigação e realçaram a importância do Pensamento Complexo como embasamento teórico. Utilizou-se como metodologia norteadora o levantamento bibliográfico do assunto e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com especialistas das áreas de Comunicação Organizacional e da Administração com ênfase em Gestão de Pessoas. Compreende-se que adotando o pensamento complexo e a visão transdisciplinar como alicerce dessa interação a comunicação interna integrada será capaz de promover o diálogo e a participação e, com isso, ir além da visão técnico-instrumental para vencer as barreiras da departamentalização e atuar estrategicamente com a gestão de pessoas.

Third Ways and new centres - ideological unity or difference?

This chapter illustrates extratextual and intratextual aspects of ideology as related to translation with a case study, a policy document by Tony Blair and Gerhard Schröder, jointly published in English and German in June 1999. Textual features of the two language versions are compared and linked to the social contexts. Concepts and methods of critical discourse analysis and of descriptive and functionalist approaches to translation are applied for this purpose. In particular, reactions to the German text in Germany are explained with reference to the socio-political and ideological conditions of the text production, which was a case of parallel text production combined with translation. It is illustrated that decisions at the linguistic micro-level have had effects for a political party, reflected for example in the German Social Democratic Party debating its identity due to the textual treatment of ideological keywords. The subtle differences revealed in a comparative analysis of the two texts indicate the text producers' awareness of ideological phenomena in the respective cultures. Both texts thus serve as windows onto ideologies and political power relations in the contemporary world.

Speaking and pronunciation

We take as our starting point the notion of spoken language in use, drawing on insights from discourse analysis which makes it clear that language is used to negotiate and achieve meaning in social contexts and so cannot be divorced from those contexts. This perspective tasks us beyond a purely psycholinguistic model of speech where underlying mental processes are highlighted (e.g. Levelt, 1989). The perspective also takes us beyond the focus on the sentence, which has traditionally been the unit of analysis in much grammatical analysis and language teaching.

A cybernetic methodology to study and design human activities

This thesis offers a methodology to study and design effective communication mechanisms in human activities. The methodology is focused in the management of complexity. It is argued that complexity is not something objective that can be worked out analytically, but something subjective that depends on the viewpoint. Also it is argued that while certain social contexts may inhibit, others may enhance the viewpoint's capabilities to deal with complexity. Certain organisation structures are more likely than others to allow individuals to release their potentials. Thus, the relevance of studying and designing effective organisations. The first part of the thesis offers a `cybernetic methodology' for problem solving in human activities, the second offers a `method' to study and design organisations. The cybernetics methodology discussed in this work is rooted in second order cybernetics, or the cybernetics of the observing systems (Von Foester 1979, Maturana and Varela 1980). Its main tenet is that the known properties of the real world reside in the individual and not in the world itself. This view, which puts emphasis in a, by nature, one sided and unilateral appreciation of reality, triggers the need for dialogue and conversations to construct it. The `method' to study and design organisations, it based on Beer's Viable System Model (Beer 1979, 1981, 1985). This model permits us to assess how successful is an organisation in coping with its environmental complexity, and, moreover, permits us to establish how to make more effective the responses to this complexity. These features of the model are of great significance in a world where complexity is perceived to be growing at an unthinkable pace. But, `seeing' these features of the model assumes an effective appreciation of organisational complexity; hence the need for the methodological discussions offered by the first part of the thesis.

Design and designing:a critical introduction

Design and Designing provides a broad and critical understanding of what is essentially a practical subject. Designing today is less a craft and more a part of the knowledge economy. It's all about knowing how to acquire knowledge and how to apply it creatively. Design and Designing covers the design process, modelling and drawing, working with clients, production and consumption, sustainability, professional practice and design futures. Chapters are written by expert teachers and practitioners from around the globe, each presenting an accessible and engaging overview of their field of design. Every chapter is highly illustrated with a combination of images and information boxes, which extend or highlight key material. Each section concludes with a design project, a hands-on activity for the reader. Design and Designing covers the full spectrum of design types, from graphic communication to product design, from fashion to games design, setting every type in its aesthetic, ethical and social contexts. With this essential book, readers will learn from today's best practice and best thinking in design, they will develop a critical sense, and become the designers of tomorrow.

From the medicalisation of dementia to the politics of memory and identity in three Spanish documentary films:Bicicleta, cullera, poma, Las voces de la memoria and Bucarest: la memòria perduda

This paper explores how the concept of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is constructed through Spanish media and documentary films and how it is represented. The article analyses three documentary films and the cultural and social contexts in and from which they emerged: Solé´s Bucarest: la memòria perduda [Bucharest: Memory Lost] (2007), Bosch´s Bicicleta, cullera, poma [Bicycle, Spoon, Apple] (2010) , and Frabra’s Las voces de la memoria [Memory´s Voices] (2011). The three documentary films approach AD from different perspectives, creating well-structured discourses of what AD represents for contemporary Spanish society, from medicalisation of AD to issues of personhood and citizenship. These three films are studied from an interdisciplinary perspective, in an effort to strengthen the links between ageing and dementia studies and cultural studies. Examining documentary film representations of AD from these perspectives enables semiotic analyses beyond the aesthetic perspectives of film studies, and the exploration of the articulation of knowledge and power in discourses about AD in contemporary Spain

From Spanish paintings to murder:topic transitions in casual conversations between native and non-native speakers of English

This article explores some of the strategies used by international students of English to manage topic shifts in casual conversations with English-speaking peers. It therefore covers aspects of discourse which have been comparatively under-researched, and where research has also tended to focus on the problems rather than the communicative achievements of non-native speakers. A detailed analysis of the conversations under discussion, which were recorded by the participants themselves, showed that they all flowed smoothly, and this was in large measure due to the ways in which topic shifts were managed. The paper will focus on a very distinct type of topic shift, namely that of topic transitions, which enable a smooth flow from one topic to another, but which do not explicitly signal that a shift is taking place. It will examine how the non-native speakers achieved coherence in the topic transitions which they initiated, which strategies or procedures they employed, and show how their initiations were effective in enabling the proposed topic to be understood, taken up and developed. It therefore adds to our understanding of the interactional achievements of international speakers in informal, social contexts. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Revaloracion de la comedia de Pedro Munoz Seca: Un teatro menospreciado

The comedies of Pedro Muñoz Seca (1879-1936) received extraordinary public acclaim for over thirty years, yet critics rejected them. Although several experts have recently begun to study his plays in an objective manner, this author has generally either been underrated or omitted from theater histories. This study identifies the merit, contributions and relevance of Muñoz Seca's works so that the unwarranted void that now exists in Spanish theater annals is justly filled. Historical and biographical backgrounds and a brief sketch of the development of comedy in Spain serve to introduce the literary, political and social contexts in which the author develops the subgenre known as "astracán" and introduces the "fresco" character type. ^ This analysis illustrates Muñoz Seca's verbal comic techniques---the use of regional dialects and individuals' speech peculiarities, double entendres, incongruence, periphrasis, and ingenious plays on words. It also explores the author's profound theatrical sense manifested in inter-textual references and self-reflexivity within the content of his plays. In addition, it identifies the scenic creativity he displays through the use of cinematography, the removal of color from stage decor (or the elimination of scenery altogether), and the original application of music to create comic effect. Furthermore, this study comments the satirical tone projected in Muñoz Seca's characters' idiolect and barbarisms as socio-political conditions worsen. Finally, it brings forth the author's use of parody to criticize his society and to deride other theatrical genres in vogue during his time. ^ While the polarization between Muñoz Seca's popular success and the critics' rejection can be explained by esthetic and ideological prejudices, this dissertation ascertains that the true nature of the author's plays has not been properly identified. The "astracán" is a double parody; however, since it caricaturizes a comic subgenre that is already burlesque, its defining parodic features have been consistently misinterpreted as mere exaggerations and defects. What is more, as its critical content is not recognized, its renewing function goes unnoticed. Muñoz Seca's "astracán" illustrates an era of the Spanish comic stage and paves the way for the theater of the absurd. Its merit and relevance must be recognized. ^

The Experience of “Bottoming”: Considerations for Identity and Learning

Bottoms—Gay men who prefer to be penetrated, sexually—are more stigmatized than other gay men, and may develop and experience identities differently than other gay, bisexual, or heterosexual men. This paper explores intrinsic dispositions and extrinsic motivations that may lead bottoms to perform and embody psychosocial and sexual identities in intimate, interpersonal, and social contexts.

Emotional Intelligence and Leadership in Organization: A Meta-analytic Test of Process Mechanisms

The present study – employing psychometric meta-analysis of 92 independent studies with sample sizes ranging from 26 to 322 leaders – examined the relationship between EI and leadership effectiveness. Overall, the results supported a linkage between leader EI and effectiveness that was moderate in nature (ρ = .25). In addition, the positive manifold of the effect sizes presented in this study, ranging from .10 to .44, indicate that emotional intelligence has meaningful relations with myriad leadership outcomes including effectiveness, transformational leadership, LMX, follower job satisfaction, and others. Furthermore, this paper examined potential process mechanisms that may account for the EI-leadership effectiveness relationship and showed that both transformational leadership and LMX partially mediate this relationship. However, while the predictive validities of EI were moderate in nature, path analysis and hierarchical regression suggests that EI contributes less than or equal to 1% of explained variance in leadership effectiveness once personality and intelligence are accounted for.

Integração de alunos imigrantes e refugiados no Instituto Federal de Brasília - IFB

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção a grau de mestre na área de Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária