Comparing long-term placements for young children in care: The care pathways and outcomes study - Northern Ireland

When deciding on a long-term placement for a young child in care, a key challenge is to identify one that will enable children to achieve their full potential and enhance their health and wellbeing in the longer term. However, there is a dearth of research evidence that compares how children fare in the longer term across placement options.

The Care Pathways and Outcomes study is one of a small number of studies internationally that takes this form of longitudinal comparative approach. Since 2000, it has been tracking the placement profile for a population of children who were under the age of five and in care in Northern Ireland on a particular census day, and gathering comparative data on how the children and their parents/carers have been coping across the different types of placements provided.

This book reports on the most recent phase of the study, which involved interviews with a sub-group of the children (aged 9 to 14) and their parents/carers in adoption, foster care, kinship care, on residence order, and living with birth parents. Similarities and differences were explored between placement types, in terms of children’s attachment, self-concept, education, health and behaviour, their carers’ stress, social support, family communication, and contact with birth families.

This contemporary study contributes to evidence-based practice and provides a research base for decision-making throughout the UK.

Socio-emotional effects of the transition from sight to blindness,

The research examined the socio-emotional impact of sight loss on a sample of 18 blind and partially sighted adults from the East coast of Scotland (average age 64). The impact of sight loss in four core areas mood, self concept, social connectedness and loss was explored. Data was collected using the mental health and social functioning sub-scales of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 and semi-structured interviews. Data indicated that participants experienced reduced mental health and decreased social functioning as a result of sight loss. Data also showed that participants shared common socio-emotional issues during transition from sight to blindness, starting with diagnosis, coping with deterioration of sight, experiencing loss, experiencing changed perceptions of self in relation to society, experiencing others in a changed way and experiencing rehabilitation. A theoretical model describing the socio-emotional transition from sight to blindness is proposed. Implications for practice are explored.

Support for the Multidimensional Adolescent Stress Questionnaire in a Sample of Adolescents in the United Kingdom

Adolescence is a time of physical, social and emotional development, and this development can be accompanied by feelings of stress. The Adolescent Stress Questionnaire is a 56-item scale measuring stress in 10 domains. Developed in Australia, the scale has been translated, and its reliability and validity have been tested in a number of countries across Europe, where the 10-factor, 56-item version of the scale has received little support. The present study tested the factor structure, construct validity and reliability in a sample (n=610) of adolescents in the United Kingdom. Support was found for the 10-factor, 56-item version of the scale, and correlations with self-concept measures, sex scores on stress factors and Cronbach's α-values, suggesting that the scale may be a viable assessment tool for adolescent stress. Results for alcohol-specific analyses support the domain-specific nature of the scale. Future work may seek to investigate the stability of age-specific stress domains (e.g. the stress of Emerging Adult Responsibility) in samples that include younger adolescents. 

Portuguese Adaptation of Students Engagement in Schools International Scale (SESIS)

The importance of student’s engagement has been recently pointed out in research. However, there has been a lack of engagement assessment instrument, pertaining psychometric qualities. Objective: This paper presents the Portuguese adaptation of the “Student’s Engagement in School International Scale” (SESIS), drawn up from a12 countries international study (Lam et al., 2012; Lam et al., in press). Method: Psychometric properties of this scale were examined with data from 685 students from different grades (6th, 7th, 9th and 10th), from both sexes, and different regions of the country. Results: Factorial analysis of the results, with varimax rotation, lead to three different factors which explain 50.88% of the variance. The scale integrates the original 33 items, and cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions. For the external validity study, the relationship between student’s engagement in school results and other school variables — academic performance, self-concept — was considered, and significant relations were observed, as expected. Conclusion: The data presented highlights the qualities of SESIS, as well as its usefulness for research purposes. Suggestion: It is suggested the investigation of the extension of SESIS’s three-dimensionality, in future studiesKeywords: Innovation, technology, research projects, etc. [Arial 10-point, justified alignment].

STUDENT’ S ENGAGEMENT IN SCHOOL: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Students’ Engagement in School has been the focus of debate concerning academic success and school dropout, and pointed out as a mean to address the problems affecting our schools and their students, not only for having value in itself, but also for being an important mediator between several academic variables. This paper reviews the research and literature on this concept and its relations with personal and contextual variables, as well as with academic performance, with the aim of summarizing the main relationships found. Literature presents a significant number of studies which sustain that personal variables, such as self-efficacy and self-concept, as well as contextual - peers, school, family- are related with school engagement. The adoption of mastery goals, for instance, has a positive impact on school, as they are related with the use of cognitive and self-regulatory strategies by students. Positive relationships with peers, teachers support and the quality of family relations are associated with higher levels of engagement and academic performance, while negative experiences, such as bullying, are related with educational difficulties. Following this, we reflect about the relevance of studying engagement in school, in the context of widespread financial crisis, and emphasize the need to rethink educational institutions considering the paradigmatic changes that currently occur.

Tecnologias de informação e comunicação e o cidadão sénior : estudo sobre o impacto em variáveis psicossociais e a conceptualização de serviços com e para o cidadão sénior

Perante uma sociedade em célere envelhecimento demográfico e permanente avanço tecnológico, justifica-se a aposta em estudos que potenciem a ação comunicativa e a diminuição do isolamento social decorrente das perdas biopsicossociais associadas à idade sénior. Esta tese possui quatro objetivos de estudo: i) pretende-se investigar qual é o impacto da utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) no autoconceito (AC), no ânimo e na qualidade de vida (QV) de um grupo de seniores; ii) perceber se existe e qual a relação entre as variáveis independentes sexo, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, profissão, IPSS, regime de frequência, tempo na IPSS, orientação para frequentar a IPSS, visita de familiares e visita de amigos e as variáveis dependentes AC, ânimo, QV e respetivos fatores e domínios, nos momentos de pré e pós-teste; iii) perceber se a sua participação no processo de conceptualização de um serviço de comunicação assíncrona, email, influencia a sua usabilidade ao nível das componentes eficácia, eficiência e satisfação; iv) e sugerir a componente política da comunidade online sénior em desenvolvimento no âmbito do Projeto SEDUCE. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo estabeleceram-se parcerias com quatro Instituições Particulares de Segurança Social do concelho de Aveiro, integradas no âmbito do projeto SEDUCE. Os instrumentos utilizados para a avaliação do autoconceito, do ânimo e da qualidade de vida foram o Inventário Clínico de Auto-Conceito, a Escala de Ânimo do Centro Geriátrico de Philadelphia e a Escala de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde WHOQOL-Bref, respetivamente. No processo de conceptualização do serviço de email e da componente política da comunidade online utilizou-se a observação participativa e o contextual design. O estudo envolveu a participação de 42 seniores distribuídos por duas condições experimentais: 22 seniores do grupo experimental utilizaram as TIC duas vezes por semana (em sessões de 90 minutos cada, num total de 80 sessões) e 19 seniores do grupo de controlo passivo não experimentaram qualquer intervenção. Para a avaliação das variáveis psicossociais realizaram-se dois momentos de avaliação, antes e depois de 11 meses de intervenção, de Agosto de 2011 a Julho de 2012. Ao longo das sessões de envolvimento com as TIC observou-se que os seniores apresentam, continuamente, dificuldades em: manipular o rato e percecionar a sua ação no monitor; fazer a distinção entre teclas (enter, spacebar, delete, caps lock entre outras); em utilizar duplas teclas para colocar pontuação e acentuação; iniciar atividades no Microsoft Office Word; selecionar a informação disponibilizada em motores de pesquisa; perceber quais as zonas clicáveis; falta de confiança em efetivar ações; receio em iniciar nova atividades, pela falta de conhecimento e pelo medo de errar; memorizar endereços de email e passwords; e dar continuidade às tarefas. Na utilização do serviço de email consideram importante receber resposta quando enviam uma mensagem, assim como responder sempre aos remetentes; raramente colocam assunto nas mensagens; e expressam grande satisfação ao receber mensagens de familiares e/ou amigos. O processo de desenvolvimento de serviços com a participação ativa dos seniores revela-se exequível mas é necessário adaptar as práticas: os processos devem ser iterativos; evitar linguagem formal; clarificar o objetivo; deixar os seniores pensar em voz alta; dar-lhes tempo; mantê-los focados e não conduzi-los nas tarefas. Os resultados sugerem que houve aumento significativo do domínio físico da qualidade de vida do grupo experimental. Os participantes que exprimiram maiores níveis de satisfação ao utilizar as TIC apresentam uma perspetiva mais positiva sobre a maturidade psicológica e menos solidão e insatisfação. No grupo experimental e no grupo de controlo passivo verificam-se relações entre as variáveis independentes e as variáveis dependentes, quer no momento de pré-teste como de pós-teste. Conclui-se que a participação dos seniores no processo de conceptualização do serviço de email permitiu fomentar a componente eficácia da usabilidade mas não a satisfação ao utilizar o mesmo. Os resultados sobre a eficiência são inconclusivos. Sobre a componente política os seniores validam a existência de termos de utilização que orientem o comportamento de todos os utilizadores, assim como de uma política de privacidade. A área de registo proposta é adequada ao utilizador sénior.

A terapia de grupo na doença oncológica

Existem milhões de sobreviventes de cancro da mama no mundo, em exponencial crescimento. Esta população pode apresentar preocupações relevantes acerca do futuro, depressão, ansiedade, sintomas pós-traumáticos, e comprometimento da qualidade de vida. As intervenções de grupo breves, estruturadas, especialmente as que incluem estratégias cognitivo-comportamentais, têm sido indicadas para esta população. O presente trabalho surge neste contexto, em que os estudos são escassos, especialmente em Portugal. Um conjunto de 5 estudos foi conduzido com o intuito de avaliar a eficácia de dois programas de intervenção de grupo breves e estruturadas de inspiração cognitivo-comportamental, um de tipo psicopedagógico e outro de terapia cognitivo-comportamental, em sobreviventes de cancro da mama. Nos primeiros dois estudos procedeu-se ao estudo das caraterísticas psicométricas de dois instrumentos de avaliação, o Questionário de Formas de Lidar com o Cancro (CCQ) e o Questionário de Saúde do Paciente (PHQ-9).Os dois estudos seguintes referem-se ao desenvolvimento dos programas de intervenção de grupo, acompanhados dos resultados preliminares. No último estudo avaliou-se a eficácia dos dois programas de intervenção na promoção do ajustamento psicossocial de 62 sobreviventes de cancro da mama, num estudo quasi-experimental, com pré e pós-testes e duas avaliações de seguimento (3 e 6 meses após a intervenção). Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação: o CCQ; o PHQ-9; a Escala de Controlo Emocional (CEC); a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (EADH); o questionário de qualidade de vida da Organização Europeia de Investigação e Tratamento de Cancro com o módulo suplementar de cancro da mama (EORTC QLQ-C30 e BR-23); o Inventário Clínico de Autoconceito (ICAC); o Teste de Orientação de Vida - Revisto (TOV-R); o Perfil dos Estados de Humor (POMS); a Subescala de Crescimento Pessoal da Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (EBEP); a sub-escala de espiritualidade e o Inventário de estado-traço de ansiedade (STAI). Resultados: As sobreviventes que não tiveram intervenção apresentaram deterioração de dois domínios da qualidade de vida, a função cognitiva e a dor, para além de piores resultados na subescala de vigor. A deterioração dos domínios da qualidade de vida manteve-se aos 3 meses e extendeu-se aos sintomas da mama, o que não se verificou com o vigor. O grupo com intervenção psicoeducativa apresentou melhoria do autoconceito até aos 6 meses. Neste grupo também se observou um aumento do controlo emocional até aos 3 meses. O grupo de terapia cognitivo-comportamental apresentou aumento do estado de ansiedade e diminuição do funcionamento de papel no final da intervenção, diminuição do funcionamento emocional aos 3 meses e aumento na hostilidade e na confusão aos 6 meses. Ambos os grupos com intervenção apresentaram diminuição do traço de ansiedade aos 6 meses. Foram encontradas diversas correlações significativas destes efeitos com variáveis demográficas, clínicas e psicossociais. Conclusão: As intervenções de grupo breves, de inspiração cognitivo-comportamental, mostraram contribuir para a redução do traço de ansiedade a longo prazo e para a manutenção da função cognitiva, da dor, do vigor, e dos sintomas da mama nas sobreviventes. O programa psicopedagógico parece ser mais indicado para as sobreviventes, pelos efeitos no autoconceito, com maior extensão a longo prazo. São referidas implicações para a prática clínica e para a promoção da saúde mental desta população.

O género e o auto-conceito: contributos para o estudo do papel do género na formação do auto-conceito

Dissertação de mest., Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2010

Student’s Engagement in School: Conceptualization and relations with Personal Variables and Academic Performance

This article reviews the literature regarding Student’s Engagement in School (SES), its relationship with personal variables, as well as with academic performance. Although SES’ conceptualization may vary across studies, there is general agreement concerning the multidimensional nature of this construct, encompassing three dimensions – cognitive, affective and behavioural. It is seen as an antecedent of several required outcomes, at academic level, but also as a valorous construct itself, both as mediator and product. More particularly, this concept has been the focus of debate concerning academic success and school dropout. There can also be found a significant number of studies which suggest that personal (self-efficacy, self-concept), as well as contextual (peers, school, family) factors are related with school engagement; additionally, the lack of engagement is linked with low academic performance, behavioural problems and school dropout. Thus, Student’s Engagement in School is perceived as a potentially effective response to the problems affecting schools and their students, and an aspect to be considered in preventing problematic patterns related to scholary contexts.

Espiritualidade no local de trabalho : da liderança ao empenhamento na Cybermap, Lda

Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão de Empresas/MBA

O trabalho de projeto como facilitador do desenvolvimento da motivação dos alunos

Relatório Final apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico

Gaining a better understanding of how Outward Bound Western Canada course outcomes are achieved : a research study /

This study examined how Outward Bound Western Canada (OBWC) course outcomes are achieved by exploring the relationships among course components, students' characteristics, and course outcomes. OBWC is a wilderness-based adventure education organization that helps students achieve outcomes such as increased self-awareness, self-confidence, motivation, interpersonal skills, concern for others, and concern for the environment. This study explored the ways in which the various components of courses and the characteristics of students contribute to determining the outcomes students experience as a result of their courses. The purpose of the study was to gain a better understanding of how OBWC course outcomes are achieved in order to strengthen adventure education theory, enhance practice at OBWC and other adventure education organizations, and provide a foundation for further research on this topic. As an interpretive case study, this study sought to describe how OBWC course outcomes are achieved and to provide interpretations of the research findings. Data was gathered from OBWC students and instructors using the quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques of questionnaire, interview, and observation. Data collected from 98 participants ensured a considerable breadth to the study, while interviews with a number of participants also enabled the collection of in-depth data. Analysis and triangulation of the data from the various sources allowed discernment of the research findings. A comprehensive and detailed picture of how course outcomes are achieved emerged from the findings. Twenty-nine course components were found to influence course outcomes, including various aspects of course activities, the physical environment, instructors, and the group. The findings indicated that certain course components were most influential in determining increases to students' self-awareness, self-confidence, self-reliance, self-esteem, self-concept, motivation, self-responsibility, interpersonal skills, concern for others, and concern for the environment. A number of course components were found to indirectly contribute to positive course outcomes by helping maximize the effectiveness of other components, by increasing students' motivation while on course, or by facilitating the processing and transference of new information. The findings also suggested that several course components either directly or indirectly affected course outcomes in negative ways. In addition, the gender, age, population, and expectations of students were found to play a role in determining the course outcomes they experienced and in determining which course components caused those outcomes. Interpretation of the findings resulted in the generation of research-based theory. The main theoretical argument derived from the results of the study was that course outcomes are influenced by a combination of course components and characteristics of students. More specifically, the theory generated by the study indicated that five groupings of factors contribute to course outcomes, including course activities, the physical environment, instructors, the group, and students' characteristics. The study was considered in relation to existing adventure education literature and larger theoretical issues. The generated theory and research findings were then used to develop suggestions for improving practice at OBWC and other adventure education organizations, as well as for enhancing future research studies.

Disabled legislators : disability and Irish colonial pathology in James Joyce's Ulysses

Why are there so many disabled characters in James Joyce's Ulysses? "Disabled Legislators" seeks to answer this question by exploring the variety and depth of disability's presence in Joyce's novel. This consideration also recognizes the unique place disability finds within what Lennard Davis calls "the roster of the disenfranchised" in order to define Joyce as possessing a "disability consciousness;" that is, an empathetic understanding (given his own eye troubles) of the damaged lives of the disabled, the stigmatization of the disabled condition, and the appropriation of disabled representations by literary works reinforcing normalcy. The analysis of four characters (Gerty MacDowell, the blind stripling, the onelegged sailor, and Stephen Dedalus) treats disability as a singular self-concept, while still making necessary associations to comparably created marginal identities-predominantly the colonial Other. This effort reevaluates how Ulysses operates in opposition to liberal Victorian paradigms, highlighting disability's connections to issues of gender, intolerance, self-identification and definition.

Invisible disability, visible people: a closer look at the experiences of teachers with learning disabilities /

Throughout their schooling experiences, students with learning disabilities (LD) face numerous academic and socioemotional challenges. Some of these individuals rise above these obstacles to obtain a postsecondary education and become professionals. Recently, there have been a number of individuals with learning disabilities who have chosen a career in teaching. There is a lack of research that documents the experiences of teachers with learning disabilities. The purpose of this qualitative study is to gain an understanding of the challenges that the teachers with learning disabilities strive to overcome and the supports that they receive ^^^ch facilitate their inception into teaching. Four teachers with learning disabilities were the participants in this collective case study research. Data were collected through semistructured interviews. These data were coded, collapsed into themes, and the results were presented in a narrative form. The resultant 9 themes are: (a) Perspectives on School Experiences, (b) Identification and Effective Accommodations, (c) Isolation, Frustration, and Support, (d) Awareness of Learning Disability at Age 18, (e) Disclosure of Learning Disability, (f) Negative Impact of the Learning Disability Label, (g) Desire, Drive, and Obstacles, (h) Empathy, Compassion, and Self-Concept, and (i) Critical Views of Colleagues. The themes reflect the common experiences among participants. The discussion brings forth new information that is not found in other research. The impHcations of this research will interest teacher federations, parents of students with LD, teachers, and educational researchers.

Effects of a preschool parent enrichment programme on children and their parents /

This study evaluated a preschool parent enrichment programme to assess if child and parent involvement in the programme facilitated the children's subsequent school adjustment. Also examined were the programme's effects on parent-child relationships. Participants were 56 Junior-Senior Kindergarten and Grade One students from one elementary school. Parent participants were 12 parents from the preschool parent enrichment programme, 6 parents whose children had attended other preschool programmes, and 6 parents whose children had remained at home prior to school. Five elementary teachers and both nursery school teachers from the parent enrichment programme also participated. Measures used included the Florida Key to assess children's inferred self-concept as learner and four subscales (relating, asserting, coping and investing), and interviews to assess parent and teacher perceptions. Findings indicated that there was little difference between parent and teacher perceptions about children who had attended a preschool programme. Both groups showed improved social, emotional, and behavioural skill development, together with increased self-esteem, and the ability to cope with separation from their parents. This enabled children to make the transition from preschool to primary school more successful. Children from the parent enrichment programme were not readily identifiable in terms of the profile promulgated for disadvantaged children. The Florida Key showed a main effect for the coping subscale, indicating that children from the parent enrichment programme may show more confidence in their abilities, and seek assistance from teachers than children who had no preschool experience. The parent enrichment programme appeared to have the biggest impact on the parents. Parents reported improved relationships with their children, increased confidence and self-esteem, as well as improved parenting and general life skills. The implications for short-term gains for children from this type of programme are better readiness for school, more positive self-esteem, improved social behaviour, and a higher achievement motivation. The long-term gains for children are predicted to be fewer special education placements, less grade retention, and a lower dropout rate from school. The short-term gains for parents are better social support networks," greater self-confidence, better interactions with children, and improved parenting skills. The long-term benefits may be an increased motivation to continue education, gain employment, and less family breakdown and abuse.