生物膜活性测定中TTC-脱氢酶活性测定法的改进

对生物膜活性测定中氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)-脱氢酶活性测定法进行了改进,解决了标准曲线制作稳定性差的问题,对测定中的诸多影响因素进行比较分析,确定了改进后的脱氢酶活性测定的最佳条件.结果表明,以甲苯作为萃取剂的液-液分层明显,提取效果好,操作简便.以硫化钠代替连二亚硫酸钠作还原剂,效果较好,显色稳定不褪色.反应的适宜pH值为8.6,适宜温度为38℃.同时确定了生物膜的最佳培养反应时间为6h.

Differentiate performance of eight filter media in vertical flow constructed wetland: Removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus

A comparative study was conducted to reveal the differentiate effects of eight different filter media including gravel, zeolites, anthracite, shale, vermiculite, ceramic filter media, blast furnace steel slag and round ceramsite. The study mainly related to the eight different filter media's removal performances of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in the vertical flow constructed wetland simulated system, which treating wastewater at hydraulic loading rate of 1000-2500 mm/d. The results indicated that the removal effects were closely related to the physical and chemical properties of medium materials. Anthracite-filled system had the highest removal rate for the total organic carbon (TOC), up to 70%, and the removal rates of other systems ranged from 20% to 30%. As for the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), anthracite-filled and steel slag-filled systems had the highest removal rates, also up to 70%, as well as other systems all exceeded 50%. At the same time, for the total nitrogen (TN) and NH4(+)-N, the zeolites-filled and ceramic-filled systems had the best performances with the removal rates of more than 70%, the other way round, the removal rates of other systems were only about 20%. The distinguishable effects were also observed in removal performances of total phosphorus (TP) and total dissoluble phosphorus (TDP). The removal rates of TP and TDP in steel slag-filled systems were more than 90%, a much higher value, followed by that of the anthracite-filled system, more than 60%, but those of other systems being the less. Our study provided a potential mechanism to optimize the filter media design for the vertical flow constructed wetlands.

Experimental demonstration of optical data links using a hybrid CAP/QAM modulation scheme.

The first known experimental demonstrations of a 10 Gb/s hybrid CAP-2/QAM-2 and a 20 Gb/s hybrid CAP-4/QAM-4 transmitter/receiver-based optical data link are performed. Successful transmission over 4.3 km of standard single-mode fiber (SMF) is achieved, with a link power penalty ∼0.4 dBo for CAP-2/QAM-2 and ∼1.5 dBo for CAP-4/QAM-4 at BER=10(-9).

Tuning of detection wavelength in a resonant-cavity-enhanced quantum-dot-embedded photodiode by changing detection angle

We have fabricated a resonant-cavity-enhanced photodiode (RCE-PD) with InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) as an active medium. This sort of QD-embedded RCE-PD is capable of a peak external quantum efficiency of 32% and responsivity of 0.27A/W at 1.058 mu m with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 5 nm. Angle-resolved photocurrent response eventually proves that with the detection angle changing from 0 degrees to 60 degrees, the peak-current wavelength shifts towards the short wavelength side by 37 nm, while the quantum efficiency remains larger than 15%.

Preparation and characterization of the stable nc-Si/a-Si : H films

High-quality nc-Si/a-Si:H diphasic films with improved stability were prepared by using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technology. In comparison with typical amorphous silicon, the diphasic silicon films possess higher photoconductivity (two orders larger than that of the amorphous silicon film) and fairly good photosensitivity(the ratio of the photo-to dark-conductivity is about 10) and higher stability (the degradation of the photoconductivity is less than 10% after 24h long light soaking with 50 mW/cm(2) intensity at room temperature). In addition, the diphasic silicon film has a better light spectra response in the longer wavelength range. The improvement in photoelectronic properties may be attributed to: the existence of the disorder within the amorphous matrix, which breaks the momentum selection rule in the optical transition and, consequently, results in the large light absorption coefficient and high photosensitivity; the improved medium range order and low gap states density. Excess carriers generated in the amorphous matrix tend to recombine in the embedded crystallites, which suppresses nonradiative recombination within the amorphous matrix and reduces the subsequent defect creation.

A 12-bit 300 MHz CMOS DAC for high-speed system applications

This paper describes a 12-bit 300 MHz CMOS DAC for high-speed system applications. The proposed DAC consists of a unit current-cell matrix for 8 MSBs and a binary-weighted array for 4 LSBs. In order to ensure the linearity of DAC, a double Centro symmetric current matrix is designed by using the Q(2) random walk strategy. To minimize the feedthrough and improve the dynamic performance, the drain of the switching transistors is isolated from the output lines by adding two cascoded transistors.

组合测试:原理与方法

组合测试能够在保证错误检出率的前提下采用较少的测试用例测试系统.但是,组合测试用例集的构造问题的复杂度是NP完全的.组合测试方法的有效性和复杂性吸引了组合数学领域和软件工程领域的学者们对其进行深入的研究.总结了近年来在组合测试方面的研究进展,主要内容包括:组合测试准则的研究、组合测试生成问题与其他NP完全问题的联系、组合测试用例的数学构造方法、采用计算机搜索的组合测试生成方法以及基于组合测试的错误定位技术.

两个冠醚分子在简正坐标分析及NRCC程序在微机上的移植

本文用加拿大国立研究院(National Research Council of Canada) Fuhrer等人编制的FORTRAN语言程序（以下简称NRCC程序），对两个冠醚类化合物进行了简正坐标分析，这两个化合物分子是二氧六环(C_4H_8O_2)和12－冠－4(C_8H_(16)O_4)。作者用Synder和Zerbi提出的一般价力场，计算了二氧六环的36个简正振动频率，精化四次后的结果误差为14.04 cm~(-1)，得到了二氧六环的精化力场和势能分析矩阵；做了12－冠－4－的中红外光谱(3200-5000cm~(-1))。远红外光谱(500-70cm~(-1))和拉曼光谱(3200-50 cm~(-1)，从而归属出12－冠－4的78个简正振动频率实验值；利用二氧六环的精化力场作为初始力场，计算了12－冠－4的简正振动频率，对78个简正振动频率进行了精化计算，精化三次后的结果误差为13.99 cm~(-1)，精化后得到12－冠－4的精化力场和势能分布矩阵；将NRCC程序以BASIC语言移至TRS-80微型机上，对二氧六环进行了计算，结果良好，首次给出二氧六环一般价力场的势能分布。一、对二氧六环的处理 二氧六环分子式C_4H_8O_2，合14个原子，有3N－6＝36个简正振动频率。分子结构系由二个乙氧基(-CH_2-CH_2-O-)单元组成的含有四个碳，两个氧的六元环，平衡态分子为椅式构象，属于C_(2h)点群，36个简正振动频率分为四个对称类Ag、Au、Bg和Bu，分布是：Ag 10个，Bg 8个，Au 9个，Bu9个。二氧六环的分子结构及坐标示意图见28而图5，定义了14个伸缩内坐标，26个弯曲内坐标，6个扭曲内坐标，共46个，C－C键长1.54A，C-O键长1.41 A，C－H键长1.096A，键角都用109°28'。用CART程序（NRCC程序之一）计算二氧六环14个原子的笛卡尔坐标，用GMAT程序（NRCC程序之二）计算其B矩阵和G矩阵，用FPERT程序（NRCC程序之三）计算其简正振动频率、精化力场，计算用一般价力场，引入V矩阵对称化，将46个坐标化为46个（内）对称坐标，10个多余坐标在FPERT程序计算中除去。二、对12－冠－4的处理 12－冠－4分子式C_8H_(16)O_4，含28个原子，共3N－6＝78个简正振动频率，分子结构为四个乙氧基(-CH_2-CH_2-O-)单元组成的含八个碳、四个氧的12元环，自由分子的12－冠－4属于C点群。结构数据引自Groth的X光衍射分数和坐标，自己编制了BASIC语言程度将分数坐标化为笛卡尔坐标，用GMAT程序计算B矩阵和G矩阵，FPERT程序计算78个简正振动频率、精化力场、计算势能分布矩阵，引入U矩阵将92个内坐标化为92个对称坐标，14个多余坐标在FPERT程序中自动除去。三、结果 势能分布矩阵给出分子的振动归属，对这两个冠醚类分子的3N－6个简正振动频率，可以划分为五个振动区域。1．C－H伸缩振动区（3000－2800 cm~(-1)） 在该区中，二氧六环有八个值：2974、2966、2854和2867 cm~(-1)各两个，12－冠－4有16个值：2935、2923、2915和2907 cm~(-1)各两个，2860 cm~(-1)8个，高于2900 cm~(-1)者为反对称伸缩振动，低于2900 cm~(-1)者为对称伸缩振动。2．亚甲基弯曲振动之一(1500-1400 cm~(-1)) 该区的主要振动是亚甲基剪式振动(Scissor)，其它振动小于10％二氧六环在该区有四个频率：1443、1461、1451和1457 cm~(-1)，12－冠－4有八个频率：1466、1450、1450和1405 cm~(-1)各两个。3．亚甲基弯曲振动区二(1400-1200 cm~(-1))该区的主要振动模式为亚甲基的颤动(wag)、卷曲(twist)和摆动(rock)振动，其它振动小于13％。二氧六环在该区有八个频率：1334、1303、1396、1216、1367、1264、1377和1296 cm~(-1)，12－冠－4有十六个频率：1388、1363、……1229 cm~(-1)（其中1288、1307cm~(-1)非简并，其余皆两重简并）。4．环的骨架伸缩振动区(1200-600 cm~(-1))该区振动模式复杂，除环的骨架伸缩振动外，还有亚甲基的wag、twist、rock以及环的骨架弯曲振动，而且这些振动的势能分布值都不小。二氧六环在该区有十一个频率，从1127至610 cm~(-1)，12－冠－4有二十个频率，从1135至184 cm~(-1)且大都是二重简并的。5．低频区(600-50cm~(-1))这两个分子在低频区的势能分布略有差别。二氧六环在该区有五个频率：503、486、427、276和224 cm~(-1)，主要振动模式为骨架弯曲振动和扭曲振动，C－O、C－C的扭曲振动在三个最低频率中分布占10－30％。12－冠－4在该区有18个频率，除570和547cm~(-1)处，都是二重简并的，六个最低频率的振动模式完全属于C－O、C－C键的扭曲振动，其它振动小于10％，所以200 cm~(-1)以下可称为12－冠－4的扭曲振动区，在600－200cm~(-1)之间的12个频率主要是骨架的弯曲振动，也有一定量的亚甲基wag、twist、rock振动。12－冠－4的简正坐标分析尚未有人做过。二氧六环的计算结果与Snyder和Zerbi的分析相吻合，12－冠－4和二氧六环两分子势能分布的相对一致性证明了对12－冠－4的简正坐标分析基本是正确的。本文比较了二分子的力常数和振动频率，探讨了环的大小对振动光谱的影响。四、NRCC程序简介 NRCC程序由CART、GMAT和FPERT三个程序组成，即可联一起运用，亦可分开独立进行运算。该程序功能强，所占内存大，适于大、中型计算机使用。CART程序之名字取自Cartisian Co-or-dinates的前四个字母，功能系由分子结构参数（键长、键角）计算分子内各原子的笛卡尔坐标。GMAT程序之名字取自G matrix的前四个字母，功能系由分子内各原子的笛卡尔坐标，原子质量和内坐标定义计算分子内各原子的坐标交换矩阵B和Wilson振动动能矩阵G。FPERT程序之名字取自F Perturbation的前五个字母，功能系由分子振动功能矩阵G、势能常数即力常数矩阵F计算分子的简正振动频率和势能分布矩阵，再通过实验频率精化势能矩阵F。NRCC程序可对含30个原子、60个内坐标的分子进行简正坐标分析，扩充后容量增大一倍。该程序可选用一般价力场(General Valence Force Field, 简称GVFF)和UBS力场(Urey-Bradley-Shimanouchi Force Field)，简称UBSFF或UBFF)。可选用对称化U矩阵，可自行决定力场精化次数和阻尼常数以限制精化结果的收敛性。五、NRCC程序在TRS－80微型机上移植试尝（该部分曾在第三届长春夏季化学讨论会上宣读）针对NRCC程序占内存空间大、难以在微型机上实现的情况，作者将NRCC程序改编为BASIC语言，改变程序的原来结构，形成一组BASIC语言程序：CART／BAS、GMAT／BAS和VIFR／BAS，改编后的BASIC程序在TRS－80微型机调试通过，TRS－80机字长8位，New Dos系统内存32K。改写后的程序只保持了原程序的基本原理，在内存，语句上改动很大，以适于微型机使用。数据在程序中直接嵌入，利于修改替换，且BASIC语言简单易学，便于操作。CART／BAS程序可计算含30个原子以内的分子的笛卡尔坐标，GMAT／BAS程序可计算含20个原子、45个内坐标的分子的G矩阵，VIFR／BAS程序可计算含15个原子的分子的简正振动频率。利用这组程序，作者以二氧六环分子为例做了一些试尝运算，误差14.4 cm~(-1)，相对误差1.8%，结果较理想。

Effect of Carrier Gas Flux on ZnO Nanorod Arrays Grown by MOCVD

ZnO nanorod arrays with different morphologies were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition （MOCVD）. The diameters of nanorods range from 150 nm to 20 nm through changing the carrier gas flux during the growth process. Measurements such as scanning electron microscope （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Raman scattering and photoluminescence （pL） spectrum were employed to analyze the differences of these nanorods. It was found that when both carrier gas flux of Zn and O reactant are 1 SLM, we can obtain the best vertically aligned and uniform nanorods. Furthermore, the PL spectrum reveals a blueshift of UV emission peak, which may be assigned to the increase of surface effect.

基于仿生模式识别的DOA估计方法

该文就仿生模式识别(拓扑模式识别)在非感性抽象对象的信息处理方面的应用作了一些探索,提出了一种基于仿生模式识别的DOA估计方法.这种方法的建模过程是用在实际环境下采集的训练样本构造人工神经网络模型,对环境的适应能力较强,且这种方法的计算量较小,可以实现系统实时处理.实验结果表明:在信噪比为20 dB和0 dB时,该方法的正确估计率可达100%;在信噪比降为-20 dB时,该方法仍有83%的可识别率.

稳定、优质nc-Si/a-Si:H薄膜的研制和特性分析

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术研制出了优质稳定的氢化非晶-纳米晶两相结构硅薄膜.薄膜的光电导率相对于器件质量的非晶硅有两个数量级的提高;光敏性也较好,光、暗电导比可以达到104,此外薄膜的光电导谱具有更宽的长波光谱响应.更为重要的是薄膜的光致退化效应远小于典型的非晶硅薄膜,在光强为50mW/cm2的卤钨灯光照24h后,光电导的衰退小于10%.这种薄膜优良的光电性能源于薄膜中的非晶母体的存在使其在光学跃迁中的动量选择定则发生松弛,因而具有大的光学吸收系数和较高的光敏性;相对于典型非晶硅而言,薄膜的中程有序度得到了较大的改善,并具有小的深隙态密度;薄膜中存在的纳米尺寸的微晶颗粒,提供了光生载流子的复合通道,在非晶母体中的电子空穴对可以转移到微晶颗粒中进行复合,这样抑制了非晶母体中的非辐射复合,从而降低了光致亚稳缺陷产生的概率.