Sobre la Diosa Siria o un posible regreso a casa de Luciano de Samosata

La obra titulada Sobre la diosa siria forma parte, en la tradición manuscrita, del corpus de Luciano de Samosata. Se ha discutido, sin embargo, su autoría: mientras algunos encuentran elementos claros no propios de Luciano, otros no ven en ellos pruebas concluyentes, dado el carácter siempre escurridizo del samosatense. Partiendo del supuesto de que se trata de una obra de Luciano -o, en cualquier caso, de un sirio helenizado de época imperial-, el análisis de lo descrito, de la propia narración, de la lengua utilizada y de la enunciación del narrador, aportan, sin duda, información valiosa a propósito del choque y de la fusión de culturas en el imperio romano.

Molecular tools to improve chestnut management: El Bierzo as a case study

The European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a multipurpose species that has been widely cultivated around the Mediterranean basin since ancient times. New varieties were brought to the Iberian Peninsula during the Roman Empire, which coexist since then with native populations that survived the last glaciation. The relevance of chestnut cultivation has being steadily growing since the Middle Ages, until the rural decline of the past century put a stop to this trend. Forest fires and diseases were also major factors. Chestnut cultivation is gaining momentum again due to its economic (wood, fruits) and ecologic relevance, and represents currently an important asset in many rural areas of Europe. In this Thesis we apply different molecular tools to help improve current management strategies. For this study we have chosen El Bierzo (Castile and Leon, NW Spain), which has a centenary tradition of chestnut cultivation and management, and also presents several unique features from a genetic perspective (next paragraph). Moreover, its nuts are widely appreciated in Spain and abroad for their organoleptic properties. We have focused our experimental work on two major problems faced by breeders and the industry: the lack of a fine-grained genetic characterization and the need for new strategies to control blight disease. To characterize with sufficient detail the genetic diversity and structure of El Bierzo orchards, we analyzed DNA from 169 trees grafted for nut production covering the entire region. We also analyzed 62 nuts from all traditional varieties. El Bierzo constitutes an outstanding scenario to study chestnut genetics and the influence of human management because: (i) it is located at one extreme of the distribution area; (ii) it is a major glacial refuge for the native species; (iii) it has a long tradition of human management (since Roman times, at least); and (iv) its geographical setting ensures an unusual degree of genetic isolation. Thirteen microsatellite markers provided enough informativeness and discrimination power to genotype at the individual level. Together with an unexpected level of genetic variability, we found evidence of genetic structure, with three major gene pools giving rise to the current population. High levels of genetic differentiation between groups supported this organization. Interestingly, genetic structure does not match with spatial boundaries, suggesting that the exchange of material and cultivation practices have strongly influenced natural gene flow. The microsatellite markers selected for this study were also used to classify a set of 62 samples belonging to all traditional varieties. We identified several cases of synonymies and homonymies, evidencing the need to substitute traditional classification systems with new tools for genetic profiling. Management and conservation strategies should also benefit from these tools. The avenue of high-throughput sequencing technologies, combined with the development of bioinformatics tools, have paved the way to study transcriptomes without the need for a reference genome. We took advantage of RNA sequencing and de novo assembly tools to determine the transcriptional landscape of chestnut in response to blight disease. In addition, we have selected a set of candidate genes with high potential for developing resistant varieties via genetic engineering. Our results evidenced a deep transcriptional reprogramming upon fungal infection. The plant hormones ET and JA appear to orchestrate the defensive response. Interestingly, our results also suggest a role for auxins in modulating such response. Many transcription factors were identified in this work that interact with promoters of genes involved in disease resistance. Among these genes, we have conducted a functional characterization of a two major thaumatin-like proteins (TLP) that belongs to the PR5 family. Two genes encoding chestnut cotyledon TLPs have been previously characterized, termed CsTL1 and CsTL2. We substantiate here their protective role against blight disease for the first time, including in silico, in vitro and in vivo evidence. The synergy between TLPs and other antifungal proteins, particularly endo-p-1,3-glucanases, bolsters their interest for future control strategies based on biotechnological approaches.

Moneda y espacios de poder en el reino visigodo. Los tremises de El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete)

Los trabajos arqueológicos realizados en El Tolmo de Minateda (Hellín, Albacete) han permitido sacar a la luz los vestigios de una civitas visigoda creada a finales del siglo VI o inicios del VII. El material numismático recuperado en los niveles de uso y abandono de esta civitas está formado fundamentalmente por numerario de cobre de adscripción romana bajoimperial, y por tremises de oro de baja ley emitidos por el Estado visigodo. La contextualización estratigráfica y espacial de estas monedas ha permitido plantear diversas cuestiones referidas a la presencia y uso del numerario en época visigoda.

La villa de la C/ Olimpo y la organización territorial de la periferia urbana de Lucentum (Alicante)

Esta investigación establece la secuencia estratigráfica, cronológica y funcional de un núcleo de poblamiento suburbano del municipio romano de Lucentum, con el fin de dibujar las líneas maestras de la evolución productiva de su ager periurbano. El yacimiento presenta cuatro fases principales que abarcan un dilatado arco temporal: estructuras de época tardorrepublicana (fase I, ss. II-I aC), una reestructuración viaria y urbanística de época augustea (fase II), el desarrollo de una villa con estructuras de transformación mercantil datada a partir de época tardojulia o flavia (fase III) y, por último, una fase bajoimperial (fase IV, ss. IV-v dC), en la que la villa sufre fuertes reestructuraciones.

Importante scoperta per conservare freschissime delle migliaja d'uova per l'inverno ed anche per più anni con un soldo di spesa e nessuna fatica : dettugliamante esposta a vantaggio d'ogni privata famiglia, degli osti, offellaj, confetturieri, bottegai, contadini, ed in generale di chiunque consumi uova one faccia provvigione per la vendita od altri usi /

Treatise on preservation of eggs; refers to various methods of preserving eggs dating back to the Roman Empire and Renaissance; describes in detail methods in use in England and France during late 1700-early 1800; includes citations from numerous experts (i.e. Reaumur, Parmentier, European agricultural journals, etc.). Footnote on p. 55 from R.D. Peschier of Geneva, doctor of chemistry and medicine, cites an example of eggs preserved for six years in lime-water.

Deutsche Reichstagsakten : jüngere Reihe /

Vol. 8 lacks edition statement.

The history of Greece from its commencement to the close of the independence of the Greek nation;

The translators of v. 1-3 are not known; v. 4 was translated by Frederick Clarke, who revised the translation of v. 1-3.

The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages:

Contains bibliographies.

La propagande chrétienne et les persécutions. Notes historiques.

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire d'Allemagne.

The "Histoire" was to comprise the history of the Holy Roman empire until 1806 (cf. Pref. to v. 5) but was never finished.

The historians' history of the world.

Contains bibliographies.

Sr. k.k. Majestät Franz des Zweyten politische gesetze und verordnungen für die oesterreichischen, böhmischen und galizischen erbländer.

"Auf allerhöchsten befehl, und unter aufsicht des Directorii herausgegeben".

The dawn of modern geography : A history of exploration and geographical science... v.3. /

"On the leading manuscripts of the principal texts in vols. II and III": v.2, p.[542]-552.

The monks of the West from St. Benedict to St. Bernard.

Original French edition published Paris, 1860-77, v. 5-6 being edited by Aure lien de Courson.

Die hundert Beschwerden der gesammten deutschen Nation, dem römischen Stuhle übergeben im Jahre 1523, ihrer Wichtigkeit wegen in Erinnerung gebracht und mit Anemrkungen begleitet von Gr.M. Weber.

Mode of access: Internet.