Les aventures d'en Nano i na Nana. 'Las aventuras de Nano y Nana'.

Resumen tomado del recurso

Las partículas en alemán.

Se tratan los principales problemas que plantean las partículas alemanas en el aprendizaje de esa lengua, las diferentes definiciones que existen de ellas, y las distintas formas de enseñarlas.

Detección de la radiactividad : contadores de partículas.

Exposición de los distintos tipos de manifestaciones de la radiactividad según con el material con el que interacciones y análisis de los distintos dispositivos existentes para la detección y medición de dichas radiaciones.

La traducción de las partículas italianas ci y vi.

La traducción del italiano al español suele considerarse como una traducción fácil por la semejanza y proximidad entre ambos sistemas lingüísticos. Sin embargo, para una buena traducción, es necesario conocer a fondo la mentalidad y ambiente cultural de ambos países, sobre todo para la traducción de expresiones relacionadas con el ambiente y la mentalidad de la población. En particular, se estudia el caso de las partículas ci y vi en el italiano normativo actual, desprovisto de particularidades dialectales, como sustitutos pronominales, como partículas adverbiales, como uso pleonástico y como partículas modificadoras de la semántica del verbo.

Las partículas fundamentales.

Expone las características de las partículas fundamentales y las describe en el contexto del mundo nuclear. Éstas partículas se transforman entre si y su estudio está orientado a la comprensión de los fenómenos materiales y en la búsqueda de la verdad.

Más allá de las partículas y de las ondas : una propuesta de inspiración epistemológica para la educación científica. En pos del significado : una perspectiva radical para la educación científica.

Aplicar la metodología científica (en particular los procedimientos epistemológicos de la Física) a todos los campos del saber humano, con especial incidencia en el ámbito de la enseñanza de la ciencia. El objeto del trabajo es orientar la enseñanza, su aprendizaje y las técnicas de investigación hacia un modelo de conocimiento inspirado en los procedimientos epistemológicos de la Física. Se pretende construir un método interdisciplinar de conocimiento de la realidad. En este proceso, se atraviesan 4 fases: A. Reivindicación de los procedimientos epistemológicos de la Física. B. Conjunción de varias disciplinas para la construcción de un modelo de conocimiento aplicable a todas las áreas del saber humano. C. Aplicación de este modelo al ámbito de la educación científica, utilizando el método de verificación científica. D. Formulación de una Teoría del conocimiento de alcance universal e interdisciplinar orientada a la recuperación de la unidad del saber científico. Método hipotético-deductivo, es decir, el desarrollo, contrastación, verificación o falsación de hipótesis o postulados que se proponen como inicialmente verdaderos. El autor sostiene que el método de conocimiento interdisciplinar que propone contribuye a un correcto desarrollo de todas las facetas de la educación científica. Este hecho demostraría la unidad del conocimiento científico, pues, resultaría evidente que una metodología interdisciplinar es la mejor herramienta para cualquier proceso intelectual.

The role of protecting groups in the formation of organogels through a nano-fibrillar network formed by self-assembling terminally protected tripeptides

A series of eight synthetic self-assembling terminally blocked tripeptides have been studied for gelation. Some of them form gels in various aromatic solvents including benzene, toluene, xylene, and chlorobenzene. It has been found that the protecting groups play an important role in the formation of organogels. It has been observed that, if the C-terminal has been changed from methyl ester to ethyl ester the gelation property does not change significantly (keeping the N-terminal protecting group same), while the change of the protecting group from ethyl ester to isopropyl ester completely abolishes the gelation property. Similarly, keeping the identical C-terminal protecting group (methyl ester) the results of the gelation study indicate that the substitution of N-terminal protection Boc-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl) to Cbz-(benzyloxycarbonyl) does change the gelation property insignificantly, while the change from Boc- to pivaloyl (Piv-) or acetyl (Ac-) group completely eliminates the gelation property. Morphological studies of the dried gels of two of the peptides indicate the presence of an entangled nano-fibrillar network that might be responsible for gelation. FTIR studies of the gels demonstrate that an intermolecular hydrogen bonding network is formed during gelation. Results of X-ray powder diffraction studies for these gelator peptides in different states (dried gels, gel, and bulk solids) reflected that the structure in the wet gel is distinctly different from the dried gel and solid state structures. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of a non-gelator peptide, which is structurally similar to the gelator molecules reveal that the peptide forms an antiparallel beta-sheet structure in crystals. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New magnetic nano-absorbent for the determination of n-octanol/water partition coefficients

A novel and generic miniaturization methodology for the determination of partition coefficient values of organic compounds in noctanol/water by using magnetic nanoparticles is, for the first time, described. We have successfully designed, synthesised and characterised new colloidal stable porous silica-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles of controlled dimensions. These nanoparticles absorbing a tiny amount of n-octanol in their porous silica over-layer are homogeneously dispersed into a bulk aqueous phase (pH 7.40) containing an organic compound prior to magnetic separation. The small size of the particles and the efficient mixing allow a rapid establishment of the partition equilibrium of the organic compound between the solid supported n-octanol nano-droplets and the bulk aqueous phase. UV-vis spectrophotometry is then applied as a quantitative method to determine the concentration of the organic compound in the aqueous phase both before and after partitioning (after magnetic separation). log D values of organic compounds of pharmaceutical interest (0.65-3.50), determined by this novel methodology, were found to be in excellent agreement with the values measured by the shake-flask method in two independent laboratories, which are also consistent with the literature data. It was also found that this new technique gives a number of advantages such as providing an accurate measurement of log D value, a much shorter experimental time and a smaller sample size required. With this approach, the formation of a problematic emulsion, commonly encountered in shake-flask experiments, is eliminated. It is envisaged that this method could be applicable to the high throughput log D screening of drug candidates. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Colloidal stable silica encapsulated nano-magnetic composite as a novel bio-catalyst carrier

A colloidal stable silica-encapsulated magnetic nano-composite of a controlled dimension is, for the first time, employed to carry beta-lactamase via chemical linkage on the silica overlayer: activity study reflects that this new type of immobilisation allows site (enzyme) isolation, accessibility as good as free enzyme and recovery & reusability upon application of magnetic separation.

Multiple morphologies of gold nano-plates by high-temperature polyol syntheses

High-temperature polyol methods were used to fabricate micro- or nano-sized gold plates. 1,2propanediol served as both medium and reducing agent. Triangular plates and polygonal plate shapes derived from triangular prisms as well as pentagonal structured gold particles have been synthesized. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) plays an important role, but is not necessary, for the formation of these structures. These gold plates may have applications in the characterisation of adsorbed proteins or peptides. (C) 2008 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

Ultra-thin porous silica coated silver-platinum alloy nano-particle as a new catalyst precursor

Templated sol-gel encapsulation of surfactant-stabilised micelles containing metal precursor(s) with ultra-thin porous silica coating allows solvent extraction of organic based stabiliser from the composites in colloidal state hence a new method of preparing supported alloy catalysts using the inorganic silica-stabilised nano-sized, homogenously mixed, silver - platinum (Ag-Pt) colloidal particles is reported.

Assessing the impact of nano- and micro-scale zerovalent iron particles on soil microbial activities: Particle reactivity interferes with assay conditions and interpretation of genuine microbial effects

The effects of nano-scale and micro-scale zerovalent iron (nZVI and mZVI) particles on general (dehydrogenase and hydrolase) and specific (ammonia oxidation potential, AOP) activities mediated by the microbial community in an uncontaminated soil were examined. nZVI (diameter 12.5 nm; 10 mg gÿ1 soil)apparently inhibited AOP and nZVI and mZVI apparently stimulated dehydrogenase activity but had minimal influence on hydrolase activity. Sterile experiments revealed that the apparent inhibition of AOP could not be interpreted as such due to the confounding action of the particles, whereas, the nZVIenhanced dehydrogenase activity could represent the genuine response of a stimulated microbial population or an artifact of ZVI reactivity. Overall, there was no evidence for negative effects of nZVI or mZVI on the processes studied. When examining the impact of redox active particles such as ZVI on microbial oxidation–reduction reactions, potential confounding effects of the test particles on assay conditions should be considered.