Revisiting genetic structuring in spotted gums (genus Corymbia section Maculatae) focusing on C. maculata, an early diverged, insular lineage

Species delineation in the spotted gum complex was revisited focusing on Corymbia maculata. This study expands the range of C. maculata analysed with microsatellite markers to include populations from the north of the species range. It supported earlier findings that it is a cohesive genetic entity, well resolved from northern spotted gum taxa, Corymbia citriodora and Corymbia henryi; and inferences that its insularity is due to early lineage divergence and historical isolation. The northern extent of C. maculata sampled, as defined by chloroplast and nuclear genomes predominantly of C. maculata character, was the location of Kiwarrak, south of the Manning River near Taree in New South Wales. Trees from a recognised intergrade zone at the Yarratt locality, around 26 km north of Kiwarrak, also possessed a uniquely C. maculata chloroplast haplotype, but their nuclear genomes were predominantly of northern taxa ancestry. Range expansion of northern taxa leading to southerly gene movement into populations formerly C. maculata, would account for this apparent instance of chloroplast capture. Two subpopulations were identified in C. maculata, a northern population of which the Ourimbah locality was the most southerly studied, and a southern population of which Wingello was the most northerly locality studied. Diminished levels of northern taxa ancestry, i.e. C. citriodora or C. henryi, in individuals from the southern, relative to the northern subpopulation of C. maculata, suggested that secondary contact with northern taxa contributes to its substructure.

Band to correlated crossover in alternating Hubbard and Pariser-Parr-Pople chains: Nature of the lowest singlet excitation of conjugated polymers

The evolution with increasing Coulomb correlations of a semiconductor to a magnetic insulator is related to an excited-state crossover in pi-electron models for conjugated polymers. We associate strong fluorescence with a lowest singlet excitation S1 that is dipole allowed, on the band side, while S1 becomes two-photon allowed on the correlated side. S1/S2 crossovers in Hubbard, Pariser-Parr-Pople, or other chains with electron-hole symmetry and alternating transfer integral t(1 +/- delta) are based on exact results at delta=0 and 1, on molecular exciton theory at large delta, and on oligomer calculations up to twelve sites.

Modified conformation and physical properties in conducting polymers due to varying conjugation and solvent interactions

Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies of poly2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) with varying conjugation, and polyethylene dioxythiophene complexed with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS) in different solvents have shown the importance of the role of pi-electron conjugation and solvent-chain interactions in controlling the chain conformation and assembly. In MEH-PPV, by increasing the extent of conjugation from 30 to 100%, the persistence length (l(p)) increases from 20 to 66 angstrom. Moreover, a pronounced second peak in the pair distribution function has been observed in the fully conjugated chain, at larger length scales. This feature indicates that the chain segments tend to self-assemble as the conjugation along the chain increases. In the case of PEDOT-PSS, the chains undergo solvent induced expansion and enhanced chain organization. The clusters formed by chains are better correlated in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution than water, as observed in the scattered intensity profiles. The values of radius of gyration and the exponent (water: 2.6, DMSO: 2.31) of power-law decay, obtained from the unified scattering function (Beaucage) analysis, give evidence for chain expansion from compact (in water) to an extended coil in DMSO solutions, which is consistent with the Kratky plot analysis. The mechanism of this transition and the increase in dc conductivity of PEDOT-PSS in DMSO solution are discussed. The onset frequency for the increase in ac conduction, as well as its temperature dependence, probes the extent of the connectivity in the PEDOT-PSS system. The enhanced charge transport in PEDOT-PSS in DMSO is attributed to the extended chain conformation, as observed in the SAXS results.

Two-mode quantum systems: Invariant classification of squeezing transformations and squeezed states

A general analysis of squeezing transformations for two-mode systems is given based on the four-dimensional real symplectic group Sp(4, R). Within the framework of the unitary (metaplectic) representation of this group, a distinction between compact photon-number-conserving and noncompact photon-number-nonconserving squeezing transformations is made. We exploit the U(2) invariant squeezing criterion to divide the set of all squeezing transformations into a two-parameter family of distinct equivalence classes with representative elements chosen for each class. Familiar two-mode squeezing transformations in the literature are recognized in our framework and seen to form a set of measure zero. Examples of squeezed coherent and thermal states are worked out. The need to extend the heterodyne detection scheme to encompass all of U(2) is emphasized, and known experimental situations where all U(2) elements can be reproduced are briefly described.

Self-assembled molecular films of tetraamino metal (Co, Cu, Fe) phthalocyanines on gold and silver. Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization

The formation of molecular films of 2,9,16,23-tetraamino metal phthalocyanines [TAM(II)Pc; M (II) = Co, Cu, and TAM(III)Pc; M = Fe] by spontaneous adsorption on gold and silver surfaces is described. The properties of these films have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, impedance, and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The charge associated with Co(II) and Co(I) redox couple in voltammetric data leads to a coverage of (0.35+/-0.05) x 10(-10) mol cm(-2), suggesting that the tetraamino cobalt phthalocyanine is adsorbed as a monolayer with an almost complete coverage. The blocking behavior of the films toward oxygen and Fe(CN)(6)(3-/4-) redox couple have been followed by cyclic voltammetry and impedance measurements. This leads to an estimate of the coverage of about 85 % in the case of copper and the iron analogs. FT-Raman studies show characteristic bands around 236 cm(-1) revealing the interaction between the metal substrate and the nitrogen of the -NH2 group on the phthalocyanine molecules.

Horizontal pullout resistance of a group of two vertical anchors in sand

The horizontal pullout capacity of a group of two vertical strip anchors placed along the same vertical plane in sand has been determined by using the upper bound finite elements limit analysis. The variation of the efficiency factor (xi (gamma) ) with changes in clear spacing (S) between the anchors has been established to evaluate the total group failure load for different values of (i) embedment ratio (H/B), (ii) soil internal friction angle (phi), and (iii) anchor-soil interface friction angle (delta). The total group failure load, for a given H/B, becomes always maximum corresponding to a certain optimal spacing (S-opt). The value of S-opt/B was found to lie in a range of 0.5-1.4. The maximum magnitude of xi (gamma) increases generally with increases in H/B, phi and delta.

Capability approach-based evaluation of a biomass cook-stove design

What is the scope and responsibilities of design? This work partially answers this by employing a normative approach to design of a biomass cook stove. This study debates on the sufficiency of existing design methodologies in the light of a capability approach. A case study of a biomass cook stove Astra Ole has elaborated the theoretical constructs of capability approach, which, in turn, has structured insights from field to evaluate the product. Capability approach based methodology is also prescriptively used to design the mould for rapid dissemination of the Astra Ole.

均匀各向同性湍流的频率波数能量谱

对均匀各向同性湍流的频率波数能量谱进行了初步研究，得出均匀各向同性湍流中能量随时间、空间尺度分布的解析表达式，并运用直接数值模拟的方法对理论预测进行验证．数值结果很好地支持了理论预测：横扫速度是决定频率波数能量谱的特征量．

无人机编队飞行技术的研究现状与展望

无人机编队飞行是无人机及其应用技术发展研究的新热点。在分析无人机编队飞行特点的基础上,阐述了无人机编队飞行原理与方法的研究现状,并展望了其今后的主要应用前景。

Evaluación de criterios de aplicación para el manejo de Plutella xylostella (L) en repollo (Brassica oleracea L.)

Con el objetivo de evaluar diferentes criterios de aplicación para el manejo de Plutella xylostella (L.) en el cultivo de repollo se realizó un experimento de campo en la época de primera en el Centro experimental de campos Azules (Masatepe, Departamento de Masaya), se mantuvieron diferentes niveles de esta plaga por medio de aplicaciones semanales del insecticida Chlorfluazurón (Júpiter) a una dosis de 182 cc/ha. La incidencia de la plaga no fue uniforme durante el ciclo del cultivo, oscilando por encima de los niveles establecidos a partir de los 28 DDT. La mayor incidencia fue de 1.2 larvas/planta en la etapa de formación de cabeza y de 3 3 larvas/planta para la etapa de llenado de cabeza afectando el área foliar, precio por cabeza, y los ingresos económicos. A los resultados agronómicos se les aplicó un análisis económico, resultando del aná11s1s de retorno marginal, tasas de retornos marginales

Estudios preliminares para determinar las causas que provocan la mancha verde en los tabacos negros (Nicotiana tabacum L.) en la región I

Durante el periodo comprendido entre 1986 y 1990 se realizaron seis trabajos de investigación en el tabaco negro (Nicotiana. ta.ba.cum L.) variedad S-98, con el objetivo de estudiar las causas que provocan la mancha verde. El estudio se inició en el ciclo 1986-1987 con tres trabajos simultáneos ubicados en Esteli y Jalapa, uno a nivel de macetera para determinar el efecto en términos seneralea del suelo, agua y medio ambiente. Otro a nivel de campo realizado en tres fincas de Esteli y tres de Jalapa donde se analizaron loe elementos minerales, lo que incluyó análisis de macro micronutrientea del suelo y hojas, análisis de calidad del agua y agroquimicos. El tercero consistió en un análisis de residuos de plaguicidas en el suelo y agua que descartara la posibilidad de un efecto fitotóxico en las plantas de tabáco. Como resultado de estos trabajos se descartó el suelo y el agua como un factor que incidiera en la mancha verde; pero si se observó una relación entre la cantidad de polvo aplicado, su frecuencia y el porciento de afectación, por lo que se decidió evaluar en el siguiente ciclo (1987-1988) la influencia de tres tratamientos en polvo (zineb, propineb y bentonita) con diferente número de aplicaciones (2, 4, 8 y 12). Los resultados indicaron que las parcelas tratadas con bentonita presentaron los mayores porcentajes de hojas con síntomas de mancha verde y que esto se relacionaba con la cantidad de producto aplicado. No obstante, producto de la disposición, tamaño de las parcelas y dificultades de la aplicación, se pudo apreciar que existió movimiento de producto de una parcela a otra. Por este motivo se programó otro experimento bajo condiciones de aislamiento. El ensayo se estableció a nivel de macetera en el Centro Experimental de Estelí para determinar en condiciones de aplicación controlada el efecto de la bentonita y su número de aplicaciones en polvo (4, 12 y aplicación a hojas individuales) en la incidencia de la mancha verde. Todos los tratamientos presentaron mancha verde, incluyendo el testigo, lo que descarta la posibilidad de que la bentonita sea la causante de la mancha verde, pues ésta aparece o no en hojas tratadas y simultáneamente en hojas no tratadas en una misma planta. Algunas observaciones de técnicos involucrados en la producción de tabaco indican que el porcentaje de afectación aumenta a medida que el período de deshidratación se prolonga, por lo que se planificó en el ciclo 1989-1990 un trabajo de investigación para determinar el efecto del periodo de deshidratación en la incidencia de la mancha verde. Se estudió de 1 a 8 dias de deshidratación. En el corte 3 en dos fincas seleccionadas de Esteli y Jalapa. La severidad de la mancha verde se vió influenciada por el periodo de deshidratación, disminuyendo ésta si reducimos los dias de deshidratación.

Transferência rodovias

Consultoria Legislativa - Área IV - Finanças Públicas.

O substitutivo ao PL 203/91

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XVI - Saúde Pública, Sanitarismo - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial, Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.