Determinazione dei valori di fondo di Arsenico nella falda freatica delle provincia di Ferrara e Considerazioni sulla sua origine.

L’acquifero superficiale della Provincia di Ferrara è caratterizzato dalla presenza di una diffusa contaminazione da Arsenico. Per dare una risposta a questo fenomeno gli Enti della Provincia e del Comune hanno deciso di intraprendere uno studio volto alla determinazione dei valori di fondo del metalloide ed al miglioramento della comprensione del fenomeno. Il lavoro ha portato alla creazione di tre database con i dati presenti negli archivi provinciali inerenti: ubicazione e caratteristiche dei piezometri, dati idrochimici, concentrazione di Arsenico. L’acquifero superficiale è l’A0, olocenico, che si presenta eterogeneo per via della sua evoluzione geologica. Da uno studio stratigrafico ed idrogeologico si è visto come l’area sia costituita, andando da Ovest verso Est, da corpi alluvionali-deltizio-costieri olocenici in eteropia di facies. L’area centro-orientale è caratterizzata da un ciclo sedimentario trasgressivo-regressivo caratterizzato, nella parte superiore, dalla progradazione di un antico delta del Po. In tale ambiente si sono andati formando depositi ricchi in materia organica e in torba. Questi possono assumere una rilevante importanza nello spiegare il fenomeno, poiché possono svolgere sia il ruolo di sorgente dell’Arsenico che di redox driver attraverso la loro decomposizione. Elaborando i dati sono emersi elementi che sembrano confermare l’azione di un meccanismo di dissoluzione riduttiva che rilascia l’Arsenico, come mostrato dai cross plot tra Arsenico e Potenziale Redox, Ferro e Potenziale Redox, Arsenico e Ferro, Ferro e Manganese. L’area è stata suddivisa in tre zone, in cui la centrale corrisponde all’area ricca in materia organica. Sulla base delle tre aree individuate si è proceduto alla creazione di tre popolazioni di dati sottoposte ad analisi statistica. Quindi si è dimostrata l’assenza di contaminazione antropica, si sono esclusi i dati non significativi, si sono trattati i non detected e si sono individuati ed eliminati gli outlier. Infine si è proceduto alla determinazione della migliore distribuzione per ogni popolazione. Fatto ciò si è calcolato il 95° percentile, che è stato assunto come valore di fondo dell’area. Si è visto come tutti i tre valori di fondo superassero la CSC ed in particolare il valore di fondo dell’area centrale risultasse nettamente superiore agli altri due, superando la CSC di circa 10 volte. Questo ad ulteriore conferma della possibile azione della torba nel rilascio di Arsenico.

A Model to Predict Percolation Threshold and Effective Conductivity of Infiltrated Electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

We present a mechanistic modeling methodology to predict both the percolation threshold and effective conductivity of infiltrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) electrodes. The model has been developed to mirror each step of the experimental fabrication process. The primary model output is the infiltrated electrode effective conductivity which provides results over a range of infiltrate loadings that are independent of the chosen electronically conducting material. The percolation threshold is utilized as a valuable output data point directly related to the effective conductivity to compare a wide range of input value choices. The predictive capability of the model is demonstrated by favorable comparison to two separate published experimental studies, one using strontium molybdate and one using La0.8Sr0.2FeO3-δ as infiltrate materials. Effective conductivities and percolation thresholds are shown for varied infiltrate particle size, pore size, and porosity with the infiltrate particle size having the largest impact on the results.

A Model to Predict Percolation Threshold and Effective Conductivity of Infiltrated Electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

We present a mechanistic modeling methodology to predict both the percolation threshold and effective conductivity of infiltrated Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) electrodes. The model has been developed to mirror each step of the experimental fabrication process. The primary model output is the infiltrated electrode effective conductivity which provides results over a range of infiltrate loadings that are independent of the chosen electronically conducting material. The percolation threshold is utilized as a valuable output data point directly related to the effective conductivity to compare a wide range of input value choices. The predictive capability of the model is demonstrated by favorable comparison to two separate published experimental studies, one using strontium molybdate and one using La0.8Sr0.2FeO3-delta as infiltrate materials. Effective conductivities and percolation thresholds are shown for varied infiltrate particle size, pore size, and porosity with the infiltrate particle size having the largest impact on the results. (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

An Investigation of Two Ceramic Electron Conductors for Use in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes

Conducted work with two potential alternatives to Ni, La0.8Sr0.2Cr0.5Mn0.5 (LSCM) and Sr doped LaVO3 (LSV) to serve as the electron conductor in the anode of solid oxide fuel cells SOFCs.

Estudo da hidrogenação para pulverização de ligas à base de terras raras com Nb para eletrodos de hidreto metálico

Neste trabalho foram estudadas as series de ligas La0,7Mg0,3Al0,3Mn0,4Co(0,5-x)NbxNi3,8 (x =0 a 0,5) e La0,7Mg0,3Al0,3Mn0,4Nb(0,5-x)Ni(3,8-x) (x =0,3; 0,5 e 1,3), como eletrodo negativo de baterias de Níquel Hidreto Metálico. A pulverização das ligas foi realizada com duas pressões de H2 (2 bar e 9 bar). A capacidade de descarga das baterias de níquel hidreto metálico foi analisada pelo equipamento de testes elétricos Arbin BT-4. As ligas, no estado bruto de fusão, foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS) e difração de raios-X. Com o aumento da concentração de nióbio nas ligas nota-se a diminuição da estabilidade cíclica das baterias e da capacidade máxima de descarga. A capacidade de descarga máxima obtida foi para a liga La0,7Mg0,3Al0,3Mn0,4Co0,5Ni3,8 (45,36 mAh) e a bateria que apresentou a melhor performance foi a liga La0,7Mg0,3Al0,3Mn0,4Co0,4Nb0,1Ni3,8 (44,94 mAh).

Optimization of Li-ion solid electrolytes

The synthesis and optimization of two Li-ion solid electrolytes were studied in this work. Different combinations of precursors were used to prepare La0.5Li0.5TiO3 via mechanosynthesis. Despite the ability to form a perovskite phase by the mechanochemical reaction it was not possible to obtain a pure La0.5Li0.5TiO3 phase by this process. Of all the seven combinations of precursors and conditions tested, the one where La2O3, Li2CO3 and TiO2 were milled for 480min (LaOLiCO-480) showed the best results, with trace impurity phases still being observed. The main impurity phase was that of La2O3 after mechanosynthesis (22.84%) and Li2TiO3 after calcination (4.20%). Two different sol-gel methods were used to substitute boron on the Zr-site of Li1+xZr2-xBx(PO4)3 or the P-site of Li1+6xZr2(P1-xBxO4)3, with the doping being achieved on the Zr-site using a method adapted from Alamo et al (1989). The results show that the Zr-site is the preferential mechanism for B doping of LiZr2(PO4)3 and not the P-site. Rietveld refinement of the unit-cell parameters was performed and it was verified by consideration of Vegard’s law that it is possible to obtain phase purity up to x = 0.05. This corresponds with the phases present in the XRD data, that showed the additional presence of the low temperature (monoclinic) phase for the powder sintered at 1200ºC for 12h of compositions with x ≥ 0.075. The compositions inside the solid solution undergo the phase transition from triclinic (PDF#01-074-2562) to rhombohedral (PDF#01-070-6734) when heating from 25 to 100ºC, as reported in the literature for the base composition. Despite several efforts, it was not possible to obtain dense pellets and with physical integrity after sintering, requiring further work in order to obtain dense pellets for the electrochemical characterisation of Li Zr2(PO4)3 and Li1.05Zr1.95B0.05(PO4)3.

Celdas de pilas de oxidó solido, avance en el procesado de materiales

Póster presentado en el XIV Congreso Nacional de Materiales (CNMAT) en Gijón (España), del 8 al 10 de Junio de 2016

Optimization of the large scale synthesis of the LSF-20 cathode material for SOFCs

Póster presentado en: 21st World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2016. Zaragoza, Spain. 13-16th June, 2016

Scalable synthetic method for IT-SOFCs compounds

Póster presentado en: 12th EUROPEAN SOFC & SOE FORUM 2016. 5–8 July 2016, KKL Lucerne/Switzerland

Combustión catalítica de compuestos orgánicos volátiles clorados

The combustion of chlorinated volatil organic compounds (VOCs) over the perovskites LaFeO3 and La0.9MnO3 catalysts were investigated by employing a monolithic reactor. The two catalysts were individuated from a preliminary screening to test the stability and the influence of nonstoichiometry; a dip coating technique for supporting powder catalyst; was developed and the prepared catalysts were tested in a monolithic reactor. It was studied the catalytic activity of different loadings of perovskite supported on the monolith and was compared the highest loadings with a commercial catalyst, the perovskites resulted efficient catalysts for combustion of aromatic and chlorinated VOCs.