Effect of angiotensin II and losartan on the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages from Balb/C mice

Angiotensin II (AII), a product of rennin-angiotensin system, exerts an important role on the function of immune system cells. In this study, the effect of AII on the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages was assessed. Mice peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 48 h and the influence of different concentrations of AII (10-14 to 10-7 M) and/or losartan, 10-16 to 10-6 M), an AT1 angiotensin receptor antagonist, on phagocytic activity and superoxide anion production was determined. Dimethylthiazoldiphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction and the nucleic acid content were used to assess the cytotoxicity of losartan. A stimulatory effect on phagocytic activity (P < 0.05) was observed with 10-13 M and 10-12 M AII concentrations. The addition of losartan (up to10-14 M) to the cell cultures blocked (P < 0.001) the phagocytosis indicating the involvement of AT1 receptors. In contrast, superoxide anion production was not affected by AII or losartan. The existence of AT1 and AT2 receptors in peritoneal macrophages was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. These results support the hypothesis that AII receptors can modulate murine macrophage activity and phagocytosis, and suggest that AII may have a therapeutic role as an immunomodulatory agent in modifying the host resistance to infection.

Rac2 GTPase activation by angiotensin II is modulated by Ca2C/calcineurin and mitogen-activated protein kinases in human neutrophils

Angiotensin II (Ang II) highly stimulates superoxide anion production by neutrophils. The G-protein Rac2 modulates the activity of NADPH oxidase in response to various stimuli. Here, we describe that Ang II induced both Rac2 translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and Rac2 GTP-binding activity. Furthermore, Clostridium difficile toxin A, an inhibitor of the Rho-GTPases family Rho, Rac and Cdc42, prevented Ang II-elicited O2-/ROS production, phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2, and Rac2 activation. Rac2 GTPase inhibition by C. difficile toxin A was accompanied by a robust reduction of the cytosolic Ca(2)(+) elevation induced by Ang II in human neutrophils. Furthermore, SB203580 and PD098059 act as inhibitors of p38MAPK and ERK1/2 respectively, wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and cyclosporin A, a calcineurin inhibitor, hindered both translocation of Rac2 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and enhancement of Rac2 GTP-binding elicited by Ang II. These results provide evidence that the activation of Rac2 by Ang II is exerted through multiple signalling pathways, involving Ca(2)(+)/calcineurin and protein kinases, the elucidation of which should be insightful in the design of new therapies aimed at reversing the inflammation of vessel walls found in a number of cardiovascular diseases.

L'organització territorial de la Regió II

Aquest article presenta les pautes espacials en l'àmbit de la Regió II arran de l'elaboració de l’ estudi sobre l'estructura territorial del Bisbat de Girona realitzat per la Unitat Geogràfica de la Universitat de Girona

II Plan Integral de Oncología de Andalucía : 2007-2012

Publicado en la página web de la Consejería de Salud: www.juntadeandalucia.es/salud (Consejería de Salud / Ciudadanía / Quiénes somos / Planes y Estrategias). Tiene dos documentos relacionados: Prevención del cáncer y Código de buenas prácticas en comunicación.

Lipoprotein lipase activity and mass, apolipoprotein C-II mass and polymorphisms of apolipoproteins E and A5 in subjects with prior acute hypertriglyceridaemic pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Severe hypertriglyceridaemia due to chylomicronemia may trigger an acute pancreatitis. However, the basic underlying mechanism is usually not well understood. We decided to analyze some proteins involved in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia. METHODS Twenty-four survivors of acute hypertriglyceridaemic pancreatitis (cases) and 31 patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia (controls) were included. Clinical and anthropometrical data, chylomicronaemia, lipoprotein profile, postheparin lipoprotein lipase mass and activity, hepatic lipase activity, apolipoprotein C II and CIII mass, apo E and A5 polymorphisms were assessed. RESULTS Only five cases were found to have LPL mass and activity deficiency, all of them thin and having the first episode in childhood. No cases had apolipoprotein CII deficiency. No significant differences were found between the non-deficient LPL cases and the controls in terms of obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption, drug therapy, gender distribution, evidence of fasting chylomicronaemia, lipid levels, LPL activity and mass, hepatic lipase activity, CII and CIII mass or apo E polymorphisms. However, the SNP S19W of apo A5 tended to be more prevalent in cases than controls (40% vs. 23%, NS). CONCLUSION Primary defects in LPL and C-II are rare in survivors of acute hypertriglyceridaemic pancreatitis; lipase activity measurements should be restricted to those having their first episode during childhood.

[Tête de jeune fille]. II : [estampe] ([2eme état en deux plaques, imprimé en jaune et bleu]) / [gravé sous la direction de Jacob Christoph Le Blon] ; [d'après Carlo Maratti ?]

Référence bibliographique : Singer, 45

Natalizumab-related anaphylactoid reactions in MS patients are associated with HLA class II alleles.

OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate potential associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II alleles and the development of anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with natalizumab. METHODS HLA class I and II genotyping was performed in patients with MS who experienced anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions and in patients who did not develop infusion-related allergic reactions following natalizumab administration. RESULTS A total of 119 patients with MS from 3 different cohorts were included in the study: 54 with natalizumab-related anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions and 65 without allergic reactions. HLA-DRB1*13 and HLA-DRB1*14 alleles were significantly increased in patients who developed anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions (p M-H = 3 × 10(-7); odds ratio [OR]M-H = 8.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.40-23.64), with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 82%. In contrast, the HLA-DRB1*15 allele was significantly more represented in patients who did not develop anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions to natalizumab (p M-H = 6 × 10(-4); ORM-H = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.08-0.50), with a PPV of 81%. CONCLUSIONS HLA-DRB1 genotyping before natalizumab treatment may help neurologists to identify patients with MS at risk for developing serious systemic hypersensitivity reactions associated with natalizumab administration.

Assistência domiciliaria ao idoso: perfil do cuidador formal - parte II

O idoso fragilizado, mantido em seu domicílio, requer cuidados específicos, os quais são realizados muitas vezes por pessoas contratadas pela família para tal, denominadas cuidadores formais. Frente o aumento da oferta de trabalho destas pessoas e a escassez de literatura nacional sobre seu perfiL, desenvolvemos um estudo com 41 pessoas que ofereceram seus serviços através de anúncios em dois jornais de maior circulação no município de Campinas, São Paulo. Tal estudo teve por objetivos: 1. caracterizar estes cuidadores (este objetivo foi contemplado com um artigo publicado anteriormente) e 2. verificar as atividades propostas para a assistência ao idoso. No presente trabalho serão apresentados os dados referentes ao segundo objetivo.

Situación del recurso merluza y sus características biológicas en la primavera de 1978 crucero 7811-II TAREQ II (18 de octubre - 8 de noviembre 1978)

Evalúa el stock de la merluza y de otros recursos dermesales, determina la intensidad del desove y la distribución del stock reproductivo, así como las condiciones ambientales que están influyendo en la distribución y concentración del recurso.

Catalogue of type specimens of invertebrates in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil. II. Hexapoda: Collembola, Diplura, Archaeognatha, Ephemeroptera and Blattaria

A catalogue of type specimens of Collembola, Diplura, Archaeognatha, Ephemeroptera, and Blattaria deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented and updated to June, 2007. It contains a total of 22 holotypes and 18 lots of paratypes of 22 species of Collembola; one holotype and one paratype of one species of Diplura; four holotypes and four paratypes of four species of Archaeognatha; 10 holotypes and thirteen lots of paratypes of 11 species of Ephemeroptera; and one holotype and two lots of paratypes of one species of Blattaria. Specific names are listed alphabetically within family, followed by bibliographical citation, original genus name, status of type, collection number and locality data.

Taxonomia de Fanniidae (Diptera) do sul do Brasil - II: novas espécies e chave de identificação de Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy

Fannia é encontrada em todas as regiões biogeográficas, exceto nos pólos. A presente contribuição refere-se às 22 espécies encontradas na região Sul do Brasil incluindo três novas espécies: Fannia opsia sp. nov. de Ponta Grossa (Paraná), Fannia pulvinilenis sp. nov. de Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul) e Fannia xanthothrichia sp. nov. de São José dos Pinhais (Paraná). Fannia carvalhoi Couri, 2005 é registrada pela primeira vez para o Brasil. É descrita pela primeira vez a fêmea de Fannia admirabilis Albuquerque, 1958. Além disto, são apresentadas chaves de identificação para macho e fêmea para as espécies da região. Ilustrações dos principais caracteres diagnósticos e das terminálias masculina e feminina são incluídas.

Optimization of multiclass queueing networks with changeover times via the achievable region method: Part II, the multi-station case

We address the problem of scheduling a multi-station multiclassqueueing network (MQNET) with server changeover times to minimizesteady-state mean job holding costs. We present new lower boundson the best achievable cost that emerge as the values ofmathematical programming problems (linear, semidefinite, andconvex) over relaxed formulations of the system's achievableperformance region. The constraints on achievable performancedefining these formulations are obtained by formulatingsystem's equilibrium relations. Our contributions include: (1) aflow conservation interpretation and closed formulae for theconstraints previously derived by the potential function method;(2) new work decomposition laws for MQNETs; (3) new constraints(linear, convex, and semidefinite) on the performance region offirst and second moments of queue lengths for MQNETs; (4) a fastbound for a MQNET with N customer classes computed in N steps; (5)two heuristic scheduling policies: a priority-index policy, anda policy extracted from the solution of a linear programmingrelaxation.

Estimado de la biomasa de la merluza y otros recursos demersales en el área comprendida entre Puerto Pizarro y Huarmey. Crucero Bic José Olaya Balandra 9806-07

El crucero se realizó del 27 de junio al 13 de julio a bordo del BIC José Olaya Balandra 9806-07, de Puerto Pizarro a Huarmey, subdividido en 8 subáreas y 3 estratos de profundidad que contienen las principales concentraciones y mayor explotación de la merluza (Merluccius gayi peruanus) y su fauna acompañante. El método aplicado fue el de área barrida. La biomasa de la merluza fue estimada en 215 mil toneladas promedio, variando entre 200,5 y 252 mil toneladas, considerando en los cálculos un factor medio de eficiencia de la red de e=0,75. Las subáreas y estratos mejor representados con merluza fueron F-II, E-III y D-III. El total de recursos demersales fue estimado en 575,4 mil toneladas promedio y las principales especies acompañantes fueron, en promedio: el falso volador, 66,2 mil toneladas; la cabrilla, 45 mil toneladas; y la cachema, 5,5 mil toneladas. En general, la población presentó una estratificación latitudinal por tallas con los individuos mayores al norte. Al sur de los 7°S los individuos menores de 35 cm de longitud total alcanzaron casi el 100% y al norte de los 7°S la población de merluza presentó una mayor mezcla, disminuyendo la proporción juvenil.

Temperatura y salinidad del mar peruano a fines de la primavera 1998. Crucero BIC José Olaya Balandra 9811-12

La temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) tuvo valores que variaron de 14,0 °C (5 millas al sur de Punta Caballas) a 22,1 °C (20 mn frente a Matarani); la salinidad superficial del agua de mar (SSM) fluctuó entre 34,715 ups (5 millas al sur del Callao) a 35,340 ups (40 millas frente a Punta Caballas). Las anomalías térmicas para el mes de noviembre fluctuaron entre -0,5 y -1,6 °C. En el mes de diciembre las anomalías estuvieron en el rango de -2,6 a + 1,6 °C. Entre los 06° - II ° S se ubicaron valores negativos asociados con las Aguas Costeras Frías (ACF). Entre los 14° - 16° S se observaron anomalías positivas que alcanzaron valores de hasta 1,6 °C relacionadas a las Aguas Subtropicales Superficiales (ASS), que se ubicaron fuera de las 30 millas entre Punta Chao y Chancay; y por fuera de las 10 mn fueron más intensas entre Punta Caballas y Atico, con salinidades mayores a 35,1 ups y temperaturas mayores a 19°C. A nivel vertical, la termoclina, conformada por isotermas entre 14 -21°C, se presentó intensa en las secciones: Chimbote, Paracas y San Juan ubicándose entre los 40 - 110m de profundidad como promedio.

Evaluación de la merluza y otros recursos demersales durante el otoño 2000. Resultados generales del crucero BIC José Olaya Balandra 0004-05

Las principales concentraciones de la merluza se presentaron dispersas y las mayores localizadas entre Zorritos y Punta Sal con mayores densidades en el estrato III de la Sub área A y el estrato II de la Sub área D.