Composition of aerosols collected in the Western Russian Arctic in August-September 1991

In August-September 1991 during the SPASIBA expedition (Scientific Program on the Arctic and Siberian Aquatorium) aboard R/V Yakov Smirnitzky in the Laptev Sea ten samples of aerosols were collected by nylon nets. A combined approach including various analytical techniques, such as single-particle analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, was used to study composition of the samples. Mass concentration of coarse-grained (>0.001 mm) insoluble fraction of aerosols ranged from 80 to 460 ng/m**3. In all the samples remains of land vegetation were found to be the dominant component. Organic carbon content of the aerosols ranged from 23 to 49%. Inorganic part of the samples was represented mainly by alumosilicates and quartz. Anthropogenic ''fly ash'' particles were observed in all the samples. Temporal variations of element concentrations resulted from differences in air masses entering the studied area.

Figures and related data of a review of the "Global and Russian energy outlook up to 2040"

The Global and Russian Energy Outlook up to 2040, prepared by the Energy Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, analyses the long-term changes in the main energy markets and thereby identifies the threats to the Russian economy and energy sector. Research has shown that shifts in the global energy sector, especially in hydrocarbon markets (primarily the development of technologies for shale oil and gas extraction), will result in a slowdown of Russia's economy by one percentage point each year on average due to a decrease in energy exports comparison with the official projections. Owing to the lack of development of an institutional framework, an outdated tax system, low competition and low investment efficiency, Russia will be the most sensitive to fluctuations in global hydrocarbon markets among all major energy market players within the forecast period.

Deep drilling of glaciers: Russian projects in the Arctic (1975-1995)

The data collection "Deep Drilling of Glaciers: Soviet-Russian projects in Arctic, 1975-1995" was collected by the following basic considerations: - compilation of deep (>100 m) drilling projects on Arctic glaciers, using data of (a) publications; (b) archives of IGRAN; (c) personal communication of project participants; - documentation of parameters, references. Accuracy of data and techniques applied to determine different parameters are not evaluated. The accuracy of some geochemical parameters (up to 1984 and heavy metalls) is uncertain. Most reconstructions of ice core age and of annual layer thickness are discussed; - digitizing of published diagrams (in case, when original numerical data were lost) and subsequent data conversion to equal range series and adjustment to the common units. Therefore, the equal-range series were calculated from original data or converted from digitized chart values as indicated in the metadata. For the methodological purpose, the equal-range series obtained from original and reconstructed data were compared repeatedly; the systematic difference was less then 5-7%. Special attention should be given to the fact, that the data for individual ice core parameters varies, because some parameters were originally measured or registered. Parameters were converted in equal-range series using 2 m steps; - two or more parameter values were determined, then the mean-weighted (i.e. accounting the sample length) value is assigned to the entire interval; - one parameter value was determined, measured or registered independently from the parameter values in depth intervals which over- and underlie it, then the value is assigned to the entire interval; - one parameter value was determined, measured or registered for two adjoining depth intervals, then the specific value is assigned to the depth interval, which represents >75% of sample length ; if each of adjoining depth intervals represents <75% of sample length, then the correspondent parameter value is assigned to both intervals of depth. This collection of ice core data (version 2000) was made available through the EU funded QUEEN project by S.M. Arkhipov, Moscow.

Which comparative histories for ancient historians?

La finalidad de este trabajo es examinar qué rol puede desempeñar la historia comparada en el futuro de la historia antigua. Mi propósito es mostrar por qué la historia comparada es importante, así como explorar las diferentes formas de realizar una historia comparada y las ventajas y desventajas que estas formas implican. Los historiadores antiguos utilizaron la historia comparada para completar la carencia de evidencia antigua, para estudiar las similitudes entre áreas y períodos separados en el tiempo y en el espacio, para "desfamiliarizar lo familiar", o para analizar cómo habían tratado problemas similares los otros historiadores. Este artículo analiza los problemas metodológicos que los diferentes abordajes de la historia comparada implican y provee una revisión de cómo esos abordajes afectaron diversas áreas de la historia antigua. Aunque cada abordaje puede ofrecer su propia y valiosa contribución, existen razones importantes para preferir un abordaje entre otros.

Which comparative histories for ancient historians?

La finalidad de este trabajo es examinar qué rol puede desempeñar la historia comparada en el futuro de la historia antigua. Mi propósito es mostrar por qué la historia comparada es importante, así como explorar las diferentes formas de realizar una historia comparada y las ventajas y desventajas que estas formas implican. Los historiadores antiguos utilizaron la historia comparada para completar la carencia de evidencia antigua, para estudiar las similitudes entre áreas y períodos separados en el tiempo y en el espacio, para "desfamiliarizar lo familiar", o para analizar cómo habían tratado problemas similares los otros historiadores. Este artículo analiza los problemas metodológicos que los diferentes abordajes de la historia comparada implican y provee una revisión de cómo esos abordajes afectaron diversas áreas de la historia antigua. Aunque cada abordaje puede ofrecer su propia y valiosa contribución, existen razones importantes para preferir un abordaje entre otros.

Which comparative histories for ancient historians?

La finalidad de este trabajo es examinar qué rol puede desempeñar la historia comparada en el futuro de la historia antigua. Mi propósito es mostrar por qué la historia comparada es importante, así como explorar las diferentes formas de realizar una historia comparada y las ventajas y desventajas que estas formas implican. Los historiadores antiguos utilizaron la historia comparada para completar la carencia de evidencia antigua, para estudiar las similitudes entre áreas y períodos separados en el tiempo y en el espacio, para "desfamiliarizar lo familiar", o para analizar cómo habían tratado problemas similares los otros historiadores. Este artículo analiza los problemas metodológicos que los diferentes abordajes de la historia comparada implican y provee una revisión de cómo esos abordajes afectaron diversas áreas de la historia antigua. Aunque cada abordaje puede ofrecer su propia y valiosa contribución, existen razones importantes para preferir un abordaje entre otros.