Human papillomavirus (HPV) in mothers before and after delivery – a three year follow-up study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in mothers are important to consider since pregnancy may affect the outcome of the infection and the mother may transmit HPV to the child. This thesis is part of the 3-year Finnish Family HPV Study on HPV infection dynamics within 329 families. The presence of maternal HPV antibodies and HPV DNA in placenta, umbilical cord blood and breast milk was examined. In addition, genital and oral HR-HPV carriage was studied among mothers with one or two pregnancies. At enrollment, seropositivity to HPV 6, 11, 16, 18 and 45 was recorded in 53 %, 21 %, 35 %, 21 % and 9 % of the mothers, respectively. Age at sexual debut, number of sexual partners, a history of genital warts and antibodies to LR/HR-HPV predicted HR/LR-HPV-seropositivity. During follow-up 27 %, 14 %, 17 %, 17 % and 7 % of the mothers seroconverted to the tested HPV-types, respectively. Decay of HPV-antibodies was rare. The mother’s new pregnancy was of minor impact in the outcome of oral and cervical HR-HPV infections. HPV-DNA was present in 4.2 % and 3.5 % of the placentas and umbilical cord blood samples, and in 4.5 % and 19.7 % of the breast milk samples collected at day 3 and month 2 postpartum, respectively. HPV-positivity in placenta/cord blood was related to a history of abnormal pap-smears or genital warts, and raised the risk of the neonate being HPV-positive at birth. The mode of delivery did not predict the HPVstatus of neonate, placenta, or cord blood. HPV DNA in breast milk was associated with oral HPV status of the father, but not with HPV status of the neonate. The results indicate that exposure to HPV is common and that part of the exposure might take place already early in life. Contrary to the common claim, pregnancy is not a risk factor for HPV.

Prevalência de coilocitose em biópsias penianas de parceiros de mulheres com lesões genitais induzidas pelo HPV

OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de coilocitose em biópsias penianas de parceiros de mulheres com lesões genitais induzidas pelo HPV e analisar os fatores de risco envolvidos com a infecção peniana. MÉTODOS: foram incluídos neste estudo de coorte transversal 80 parceiros de mulheres com lesões induzidas pelo HPV no período de maio de 2002 a junho de 2003. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 34,1 anos (variando de 16 a 63). Todos os pacientes negavam ou desconheciam qualquer tipo de lesão genital. Foram submetidos à anamnese específica quanto a presença de sintomas uretrais, passado de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST), número de parceiras sexuais, uso de preservativos e postectomia. Posteriormente foram submetidos à peniscopia com a utilização de soluções de ácido acético e azul de toluidina, tendo sido colhido material para biópsia das lesões de aspecto morfológico sugestivo de contaminação por HPV. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste do chi2. RESULTADOS: o exame foi considerado negativo em 24 pacientes (30%). Todos os outros 56 pacientes (70%) apresentaram lesões acetobrancas e azul de toluidina positivas. Destes, 53 foram biopsiados, e 41 pacientes (77,3%) apresentaram biópsia com alterações histológicas sugestivas de infecção pelo HPV. CONCLUSÕES: a prevalência da infecção genital masculina pelo HPV foi de 51,2%, e nenhum fator de risco analisado foi associado com uma maior prevalência da infecção genital pelo vírus.

High Risk HPV E6/E7 Oncoprotein Expression in Women with High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion

Purpose To correlate the expression of high-risk HPV E6 mRNA with pap smear, colposcopy, and biopsy results in women with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on women referred for primary care services after cytological diagnosis of HSIL. We evaluated the expression of E6/E7 mRNA of HPV types 16,18,31,33, and 45 and correlated the results with those of Pap smear, colposcopy, and biopsy. For amplification/detection of mRNA E6 / E7 we used NucliSENSEasyQ kit to detect HPV mRNA by polymerase chain reaction with primers/ probes for HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45. Results Out of 128 valid tests, the results of 30 (23.4%) tests were negative and 98 (70%) tests were positive. Only one type of HPV was detected in 87.7% of the E6/E7 mRNA positive cases. HPV16 was detected in 61.2% of the cases, followed by HPV33 (26.5%), HPV31 (17.3%), HPV18 (10%), and HPV45 (4.08%). Pap smear tests revealed that the E6/E7 test was positive in 107 (83.8%) women with atypical squamous cells - high grade (ASC-H), HSIL, or higher. The E6/E7 test was positive in 69 (57.5%) specimens presenting negative cytology results. When analyzing the association with colposcopy results, the frequency of positive E6/E7 results increased with the severity of the injury, ranging from 57.1% in women without colposcopy-detected injury to 86.5% in those with higher levels of colposcopy findings. Of the 111 women who underwent biopsy and E6/E7 testing, the E6/E7 test was positive in 84.7% of the women who presented with lesions of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher. Finally, 41.2% of women with a negative biopsy presented a positive E6/E7 test. Conclusions E6/E7mRNA expression was higher in women with HSIL and CIN grade 2 or higher.

Outcome of human papillomavirus infection among men in the Finnish Family HPV Study

Ihmisen papilloomaviruksen taudinkuva suomalaisperheiden seurantatutkimuksen mieskohortissa Tieto ihmisen papilloomaviruksen (HPV) yhteydestä eri anatomisten alueiden sairauksien syntyyn on lisännyt mielenkiintoa miehen papilloomavirustulehduksen taudinkulun selvittämiseksi. Tämä väitöskirjatyö on osa suomalaista seurantatutkimusta, jossa tutkitaan HPVinfektioiden tartuntareittejä 329 perheessä. Väitöstyössä keskitytään tutkimukseen osallistuneiden 131 miehen aineistoon. Suun limakalvonäytteet otettiin seitsemässä aikapisteessä. Lisäksi otettiin sukuelinalueen näytteet kahdella seurantakäynnillä. Riskitekijöitä kartoittava kyselytutkimus teetettiin tutkimuksen alkutilanteessa sekä viimeisellä seurantakäynnillä. Oireettomat HPV infektiot olivat alkutilanteessa yleisiä molemmilla sukupuolilla (miesten suu 18,3 % ja sukuelinalue 35,9 %, naisten suu 17,2 % ja kohdunsuu 18,8 %), mutta HPV:n genotyyppien vastaavuus partnerien välillä oli vähäinen. Naisen, mutta ei miehen, seksuaalinen riskikäyttäytyminen oli yhteydessä pariskunnan HPV tyyppien vastaavuuteen. Partnerin ja siviilisäädyn vaihtaminen lisäsivät miehen riskiä saada uusia HPV infektioita. Miehen suun limakalvonäytteistä löytyi kaikkiaan 17 eri HPV tyyppiä. Suun HPV-tulehduksen esiintyvyys vaihteli eri aikapisteissä 15 %:sta 31 %:iin. Uusien HPV tulehdusten ilmaantumisaika vaihteli 3,9 ja 25,7 kuukauden välillä. Suun HPV infektio parani valtaosalla miehistä. Suun krooninen HPV-infektio todettiin 14 %:lla miehistä. Näiden infektioiden keskimääräinen kesto vaihteli 6.0:sta 30.7:ään kuukauteen. Tupakointi lisäsi korkean riskin HPV tyyppien aiheuttamien suun kroonisten infektioiden riskiä, kun taas aikaisemmin sairastetut sukuelinten kondyloomat suojasivat siltä. Tuloksemme osoittavat, että miehen oireeton HPV tulehdus on yleinen suussa ja sukuelinten alueella. Vakaa parisuhde suojaa uusilta HPV tulehduksilta. Tupakoinnilla on keskeinen merkitys suun HPV-infektion kroonistumisessa.

Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying the novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene variants bla(SHV-40), bla(TEM-116) and the class 1 integron-associated bla(GES-7) in Brazil

A clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate carrying the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene variants bla(SHV-40), bla(TEM-116) and bla(GES-7) was recovered. Cefoxitin and ceftazidime activity was most affected by the presence of these genes and an additional resistance to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was observed. The bla(GES-7) gene was found to be inserted into a class 1 integron. These results show the emergence of novel bla(TEM) and bla(SHV) genes in Brazil. Moreover, the presence of class 1 integrons suggests a great potential for dissemination of bla(GES) genes into diverse nosocomial pathogens. Indeed, the bla(GES-7) gene was originally discovered in Enterobacter cloacae in Greece and, to our knowledge, has not been reported elsewhere.

Prevalência de papilomavírus humano (HPV) e chlamydia trachomatis (CT) e sua associação com lesões cervicais em uma amostra de mulheres assintomáticas de Porto Alegre, RS

O câncer cervical acomete anualmente cerca de 470.000 mulheres em todo o mundo e mais de 16.000 mulheres no Brasil. O desenvolvimento do câncer cervical e sua associação ao Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) estão bem documentados, sendo este o fator principal para o desenvolvimento do câncer cervical. A infecção genital por Chlamydia trachomatis é estudada como um co-fator no desenvolvimento de neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais (NICs) e outras alterações celulares significativas em mulheres com histórico de infecção por HPV. Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer a prevalência de infecção por HPV e Chlamydia trachomatis em uma amostra de mulheres assintomáticas de uma área geográfica localizada na zona norte de Porto Alegre, bem como verificar as características associadas à presença desta co-infecção e sua relação com lesões cervicais. Trata-se de um estudo transversal cujo desfecho é a positividade ao HPV e à Chlamydia trachomatis em uma amostra de mulheres assintomáticas de Porto Alegre. Um total de 1217 amostras de material do colo do útero foi coletado para realização do exame citopatológico e para a identificação do DNA-HPV e DNA-CT através da técnica da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Colposcopia e biópsia foram realizadas sempre que a citologia estivesse alterada e/ou a PCR para o HPV-DNA fosse positiva. A prevalência de HPV e Chlamydia trachomatis e sua distribuição por faixa etária são descritas, bem como a sua associação com as variáveis estudadas através das Razões de Chances (RC) estimadas por regressão logística múltipla. Observou-se uma prevalência de HPV-DNA de 28,4% (n=346/1217), de CT-DNA de 12,6% (n=152/1208) e de co-infecção por HPV e CT de 6,5% (n=78/1208). Mulheres não brancas (Razão de Chance (RC) =1,60; Intervalo de Confiança (IC) de 95%:1,10-2,38),assalariadas (RC=1,74; IC95%:1,17-2,60) e com parceiro apresentando história de condiloma genital (RC=2,35; IC95%:1,17-4,72) mostraram-se associadas com a positividade para HPV. A infecção por CT mostrou uma associação positiva com mulheres que iniciaram a vida sexual antes dos vinte anos (RC=1,82; IC95%:1,05-3,15) e assalariadas (RC=1,93; IC95%:1,15-3,25). Quanto à co-infecção por HPV e CT, mulheres com mais de três de parceiros sexuais na vida (RC=2,02; IC 95%:1,12-3,65) apresentaram uma associação positiva com o desfecho. Com relação à citologia, tanto a infecção por HPV quanto a co-infecção apresentaram associação significativa com anormalidades citológicas (p≤0.001). Os resultados mostraram uma elevada prevalência de HPV, de CT e de co-infecção em uma amostra de mulheres assintomáticas reforçando dados relatados na literatura. A associação destas infecções com variáveis sócioeconômicas, de comportamento sexual e com lesões do colo uterino, indicam a importância de medidas para a promoção e prevenção de saúde com este alvo específico dentro da rotina de serviços de atenção primária. Desta forma, acredita-se que estes dados possam ser muito úteis no planejamento de programas, incluindo o controle de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis e a utilização de vacinas para o HPV.

On non-linear dynamics and control designs applied to the ideal and non-ideal variants of the Fitzhugh-Nagumo (FN) mathematical model

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Resistance of wild and near isogenic bean lines with arcelin variants to Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman): I - Winter crop

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Cigarette smoking and high-risk HPV DNA as predisposing factors for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in young Brazilian women

Background. This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the role of cigarette smoking and high-risk HPV types as risk factors of CIN 2 and 3 in young, sexually active Brazilian women. Materials and method. A series of 100 consecutive women with abnormal Pap smears were recruited, subjected to colposcopy, punch biopsy, and questionnaire for their social, sexual and reproductive factors. Of these, 77 women between 20 and 35 years of age (median 26.5 years) with biopsy-confirmed CIN 1 or CIN 2 and 3, were enrolled in this study. Representative samples from the exocervix and endocervix were obtained for HPV testing with the Hybrid Capture HPV-DNA assay, including the probes for the oncogenic HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52 and 56). Results. The overall rate of CIN 2 and 3 was 23/77 (29.8%). The women with CIN 1, 2 and 3 did not differ from each other with regard to their age, race, schooling, marital status, life-time number of sexual partners, age at first intercourse, use of oral contraceptives, or parity. However, current cigarette smoking was strongly associated with CIN 2 and 3 (p < 0,001), and among smokers, the risk of high-grade CIN increased in parallel with the time of exposure (years of smoking) p = 0.07), HPV-DNA of the oncogenic types was detected in 43 (56%) women, the risk of being HPV DNA-positive was significantly higher in CIN 2 and 3 as compared with CIN 1 (p = 0.037). Importantly, the prevalence of high-risk HPV types was significantly higher in cigarette smokers than in non-smokers (p = 0.046). Conclusions. The results indicate that the severity of CIN lesions was clearly related to two fundamental risk factors: 1) high-risk HPV types, and 2) current cigarette smoking. These two risk factors were closely interrelated in that the high-risk HPV types were significantly more frequent in current smokers than in non-smokers, suggesting the possibility of a synergistic action between these two risk factors in cervical carcinogenesis.

Papilomavirus Humano (HPV) - Um estudo de revisao

Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are epitheliotropic viruses, that induce benign and malignant lesions on several body sites. It's a small circular DNA virus, non-enveloped and 75 types have been identified. Frequently HPV 6, 11 (benign lesions) and 16, 18 (malignant lesions) are occurred on mucosa. The infection takes place at the basal layer cells with microlesions, when the virus enters into the cells and looses the capsid. The benign HPV types is associated to cell's genome in epissomal way. In malignant lesions, it integrates into the cell's DNA. HPV viruses are sexually transmitted and responsable for malignant cell transformation. Thus this viruses have an extremely epidemiologic importance. This paper reports a HPV review study about: epidemiology, diagnostic methods and treatment to papillomavirus infection.

Allelic variants of XRCC1 and XRCC3 repair genes and susceptibility of oral cancer in Brazilian patients

Background: The capacity for DNA repair is essential in maintaining cellular functions and homeostasis; however, this capacity can be altered based on DNA sequence variations in DNA repair genes, which may contribute to the onset of cancer. Many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in repair genes have been found to be associated with oral cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the presence of allelic variants Arg194Trp (rs:1799782) and Arg399Gln (rs: 25487) of XRCC1 gene and Thr241Met (rs: 861539) of XRCC3 gene and susceptibility to oral cancer. We also attempted to correlate the frequencies obtained for each of the SNPs to histopathological parameters. Methods: A case-control study was conducted with genomic DNA from 150 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas and 150 controls. SNPs were genotyped by RFLP-PCR. Results: The presence of the polymorphic variants of the XRCC1 gene within codon 194 (OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.44-1.51) and codon 399 (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.59-1.50) and within the XRCC3 gene (OR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.45-1.16) were not associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. A combinational analysis of SNPs in both genes indicated no association. The presence of the allelic variants of these two genes had no statistically significant effect on tumor differentiation, lymph node invasion or tumor size. Conclusions: These results suggest that allelic variants of XRCC1 and XRCC3 are not suitable markers for susceptibility to carcinomas of the oral cavity and are also not related to the later stages of such tumors. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Análise do gene E6 de HPV de baixo risco em papilomatose de laringe

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genotipagem de HPV e imunorreatividade da ciclina D1 em adenocarcinoma de colo do útero

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Prevenção e diagnóstico de lesões HPV induzidas e carcinoma anal em mulheres atendidas na rede básica de saúde da cidade de Botucatu pelo método escovado do canal anal

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Prevalência de infecção genital pelo HPV em populações urbana e rural da Amazônia Oriental Brasileira

Foram investigados a prevalência e os fatores associados à infecção genital pelo HPV em mulheres de população urbana e rural de duas regiões da Amazônia Oriental brasileira. Foi um estudo transversal com 444 mulheres submetidas ao rastreamento para câncer cervical, sendo 233 urbanas e 211 rurais, de janeiro de 2008 a março de 2010. Coletaram-se amostras da cérvice uterina para a pesquisa de DNA do HPV pela PCR. Todas responderam a um formulário epidemiológico. Análise bivariada e por regressão logística foram empregadas na investigação dos fatores associados ao HPV. A prevalência geral de HPV foi de 14,6%. Entre as populações, não houve diferença significativa, 15% urbana e 14,2% rural. O único fator de risco explorado no estudo significativamente associado ao HPV foi a situação conjugal de mulheres residentes na zona rural na faixa de 13 a 25 anos, com maior prevalência de infecção entre solteiras, separadas ou viúvas. Conclui-se que, apesar das prevalências entre as populações serem semelhantes, as estratégias preventivas a serem aplicadas seriam específicas para cada população.