O viés da comunicação [de] Harold A. Innis [recensão crítica]

Recensão crítica do livro "Innis, H.(2011[1951]) O viés da comunicação. Petropólis, Vozes".

Harold Innis é traduzido para o português

Resenha do livro "Innis, H.(2011[1951]) O viés da comunicação. Petropólis, Vozes".

James W. Carey. Uma voz que clamou por mais e melhor democracia

A notícia da morte de James W. Carey, aos 71 anos, no passado dia 23 de Maio de 2006 deixou um profundo vazio na comunidade de estudiosos da comunicação e do jornalismo. Considerado nos EUA como um dos mais influentes pensadores do último terço do século XX nesta área de estudo, embora pouco conhecido na Europa, Carey foi e será uma referência para quem, nos tempos actuais, insiste, mesmo que romanticamente, em pensar a comunicação como ritual cultural de cooperação e democracia.

Recidivas de casos de hanseníase no estado de Mato Grosso

OBJETIVO: Comparar as novas entradas por recidiva de hanseníase em unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) e em unidades especializadas (UE) no estado de Mato Grosso. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com base em todos os registros (N = 323) de recidivas de hanseníase do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) de 2004 a 2006, notificados no estado de Mato Grosso. Os casos diagnosticados foram comparados quanto ao sexo, idade, aspectos clínico-laboratoriais e distribuição geográfica nos municípios. Para a comparação e cálculo das proporções das variáveis utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado ao nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Das novas entradas de recidiva, 20% foi confirmado nas UE e 80% em UBS; entretanto, a maioria dos diagnósticos em UBS tinham baciloscopia negativa (÷² =12,34; p = 0,002). O sexo masculino atingiu 71%, com idade média de 43 anos. Não foi observada diferença nos percentuais das entradas entre as unidades de saúde segundo forma clínica, classificação operacional e grau de incapacidade física. Do total de municípios do estado, 64,7% apresentou recidiva, com percentual entre 6% e 20% de todas as entradas. CONCLUSÕES: As novas entradas de casos de recidiva em Mato Grosso são influenciadas pelos diagnósticos feitos em UBS, sugerindo que há deficiência na rede de serviços de saúde em reconhecer casos de recidiva.

Synthesis, structural characterization and leishmanicidal activity evaluation of ferrocenyl N-heterocyclic compounds

Agência Financiadora: FCT - PTDC/QUI/72656/2006 ; SFRH/BPD/27454/2006; SFRH/BPD/44082/2008; SFRH/BPD/41138/2007

Outdoor and indoor benzene evaluation by GC-FID and GC-MS/MS

The evaluation of benzene in different environments such as indoor (with and without tobacco smoke), a city area, countryside, gas stations and near exhaust pipes from cars running on different types of fuels was performed. The samples were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) and tandem mass spectrometric detection (MS/MS) (to confirm the identification of benzene in the air samples). Operating conditions for the GC-MS analysis were optimized as well as the sampling and sample preparation. The results obtained in this work indicate that i) the type of fuel directly influences the benzene concentration in the air. Gasoline with additives provided the highest amount of benzene followed by unleaded gasoline and diesel; ii) the benzene concentration in the gas station was always higher than the advisable limit established by law (5 μg m−3) and during the unloading of gasoline the achieved concentration was 8371 μg m−3; iii) the data from the countryside (Taliscas) and the urban city (Matosinhos) were below 5 μg m−3 except 5 days after a fire on a petroleum refinery plant located near the city; iv) it was proven that in coffee shops where smoking is allowed the benzene concentration is higher (6 μg m−3) than in coffee shops where this is forbidden (4 μg m−3). This method may also be helpful for environmental analytical chemists who use GC-MS/MS for the confirmation or/and quantification of benzene.

Prevalência da anemia e fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses de Pernambuco

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de anemia e identificar seus fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados da III Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde e Nutrição/Pernambuco em amostra representativa de 1.403 crianças para as áreas urbana e rural. A anemia foi diagnosticada pela dosagem da hemoglobina. A análise multivariada foi realizada a partir de um modelo hierárquico, utilizando a regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta para estimar a razão de prevalência em função de variáveis: biológicas, de morbidade e estado nutricional da criança, socioeconômicas, de habitação, de saneamento e fatores maternos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência ponderada de anemia foi de 32,8%: 31,5% na área urbana e 36,6% na rural. Na área urbana, as variáveis que se associaram significantemente à anemia foram: escolaridade materna, bens de consumo, número de crianças menores de cinco anos no domicílio, tratamento da água de beber, idade e anemia materna e idade da criança. Na área rural, apenas a idade materna e a idade da criança associaram-se de modo significante à anemia. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de anemia nas crianças pernambucanas é semelhante nas áreas urbana e rural. Os fatores associados à anemia apresentados devem ser considerados no planejamento de medidas efetivas para o seu controle.

Efeitos da sobrecarga das mochilas escolares nas alterações posturais e de equilíbrio

Mestrado em Fisioterapia

Exploring bioactive properties of marine cyanobacteria Isolated from the Portuguese coast: high potential as a source of anticancer compounds

The oceans remain a major source of natural compounds with potential in pharmacology. In particular, during the last few decades, marine cyanobacteria have been in focus as producers of interesting bioactive compounds, especially for the treatment of cancer. In this study, the anticancer potential of extracts from twenty eight marine cyanobacteria strains, belonging to the underexplored picoplanktonic genera, Cyanobium, Synechocystis and Synechococcus, and the filamentous genera, Nodosilinea, Leptolyngbya, Pseudanabaena and Romeria, were assessed in eight human tumor cell lines. First, a crude extract was obtained by dichloromethane:methanol extraction, and from it, three fractions were separated in a Si column chromatography. The crude extract and fractions were tested in eight human cancer cell lines for cell viability/toxicity, accessed with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactic dehydrogenase release (LDH) assays. Eight point nine percent of the strains revealed strong cytotoxicity; 17.8% showed moderate cytotoxicity, and 14.3% assays showed low toxicity. The results obtained revealed that the studied genera of marine cyanobacteria are a promising source of novel compounds with potential anticancer activity and highlight the interest in also exploring the smaller filamentous and picoplanktonic genera of cyanobacteria.

Fatores associados à recidiva em hanseníase em Mato Grosso

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à ocorrência de recidiva em hanseníase. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo caso-controle com 159 pacientes maiores de 15 anos diagnosticados com hanseníase em cinco municípios do estado de Mato Grosso, cujas unidades de saúde eram consideradas de referência para o atendimento. O grupo de casos incluiu 53 indivíduos com recidiva de 2005 a 2007 e foi comparado ao grupo controle (106 com alta por cura em 2005), pareados por sexo e classificação operacional. Foram usados dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, prontuários e entrevistas. Utilizou-se regressão logística condicional e abordagem hierárquica. RESULTADOS: Após análise ajustada, mostraram-se associados à ocorrência de recidiva: indivíduos residentes em casas alugadas (OR = 4,1; IC95%:1,43;12,04), em domicílio de madeira/taipa (OR = 3,2; IC95%: 1,16;8,76), que moravam com mais de cinco pessoas (OR = 2,1; IC95% : 1,03;4,36), com transtorno de uso de álcool (OR = 2,8; IC95%: 1,17;6,79), irregularidade do tratamento (OR = 3,8;IC95%: 1,44;10,02), sem esclarecimento sobre a doença/tratamento (OR = 2,6; IC95%: 1,09;6,13), que usavam transporte coletivo para o acesso à unidade de saúde (OR = 5,5; IC95%: 2,36;12,63), forma clínica da doença (OR = 7,1; IC95%: 2,48;20,52) e esquema terapêutico (OR = 3,7; IC95%: 1,49;9,11). CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores preditivos de recidiva relacionam-se com condições de moradia, hábitos de vida, organização dos serviços de saúde, formas clínicas e esquemas terapêuticos. Cabe aos serviços de saúde oferecer orientações adequadas aos pacientes, bem como garantir a regularidade do tratamento.

A Cidade e as Serras enquanto peça radiofónica: a semântica de uma paisagem sonora

Dos três meios de comunicação tradicionais, a rádio apresenta-se como aquele em que a investigação académica é quantitativamente menos significativa. Esta constatação é verdadeira para o panorama nacional, mas também internacional. As análises denotam uma maior preponderância para o aprofundamento de estudos relativos à informação que é veiculada pelo meio radiofónico, mas pouco interesse tem existido para a questão da relação criativa implicada entre o ouvinte e o som. A presente comunicação tem como principal objectivo destacar o poder da sonoplastia no desencadear de uma multiplicidade de significações. Desta forma, pretende-se explorar a estética sonora de uma reportagem radiofónica sem nunca esquecer o modo como o som complementa a palavra falada. Para tal analisar-se-á a peça A Cidade e as Serras, da autoria de João Paulo Guerra, construída com base no último romance de Eça de Queirós. Ao nível sonoro, o enfoque desta apresentação privilegiará não só o modo como a riqueza da prosa queirosiana foi reproduzida na reportagem radiofónica de João Paulo Guerra, mas também os métodos utilizados pelo sonoplasta para “pintar” a reportagem de acordo com as paisagens sonoras potenciadas pela obra original.

James W. Carey as critical theorist of the information age

This paper suggests that the thought of the North-American critical theorist James W. Carey provides a relevant perspective on communication and technology. Having as background American social pragmatism and progressive thinkers of the beginning of the 20th century (as Dewey, Mead, Cooley, and Park), Carey built a perspective that brought together the political economy of Harold A. Innis, the social criticism of David Riesman and Charles W. Mills and incorporated Marxist topics such as commodification and sociocultural domination. The main goal of this paper is to explore the connection established by Carey between modern technological communication and what he called the “transmissive model”, a model which not only reduces the symbolic process of communication to instrumentalization and to information delivery, but also politically converges with capitalism as well as power, control and expansionist goals. Conceiving communication as a process that creates symbolic and cultural systems, in which and through which social life takes place, Carey gives equal emphasis to the incorporation processes of communication.If symbolic forms and culture are ways of conditioning action, they are also influenced by technological and economic materializations of symbolic systems, and by other conditioning structures. In Carey’s view, communication is never a disembodied force; rather, it is a set of practices in which co-exist conceptions, techniques and social relations. These practices configure reality or, alternatively, can refute, transform and celebrate it. Exhibiting sensitiveness favourable to the historical understanding of communication, media and information technologies, one of the issues Carey explored most was the history of the telegraph as an harbinger of the Internet, of its problems and contradictions. For Carey, Internet was seen as the contemporary heir of the communications revolution triggered by the prototype of transmission technologies, namely the telegraph in the 19th century. In the telegraph Carey saw the prototype of many subsequent commercial empires based on science and technology, a pioneer model for complex business management; an example of conflict of interest for the control over patents; an inducer of changes both in language and in structures of knowledge; and a promoter of a futurist and utopian thought of information technologies. After a brief approach to Carey’s communication theory, this paper focuses on his seminal essay "Technology and ideology. The case of the telegraph", bearing in mind the prospect of the communication revolution introduced by Internet. We maintain that this essay has seminal relevance for critically studying the information society. Our reading of it highlights the reach, as well as the problems, of an approach which conceives the innovation of the telegraph as a metaphor for all innovations, announcing the modern stage of history and determining to this day the major lines of development in modern communication systems.

The telegraph as an omen of the future in James W. Carey's vision

In the history of modern communication, after the development of the printing press, the telegraph unleashed a revolution in communications. Today, Internet is in many ways its heir. Reflections on the telegraph may open up perspectives concerning tendencies, possibilities and pitfalls of the Internet. The telegraph has been well explored in important literature on communication and media which tends to emphasize the history of this technology, its social context and institutional meaning [e.g. Robert L. Thompson, 1947, Tom Standage, 2007 [1998]. James W. Carey, the North- American critical cultural studies' mentor, in his essay "Technology and Ideology. The Case of the Telegraph" (2009 [1983]), suggests a distinctive approach. In the telegraph, Carey sees the prototype of many subsequent commercial empires based on science and technology, a pioneer model for complex business management; an example of interest struggle for the patents control; an inductor of changes both in language and in structures of knowledge; and a promoter of a futurist and utopian thought of information technologies. Having in mind a revolution in communications promoted by the Internet, this paper revisits this seminal essay to explore its great attainment, as well as the problems of this kind of approach which conceives the innovation of the telegraph as a metaphor for all the innovations announcing the modern stage of history and determining still today the major lines of development in modern communication systems.

Beyond methodological nationalism: The contribution of Robert E. Park to the history of intercultural communication

The legacy of nineteenth century social theory followed a “nationalist” model of society, assuming that analysis of social realities depends upon national boundaries, taking the nation-state as the primary unit of analysis, and developing the concept of methodological nationalism. This perspective regarded the nation-state as the natural - and even necessary - form of society in modernity. Thus, the constitution of large cities, at the end of the 19th century, through the intense flows of immigrants coming from diverse political and linguistic communities posed an enormous challenge to all social research. One of the most significant studies responding to this set of issues was The Immigrant Press and its Control, by Robert E. Park, one of the most prominent American sociologists of the first half of the 20th century. The Immigrant Press and its Control was part of a larger project entitled Americanization Studies: The Acculturation of Immigrant Group into American Society, funded by the Carnagie Corporation following World War I, taking as its goal to study the so-called “Americanization methods” during the 1920s. This paper revisits that particular work by Park to reveal how his detailed analysis of the role of the immigrant press overcame the limitations of methodological nationalism. By granting importance to language as a tool uniting each community and by showing how the strength of foreign languages expressed itself through the immigrant press, Park demonstrated that the latter produces a more ambivalent phenomenon than simply the assimilation of immigrants. On the one hand, the immigrant press served as a connecting force, driven by the desire to preserve the mother tongue and culture while at the same time awakening national sentiments that had, until then, remained diffuse. Yet, on the other hand, it facilitated the adjustment of immigrants to the American context. As a result, Park’s work contributes to our understanding of a particular liminal moment inherent within many intercultural contexts, the space between emigrant identity (emphasizing the country of origin) and immigrant identity (emphasizing the newly adopted country). His focus on the role played by media in the socialization of immigrant groups presaged later work on this subject by communication scholars. Focusing attention on Park’s research leads to other studies of the immigrant experience from the same period (e.g., Thomas & Znaniecki, The Polish Peasant in Europe and America), and also to insights on multi-presence and interculturality as significant but often overlooked phenomena in the study of immigrant socialization.

A importância e o impacto das rotinas na creche e no jardim de infância

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar