965 resultados para FETAL ABNORMALITIES
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Malaria is one of the most devastating diseases in the world. In Plasmodium endemic regions, pregnant women are among the most vulnerable groups. Pregnancy Associated Malaria (PAM) threatens both maternal and foetal lives. Despite differences between human and mouse placentas PAM mouse models recapitulate key pathological features of human PAM. Here we describe new PAM models of mid gestation infection in the C57BL/6 mouse.(...)
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INTRODUCTION: Traumatic spinal cord injury is one of the most disabling conditions occurring in man and thus stimulates a strong interest in its histopathological, biochemical, and functional changes, primarily as we search for preventive and therapeutic methods. PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model for transplantation of cells from the fetal rat central nervous system to the site of an injured spinal cord of an adult rat in which the transplanted cells survive and become integrated. This experimental model will facilitate investigations of factors that promote regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen adult Wistar rats underwent laminectomy, and an spinal cord lesion was made with microdissection. Fetal spinal cord tissue was then transplanted to the site of the injury. The rats were monitored over a 48-hour period, and then their vertebral column was completely removed for histological analysis. RESULTS: In 60% of transplanted rats, the fetal tissue at the injured site remained viable in the site of the lesion.
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PURPOSE: To review the medical literature regarding the histopathologic and biochemical liver test abnormalities in chronic asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic alcoholics. METHODS: Review of articles in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases regarding serum levels and prevalence of alterations in aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, in relation to liver histopathology, with or without discrimination of types of histopathologic alteration. RESULTS: Global mean prevalence rates of aspartate-aminotransferase and alanine-aminotransferase alterations were 86.3% and 51.1%; in cases with steatosis they were 79.1% and 38.5%; and in cases of hepatitis, 90.1% and 58%. In all studies, prevalence rates of aspartate-aminotransferase alterations were significantly higher with lower variability than those of alanine-aminotransferase. Mean aspartate-aminotransferase levels were higher than 2N (N is the upper normal limit of the method employed) in all cases with hepatitis histopathology, while those of alanine-aminotransferase were 1.48N, in the same cases. Prevalence of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin abnormalities were 74.5% and 74.9% globally; in cases of steatosis, they were 70.9% and 67.9%; and in cases of hepatitis, 75.9% and 77.7%. Mean alkaline phosphatase levels were above the upper normal limit in all cases, but those of total bilirubin were above normal in 4 of 7 hepatitis studies. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of aspartate-aminotransferase alteration was consistently related to presence of histopathologic abnormalities; an enzyme level higher than 2N suggests the diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis.
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Lower urinary tract dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life in elderly men and women. With the progressive aging of the population, it is important to understand common micturitional disorders that may occur in this population. Most urinary problems in the elderly are multifactorial in origin, demanding a comprehensive assessment of the lower urinary tract organs, functional impairments, and concurrent medical diseases. Urodynamics is a highly valuable tool in the investigation of elderly patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urodynamic tests are not always necessary, being indicated after excluding potentially reversible conditions outside the urinary tract that may be causing or contributing to the symptoms. Although urodynamic tests may reveal common diagnoses such as bladder outlet obstruction and stress urinary incontinence in the elderly population, findings such as detrusor overactivity and impaired detrusor contractility are common and have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The purpose of this article is to describe common urologic problems in the elderly and review the indications for and clinical aspects of urodynamic studies in these conditions.
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Background: Abnormalities in emotional prosody processing have been consistently reported in schizophrenia and are related to poor social outcomes. However, the role of stimulus complexity in abnormal emotional prosody processing is still unclear. Method: We recorded event-related potentials in 16 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls to investigate: 1) the temporal course of emotional prosody processing; and 2) the relative contribution of prosodic and semantic cues in emotional prosody processing. Stimuli were prosodic single words presented in two conditions: with intelligible (semantic content condition—SCC) and unintelligible semantic content (pure prosody condition—PPC). Results: Relative to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients showed reduced P50 for happy PPC words, and reduced N100 for both neutral and emotional SCC words and for neutral PPC stimuli. Also, increased P200 was observed in schizophrenia for happy prosody in SCC only. Behavioral results revealed higher error rates in schizophrenia for angry prosody in SCC and for happy prosody in PPC. Conclusions: Together, these data further demonstrate the interactions between abnormal sensory processes and higher-order processes in bringing about emotional prosody processing dysfunction in schizophrenia. They further suggest that impaired emotional prosody processing is dependent on stimulus complexity.
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The aim of the present study is to explore obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)-related abnormalities in white matter connectivity in OCD for a core region associated with inhibitory control [i.e. inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)]. Fifteen patients with OCD (11 men) and 15 healthy controls (nine men) underwent diffusion tensor imaging scanning to study four diffusivity indexes of white matter integrity [fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity (RD)]. The results showed that persons with OCD manifested significantly lower fractional anisotropy levels in the bilateral IFG as well as its parcellations in the pars opercularis, pars triangularis, and pars orbitalis. Significantly higher levels of MD, RD were evident for the OCD group in the IFG as a whole as well as in the bilateral subregions of the pars triangularis and pars opercularis (for MD and RD), the right side of the pars orbitalis (for RD), and the left side of the pars triangularis and right side pars opercularis (for axial diffusivity). Overall, the results suggest significant alterations in structural connectivity, probably associated with myelination and axonal abnormalities in the IFG of OCD patients.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica (área de especialização em Engenharia Clínica)
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OBJETIVO: Descrever o desempenho intelectual em uma amostra de crianças e adolescentes que sofreram exposição pré-natal ao álcool. MÉTODOS: Este estudo se constitui em uma série de casos, composta por 10 sujeitos entre 6 e 16 anos, com histórico de exposição alcoólica fetal. Esses sujeitos foram submetidos a uma avaliação médica para serem caracterizados como amostra clínica, respeitando critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos. O desempenho intelectual da amostra foi estudado por meio dos instrumentos: Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Criança (WISC-III) e Teste Matrizes Progressivas de Raven. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi caracterizada com desempenho médio inferior pela WISC-III. No Teste Raven, a amostra apresentou desempenho intelectualmente médio. Entre todos os índices da WISC-III, Resistência à Distração apresentou-se mais prejudicado. Os subtestes Aritmética e Arranjo de Figuras apresentaram resultados mais prejudicados comparados ao desempenho obtido nos outros subtestes. O prejuízo dessas funções pode trazer como consequência secundária e dificuldades no aprendizado e na interação social e impactar o desenvolvimento desses jovens. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados encontrados nesta série de 10 casos foram comparados àqueles descritos em estudos nacionais e internacionais. O prejuízo cognitivo causado pelo uso do álcool na gestação pode se manifestar em crianças em idade escolar por meio da dificuldade de aprendizagem e da dificuldade de estabelecer interações sociais. Dessa forma, a exposição pré-natal ao álcool torna-se um problema de saúde pública, que precisa de maior atenção das políticas públicas nacionais para a realização de identificação e intervenção precoce.
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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a forma de apresentação, diagnóstico e tratamento das taquiarritmias supraventriculares fetais, através do relato de uma série de casos acompanhados em um centro terciário de cardiologia fetal. MÉTODOS: São descritos 25 casos de taquiarritmia supraventricular diagnosticados intra-útero, no período de janeiro/89 a outubro/97, em uma população compreendendo 3117 gestantes. RESULTADOS: Foram diagnosticados 17 casos de taquiarritmia supraventricular e 8 casos de flutter atrial fetal. As idades gestacionais variaram de 26 a 40 semanas. Doze fetos apresentavam hidropisia no momento do diagnóstico (6 com taquicardia supraventricular (TSV) e 6 com flutter atrial). Quatro fetos com TSV apresentavam cardiopatias estruturais (dois casos de anomalia de Ebstein e dois com comunicação interventricular). Todos os fetos foram internados na Unidade de Cardiologia Fetal para monitorização e tratamento. Entre os 17 fetos com TSV, 12 apresentaram reversão da arritmia após administração de digoxina, mas esta medida não foi eficaz em nenhum paciente com flutter. Dois pacientes com TSV e seis com flutter necessitaram interrupção da gestação para cardioversão elétrica pós-natal. A mortalidade foi de 3/17 no grupo da TSV (incluindo dois pacientes com anomalia de Ebstein) e de 0/8 no grupo com flutter. CONCLUSÃO: As taquiarritmias supraventriculares fetais são eventos raros na população geral. Entretanto, podem provocar insuficiência cardíaca e óbito intra-uterino. Como a resposta ao tratamento é satisfatória, tornam-se de extrema importância o diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado.