Synthesis and characterisation of novel imidazolium-based ionic liquid crystals with a p-nitroazobenzene moiety

A novel series of compounds with different counter anions, i.e. 1-{[4-(4-nitrophenylazo)phenyloxy]}alkyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromide salts (C-n , n=3, 6, 10) and tetrafluoroborate salts (D-n , n=3, 6, 10), were synthesised by the incorporation of an imidazolium group into paraffin side chain-terminated 4-nitroazobenzene derivatives. Their chemical structures were determined by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, UV spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

Effects of deposition conditions on composition and thermal cycling life of lanthanum zirconate coatings

Lanthanum, zirconate (La2Zr2O7, LZ) coatings were prepared under four different deposition conditions by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The composition, crystal structure, surface and cross-sectional morphology, cyclic oxidation behavior of these coatings were studied. Elemental analysis indicates that the coating composition has partially deviated from the stoichiometry of pyrochlore, and the existence of excess La2O3 is also observed. The deviation could be reduced by properly controlling the electron beam current or by changing the ingot composition.

[Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) nanocomposites containing heteropolyacids: Simple preparation and stable solid-state electrochemiluminescence detection application

In order to solidify the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophor tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)) onto the electrode surfaces robustly, the negative charged heteropolyacids (HPAs) moieties were utilized to attract and bond cations [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) via an adsorption method. The compositions and microstructures of the hybrid complexes were characterized by elemental analysis (EDS), spectroscopic techniques (UV-vis, FTIR) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The electrochemical and ECL behaviors of the [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)/[PW12O40](3-) hybrid complex contained in the solid film of the nanocomposites formed on the electrode surfaces were also studied.

Near-infrared luminescent properties and natural lifetime calculation of a novel Er3+ complex

in this communication, a novel Er3+ complex Er(PT)(3)TPPO [PT = 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-tert-butylbenzoyl-5-pyrazolone, TPPO = triphenyl phosphine oxide] is successfully synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Its optical properties and the energy transfer process from the ligand PT to the Er3+ ion are investigated, the typical near-infrared (NIR) luminescence (centered at around 1530 nm) is attributed to the I-4(13/2) -> I-4(15/2) transition of Er3+ ion which results from the efficient energy transfer from PT to Er3+ ion (an antenna effect). The wider full width at half maximum (78 nm) peaked at 1530 nm in the emission spectrum and the Judd-Ofelt theory calculation on the radiative properties suggest that Er(PT)(3)TPPO should be a promising candidate for tunable lasers and planar optical amplifiers.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New 3D Copper B-Paradodecatungstate Compound: [Na-2(H2O)(8)][Na-8(H2O)(20)][Cu(en)(2)][W12O42] center dot 3H(2)O

A new polyoxotungstate complex [Na-2(H2O)(8)][Na-8(H2O)(20)][Cu(en)(2)][W12O42] center dot 3 H2O (1) (en = ethylenediamine) has been synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and TG analysis, together with a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. In compound 1, the Cu(en)(2)(2+) complex cation links the [W12O42](12-) anions to form a I D chain, and the ID chains are further interconnected with Na-8(H2O)(20)(8+) and Na-2(H2O)(8)(2+) cations to construct a new 3D framework.

Preparation and characterization of La2Zr2O7 coating with the addition of Y2O3 by EB-PVD

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) of La2Zr2O7 (LZ) with the addition of 3 wt.% Y2O3 (LZ3Y) were deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The phase stabilities, thermophysical and mechanical properties, and chemical compositions of these ceramics and coatings were studied in detail. The phase stability and thermal expansion behavior of LZ3Y bulk material are identical to those of LZ bulk material, but the mechanical properties of the former are superior to those of the latter. Elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction indicate that compositional deviation of LZ coating can be optimized after doping by 3 wt.% Y2O3, Y2O3 acts as a dopant as well as a process regulator. The optimal composition of LZ3Y coating could be effectively achieved by the addition of excess Y2O3 into the ingot and by properly controlling the current of electron beam (i.e. similar to 650 mA).

Cytotoxicity of liver targeted drug-loaded alginate nanoparticles

In this study, novel liver targeted doxorubicin (DOX) loaded alginate (ALG) nanoparticles were prepared by CaCl2 crosslinking method. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA, a liver targeted molecule) modified alginate (GA-ALG) was synthesized in a heterogeneous system, and the structure of GA-ALG and the substitution degree of GA were analyzed by H-1 NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. The drug release profile under the simulated physiological condition and cytotoxicity experiments of drug-loaded GA-ALG nanoparticles were carried out in vitro. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that drug-loaded GA-ALG nanoparticles have spherical shape structure with the mean hydrodynamic diameter around 214 +/- 11 nm.

Synthesis of Aromatic Oxide-Oxadiazoles Containing Pyridine Ring and Study on Their Spectral Properties

In order to explore new highly organic electroluminescent materials, six symmetrical aromatic oxide-oxadiazoles containing pyridine ring 4a similar to 4f were synthesized through cyclization of substituted benzoic acid (2) with 2,6-dihydrazide pyridine (3) by "one-pot" method in POCl3. Their structures were confirmed by MS, IR, H-1 NMR techniques and elemental analysis. The fluorescence spectra of the target compounds showed that the A,m ranged from 347 to 507 nm, and the maximum A,m were close to 384 nm, which showed that these compounds have good fluorescence with strong fluorescence intensity. When the 5-Br group was introduced into the aromatic ring (4e and 4f), the fluorescent emission wavelength took place Einstein shift, and the fluorescent intensity decreased a little. Using quinine bisulphate as a reference, the fluorescence quantum yields were all tested, and the introduction of 5-Br group had no visible effect on fluorescence quantum yield.

Self-assembled 3D flowerlike Lu2O3 and Lu2O3 : Ln(3+) (Ln = Eu, Tb, Dy, Pr, Sm, Er, Ho, Tm) microarchitectures: Ethylene glycol-mediated hydrothermal synthesis and luminescent properties

Three-dimensional flowerlike Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Ln(3+) (Ln = Eu, Th, Dy, Pr, Sm, Er, Ho, Tm) microarchitectures have been successfully synthesized via ethylene glycol (EG)-mediated hydrothermal method followed by a subsequent heat treatment process. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometric analysis, ion chromatogram analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectra, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectra as well kinetic decays, and cathodoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the samples. Hydrothermal temperature, EG, and CH3COONa play critical roles in the formation of the lutetium oxide precursor microflowers. The reaction mechanism and the self-assembly evolution process have been proposed. The as-formed lutetium oxide precursor could transform to Lu2O3 With their original flowerlike morphology and slight shrinkage in the size after postannealing process.

Hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and electrochemical properties of a novel 3D Dawson-type polyoxometalate supramolecular network

A novel Dawson-type polyoxometalate supramolecular architecture of the formula [4,4'-H(2)bipy](2.5)center dot[4,4'-Hbipy]center dot[P2W18O62]center dot 6.25H(2)O (4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine) has been hydrothermally synthesised and characterised by means of elemental analysis, IR, CV and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. X-ray crystallography indicates that the title compound consists of Dawson-type polyoxoaions [P2W18O62](6-), water molecules and 4,4'-bipy units. The polyoxoanion clusters together with 4,4'-bipy units and water molecules to construct the three-dimensional supramolecular network through hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure analyses reveal that water molecules and 4,4'-bipy units play the important role on the packing arrangements of crystals. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the title compound exhibits three chemically reversible steps

Synthesis and characterization of nano-scale Terbium (III)-trimesic acid (TMA)-1,10-phenanthroline(phen) luminescent complex

The nano-scale luminescent complex of Terbium(III)-trimesic acid (TMA)-1,10-phenanthroline(phen) was successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method in this paper. The chemical formula of the synthesized complex was speculated to be Tb(TMA)(phen)(0.0125)center dot 5H(2)O by elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD pattern of Tb(TMA)(phen)(0.0125)center dot 5H(2)O indicated that it was a new crystalline complex since the diffraction angle, diffraction intensity and the distance of crystal plane were all different from those of the two ligands. TG curve proved that the synthesized nano-scale luminescent complex was stable in the range from ambient temperature to 464 degrees C in air. TEM images showed that the complex was spherical shape with an average size of 40 nm.

Polyimides Derived from 1,4-Bis [3-oxy-(N-aminophthalimide)] Benzene

A novel diamine, 1,4-bis [3-oxy-(N-aminophthalimide)] benzene (BOAPIB), was synthesized from 1,4-bis [3-oxy-(N-phenylphthalimide)] benzene and hydrazine. Its structure was determined via IR, H-1 NMR, and elemental analysis. A series of five-member ring, hydrazine-based polyimides were prepared from this diamine and various aromatic dianhydrides via one-step polycondensation in p-chlorophenol. The inherent viscosities of these polyimides were in the range of 0.17-0.61 dL/g. These polymers were soluble in polar aprotic solvents and phenols at room temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the 5% weight-loss temperatures of the polyimides were near 450 degrees C in air and 500 degrees C in nitrogen. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) indicated that the glass-transition temperatures (T(g)s) of these polymers were in the range of 265-360 degrees C. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction showed that all the polyimides were amorphous.

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Olefin Polymerization Behavior of Vanadium(III) Complexes Bearing Tridentate Schiff Base Ligands

Vanadium(III) complexes bearing tridentate salicylaldiminato ligands (2a-f) [OC6H4CH=NL]VCl2(THF) (L = CH2CH2OMe, 2a; CH2CH2NMe2, 2b; CH2C5H4N, 2c; 8-C9H6N (quinoline), 2d; 2-MeSC6H4, 2e; 2-Ph2PC6H4, 2f) and tridentate beta-enaminoketonato ligands [OC6H8CH=N-2-Ph2PC6H4]VCl2(THF) (2g) and [O(Ph)C=CHCH=N-2-Ph2PC6H4]VCl2(THF) (2h) were prepared from VCl3(THF)(3) by treating with 1.0 equiv of the deprotonated ligands in tetrahydrofuran (THF). These complexes were characterized by FTIR and mass spectrometry as well as elemental analysis. Structures of complexes 2e, 2f, and 2h were further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These complexes were investigated as catalysts for olefin polymerization in the presence of organoaluminum compounds. On activation with Et2AlCl, complexes 2a-h exhibited high catalytic activities toward ethylene polymerization (up to 20.64 kg PE/mmol(v) center dot h center dot bar) even at high temperature, suggesting these catalysts possess high thermal stability.

Coordination-Induced Formation of One-Dimensional Nanostructures of Europium Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate and Its Solid-State Thermal Transformation

Novel one-dimensional europium benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate compressed nanorods have been synthesized oil it large scale through direct precipitation in solution phase under moderate conditions without the assistance of any surfactant, catalyst, or template. The obtained nanorods have widths of about 50-100 not, thicknesses of 10-20 nm, and lengths ranging from a few hundred nanometers to several micrometers. X-ray powder diffraction. elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared Studies, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis show that the nanorods have the structural formula of Eu(1,3,5-BTC)center dot 6H(2)O. Upon UV excitation, these nanorods exhibit a highly efficient luminescence. which comes from the Eu3+ ions. Moreover, Eu2O3 nanorods Could also be obtained via a thermal decomposition method using the corresponding complex as a precursor. This synthetic route is promising for the preparation of other one-dimensional crystalline nanomaterials because of its simplicity and the low cost of the starting reagents.

Glycyrrhetinic acid-modified nanoparticles for drug delivery: Preparation and characterization

In this work, glycyrrhetinic acid-modified chitosan (mGA-suc-CTS) used as liver targeted carrier for drug delivery, was prepared via hemisuccinate as a bridged group. The structure of the product was confirmed by IR and NMR methods and the degree of substitution (DS) of glycyrrhetinic acid groups was estimated via elemental analysis. Nanoparticles were formed by ionic gelation methold. The drug-loading and release behavior of the nanoparticles were investigated using BSA as the model drug. The results indicated that the carrier with a highest DS of 5.19% could be got and the DS was controlled by changing reaction temperature or feed ratio. BSA could be entrapped into the nanoparticles with the drug-loading ratio of 26.3% and the encapsulation efficiency of 81.5%. A sustained release over an 11-day period was observed in pH 7.4 in vitro.