Effects of gamma-radiation on cell growth, cycle arrest, death, and superoxide dismutase expression by DU 145 human prostate cancer cells

Gamma-irradiation (gamma-IR) is extensively used in the treatment of hormone-resistant prostate carcinoma. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of 60Co gamma-IR on the growth, cell cycle arrest and cell death of the human prostate cancer cell line DU 145. The viability of DU 145 cells was measured by the Trypan blue exclusion assay and the 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5,diphenyltetrazolium bromide test. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation was used for the determination of cell proliferation. Cell cycle arrest and cell death were analyzed by flow cytometry. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), specifically CuZnSOD and MnSOD protein expression, after 10 Gy gamma-IR, was determined by Western immunoblotting analysis. gamma-IR treatment had a significant (P < 0.001) antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect on DU 145 cells. Both effects were time and dose dependent. Also, the dose of gamma-IR which inhibited DNA synthesis and cell proliferation by 50% was 9.7 Gy. Furthermore, gamma-IR induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase was increased from 15% (control) to 49% (IR cells), with a nonsignificant induction of apoptosis. Treatment with 10 Gy gamma-IR for 24, 48, and 72 h stimulated CuZnSOD and MnSOD protein expression in a time-dependent manner, approximately by 3- to 3.5-fold. These data suggest that CuZnSOD and MnSOD enzymes may play an important role in the gamma-IR-induced changes in DU 145 cell growth, cell cycle arrest and cell death.

Growth inhibitory effect and Chk1-dependent signaling involved in G2/M arrest on human gastric cancer cells induced by diallyl disulfide

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) inhibits growth and induces cell cycle G2/M arrest in human gastric cancer MGC803 cells. In this study, 15 mg/L DADS exerted similar effects on growth and cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer BGC823 cells. Due to the importance of cell cycle redistribution in DADS-mediated anti-carcinogenic effects, we investigated the role of checkpoint kinases (Chk1 and Chk2) during DADS-induced cell cycle arrest. We hypothesized that DADS could mediate G2/M phase arrest through either Chk1 or Chk2 signal transduction pathways. We demonstrated that DADS induced the accumulation of phosphorylated Chk1, but not of Chk2, and that DADS down-regulated Cdc25C and cyclin B1. The expression of mRNA and total protein for Chkl and Chk2 was unchanged. Chk1 is specifically phosphorylated by ATR (ATM-RAD3-related gene). Western blot analysis showed that phospho-ATR was activated by DADS. Taken together, these data suggest that cell cycle G2/M arrest, which was associated with accumulation of the phosphorylated forms of Chk1, but not of Chk2, was involved in the growth inhibition induced by DADS in the human gastric cancer cell line BGC823. Furthermore, the DADS-induced G2/M checkpoint response is mediated by Chk1 signaling through ATR/Chk1/Cdc25C/cyclin B1, and is independent of Chk2.

Association of sulfur dioxide exposure with circulatory system deaths in a medium-sized city in Brazil

There is a demonstrable association between exposure to air pollutants and deaths due to cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide on mortality due to circulatory diseases in individuals 50 years of age or older residing in São José dos Campos, SP. This was a time-series ecological study for the years 2003 to 2007 using information on deaths due to circulatory disease obtained from Datasus reports. Data on daily levels of pollutants, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone, temperature, and humidity were obtained from the São Paulo State Environmental Agency. Moving average models for 2 to 7 days were calculated by Poisson regression using the R software. Exposure to SO2 was analyzed using a unipollutant, bipollutant or multipollutant model adjusted for mean temperature and humidity. The relative risks with 95%CI were obtained and the percent decrease in risk was calculated. There were 1928 deaths with a daily mean (± SD) of 1.05 ± 1.03 (range: 0-6). Exposure to SO2 was significantly associated with mortality due to circulatory disease: RR = 1.04 (95%CI = 1.01 to 1.06) in the 7-day moving average, after adjusting for ozone. There was an 8.5% decrease in risk in the multipollutant model, proportional to a decrease of SO2 concentrations. The results of this study suggest that residents of medium-sized Brazilian cities with characteristics similar to those of São José dos Campos probably have health problems due to exposure to air pollutants.

A phthalide derivative isolated from endophytic fungiPestalotiopsis photiniae induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human HeLa cells

MP [4-(3′,3′-dimethylallyloxy)-5-methyl-6-methoxyphthalide] was obtained from liquid culture of Pestalotiopsis photiniaeisolated from the Chinese Podocarpaceae plant Podocarpus macrophyllus. MP significantly inhibited the proliferation of HeLa tumor cell lines. After treatment with MP, characteristic apoptotic features such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were observed in DAPI-stained HeLa cells. Flow cytometry showed that MP induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate protein and mRNA expression. MP caused significant cell cycle arrest by upregulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1 protein and p21CIP1 mRNA levels in HeLa cells. The expression of p73 protein was increased after treatment with various MP concentrations. mRNA expression of the cell cycle-related genes, p21CIP1, p16INK4a and Gadd45α, was significantly upregulated and mRNA levels demonstrated significantly increased translation ofp73, JunB, FKHR, andBim. The results indicate that MP may be a potential treatment for cervical cancer.

Arrest du Conseil d'Etat du roi et lettres patentes portant règlement pour l'administration des revenus du collège de Navarre [1738]

[Acte royal. 1738]

Le terme de Pasques sans trébuchet, en vers burlesque. Suivant l'arrest du 14. d'avril mil six quarante-neuf. [sic]

[Mazarinade. 1649]

Arrest du conseil d'Estat du Roy, qui supprime, en faveur du public, les droits des offices de controlleurs des greffiers gardes-minutes des chancelleries . Et ordonne que le remboursement en sera fait sur le caissier de la Compagnie des Indes. Du 19 decembre 1719. Extrait des registres du Conseil d'Estat.

[Acte. 1719-12-19. Paris]

Departemens de messieurs les regisseurs generaux de la Caisse des remboursemens des dettes de l'Estat , & des droits rétablis. Par arrest des vingt & vingt-deux mars 1722.

[Acte. 1722-05-03]

Instruction des devoirs et fonctions des commis par ville, pour la régie des droits rétablis par arrest du Conseil du 22 mars 1722 et déclaration de S. M. du 15 may suivant, sur les ports, quays, halles, places et marchez de... Paris...

[Acte. 1723-07-00. Paris]

Instruction [de l'Assemblée générale de la régie des droits rétablis] pour la régie de la caisse de crédit établie pour le commerce des vins à Paris, en conformité de l'arrest du conseil du 27 Septembre 1723, vu les trois modèles de soumission, de certificat de remboursement et de congé d'enlèvement...

[Acte. 1723-11-10. Paris]

« Ce qui s'est passé au Parlement sur le subject des thèses touchant l'infaillibilité du pape, et de son pouvoir au-dessus des conciles, où sont aussi des harangues de messrs Talon, advocat général, et de Harlay,... tant en ladicte cour qu'en Sorbonne, depuis le XIXe janvier 1663 jusques au 30e may ensuivant, comme aussi l'enregistrement de l'arrest de la cour par toutes les Universitez ».

Contient : « Receuil de ce qui c'est passé au Parlement touchant les thèzes de Mr Gabriel de Villeneufve, bachelier en théologie, et frère Laurens Desplantes, Bernardin, en l'année 1663 »

« Traité concernant les recettes et dépenses du Roi des années 1712, 1722, 1734, 1739 et 1740, fait et arresté à Paris, le 1er février 1741 ».

Contient : « Bref état des recettes et dépenses du Roi de l'année 1642,... quia esté copié sur un manuscrit qui est dans le cabinet de M. le duc de R*** »

Arrest de la cour du Parnasse pour les jesuites . Poëme avec notes et figures

Comprend : Réponse à la lettre du Pere Lan... jés. Aux jésuites ; Lettre à un ami