Nations' income inequality predicts ambivalence in stereotype content: How societies mind the gap

Income inequality undermines societies: The more inequality, the more health problems, social tensions, and the lower social mobility, trust, life expectancy. Given people's tendency to legitimate existing social arrangements, the stereotype content model (SCM) argues that ambivalence-perceiving many groups as either warm or competent, but not both-may help maintain socio-economic disparities. The association between stereotype ambivalence and income inequality in 37 cross-national samples from Europe, the Americas, Oceania, Asia, and Africa investigates how groups' overall warmth-competence, status-competence, and competition-warmth correlations vary across societies, and whether these variations associate with income inequality (Gini index). More unequal societies report more ambivalent stereotypes, whereas more equal ones dislike competitive groups and do not necessarily respect them as competent. Unequal societies may need ambivalence for system stability: Income inequality compensates groups with partially positive social images. © 2012 The British Psychological Society.

La inserción laboral de las técnicas forestales de nivel superior egresadas del Instituto Agrotécnico Víctor Navajas Centeno (IAVNC)

La educación superior asume el desafío de promover igualdad de oportunidades en la formación académica. Pero, la igualdad de acceso o el éxito en la trayectoria educativa no implican necesariamente igualdad de oportunidades en la inserción ni en la trayectoria en el mercado laboral. Si bien la educación superior favorece la situación de emplabilidad, se reconoce que la cuestión género atraviesa el mercado de trabajo, en tanto institución socialmente construída. Esta investigación toma esta problemática para una formación específica : Técnicas Forestales de Nivel Superior egresadas del Instituto Agrotécnico Víctor Navajas Centeno. Su inserción profesional constituye una preocupación para el sistema formador a partir de indicios que dan cuenta del descenso de la matrícula femenina; la puesta en discusión sobre supuestos sesgos de esta carrera según diferencias de género; la no explicitación, en los acuerdos previos entre el instituto y las empresas forestales sobre criterios de selección y posible segmentación. La hipótesis de trabajo de estea investigación da cuenta de tensiones entre representaciones de equidad y mecanismos de segregación de género en esta particular articulación entre el mundo de la educación y el mundo del trabajo. Siendo el objetivo general el conocer la vinculación formación - inserción laboral de las técnicas egresadas en el período 1998 - 2007, se privilegió una estrategia metodológica de tipo cualitativo y la entrevista como técnica que permite una mayor profundidad en la construcción de los datos. Fueron entrevistados todos los actores involucrados : graduadas, empleadores y profesores del Instituto. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar el rol de la institución educativa en la obtención del empleo, las ambivalenciasa en el discurso empresarial y la construcción de un campo profesional que segrega ocupaciones según género, la existencia de estrategias de autoempleo y multiocupación que despliegan las graduadas para poner en juego su formación así como el reconocimiento de las heterogeneidades intragénero.

La inserción laboral de las técnicas forestales de nivel superior egresadas del Instituto Agrotécnico Víctor Navajas Centeno (IAVNC)

La educación superior asume el desafío de promover igualdad de oportunidades en la formación académica. Pero, la igualdad de acceso o el éxito en la trayectoria educativa no implican necesariamente igualdad de oportunidades en la inserción ni en la trayectoria en el mercado laboral. Si bien la educación superior favorece la situación de emplabilidad, se reconoce que la cuestión género atraviesa el mercado de trabajo, en tanto institución socialmente construída. Esta investigación toma esta problemática para una formación específica : Técnicas Forestales de Nivel Superior egresadas del Instituto Agrotécnico Víctor Navajas Centeno. Su inserción profesional constituye una preocupación para el sistema formador a partir de indicios que dan cuenta del descenso de la matrícula femenina; la puesta en discusión sobre supuestos sesgos de esta carrera según diferencias de género; la no explicitación, en los acuerdos previos entre el instituto y las empresas forestales sobre criterios de selección y posible segmentación. La hipótesis de trabajo de estea investigación da cuenta de tensiones entre representaciones de equidad y mecanismos de segregación de género en esta particular articulación entre el mundo de la educación y el mundo del trabajo. Siendo el objetivo general el conocer la vinculación formación - inserción laboral de las técnicas egresadas en el período 1998 - 2007, se privilegió una estrategia metodológica de tipo cualitativo y la entrevista como técnica que permite una mayor profundidad en la construcción de los datos. Fueron entrevistados todos los actores involucrados : graduadas, empleadores y profesores del Instituto. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar el rol de la institución educativa en la obtención del empleo, las ambivalenciasa en el discurso empresarial y la construcción de un campo profesional que segrega ocupaciones según género, la existencia de estrategias de autoempleo y multiocupación que despliegan las graduadas para poner en juego su formación así como el reconocimiento de las heterogeneidades intragénero.

Venus infers

These poems mark the fault lines of myth, dream and memory, of a doubled identity emerging from the clash of war, desire and the cacophony of the city. 1974/Dead Sister , a narrative poem with a cast that includes Lewis Carroll’s Alice, Freud’s Dora, the Lady of Shalott, Ophelia, Esther, female cowboys and other deposed goddesses is ‘an autobiography’ of an imaginary dead twin. Alev Adil delineates the traces of a sense of displacement, but while the poems mark those frenetic uncertainties and erasures they celebrate the plenitude of new stories, epistemologies and possibilities born out of falling into fracture (the fracture of memory, gender, identity, culture) more than they mourn any loss. Venus Infers is haunted by the deities of ancient Greek myths and their contemporary manifestations. Eurydice is hiding out in Hackney, sometimes glimpsed on the Jubilee Line; Ariadne remembers her ancient palace as she prowls the endless corridors of a London hotel; Penelope still waits for peace in the ruins of Marash/Varosha. Cyprus often features in these poems, both as a landscape for myth and as a site for contemporary, and contested, memories. [From the Author]

Nomenclature and syntaxonomic notes on some high-rank syntaxa of the European grassland vegetation

We present descriptions of a new order (Ranunculo cortusifolii-Geranietalia reuteri and of a new alliance (Stachyo lusitanicae-Cheirolophion sempervirentis) for the herbaceous fringe communities of Macaronesia and of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, respectively. A new alliance, the Polygalo mediterraneae-Bromion erecti (mesophilous post-cultural grasslands), was introduced for the Peninsular Italy. We further validate and typify the Armerietalia rumelicae (perennial grasslands supported by nutrient-poor on siliceous bedrocks at altitudes characterized by the submediterranean climate of central-southern Balkan Peninsula), the Securigero-Dasypyrion villosae (lawn and fallow-land tall-grass annual vegetation of Italy), and the Cirsio vallis-demoni-Nardion (acidophilous grasslands on siliceous substrates of the Southern Italy). Nomenclatural issues (validity, legitimacy, synonymy, formal corrections) have been discussed and clarified for the following names: Brachypodio-Brometalia, Bromo pannonici-Festucion csikhegyensis, Corynephoro-Plantaginion radicatae, Heleochloion, Hieracio-Plantaginion radicatae, Nardetea strictae, Nardetalia strictae, Nardo-Callunetea, Nardo-Galion saxatilis, Oligo-Bromion, Paspalo-Heleochloetalia, Plantagini-Corynephorion and Scorzoneret alia villosae. 

Unraveling EU Policies: the ““Common Basic Principles”” and the ““European Integration Fund”” as a technology of government

this paper is about EU “soft policies” on immigrant integration. It analyzes the “Common Basic Principles” (CBPs) and the “European Integration Fund” (EIF), two devices that have been recently established within this framework. It adopts the theoretical perspective of the “anthropology of policy” and “governmentality studies”. It shows the context of birth of the aforementioned devices, as well as their functioning and the assessment done by the actors implied in the elaboration/implementation/evaluation of the related policies. It is based both on documentary research as well as direct observation and interviews done to the actors implied. It concludes that the PBC and the EIF should be considered as a “technology of government”, that strives to align the conduct of the actors with the governmental aims, as well as it produces specific practices and knowledge. It also underlines an intrinsic feature of many policies: their “congenital failure”, since they are (often) disputed and resignified by situated actors, who are embedded in asymmetrical power relations.

Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP), a negative regulator of PKB/Akt and v-Akt at the plasma membrane

The PKB (protein kinase B, also called Akt) family of protein kinases plays a key role in insulin signaling, cellular survival, and transformation. PKB is activated by phosphorylation on residues threonine 308, by the protein kinase PDK1, and Serine 473, by a putative serine 473 kinase. Several protein binding partners for PKB have been identified. Here, we describe a protein partner for PKB alpha termed CTMP, or carboxyl-terminal modulator protein, that binds specifically to the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain of PKB alpha at the plasma membrane. Binding of CTMP reduces the activity of PKB alpha by inhibiting phosphorylation on serine 473 and threonine 308. Moreover, CTMP expression reverts the phenotype of v-Akt-transformed cells examined under a number of criteria including cell morphology, growth rate, and in vivo tumorigenesis. These findings identify CTMP as a negative regulatory component of the pathway controlling PKB activity.

Heat shock protein 70-mediated sensitization of cells to apoptosis by Carboxyl-Terminal Modulator Protein

Background: The serine/threonine protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is involved in insulin signaling, cellular survival, and transformation. Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP) has been identified as a novel PKB binding partner in a yeast two-hybrid screen, and appears to be a negative PKB regulator with tumor suppressor-like properties. In the present study we investigate novel mechanisms by which CTMP plays a role in apoptosis process.

First comprehensive peat depositional records for tin, lead and copper associated with the antiquity of Europe's largest cassiterite deposits

Tin, as a constituent of bronze, was central to the technological development of early societies, but cassiterite (SnO2) deposits were scarce and located distantly from the centres of Mediterranean civilizations. As Britain had the largest workable ore deposits in the ancient Western world, this has led to much historical speculation and myth regarding the long-distance trading of tin from the Bronze Age onwards. Here we establish the first detailed chronology for tin, along with lead and copper deposition, into undisturbed ombrotrophic (rain-fed) peat bogs located at Bodmin Moor and Dartmoor in the centre of the British tin ore fields. Sustained elevated tin deposition is demonstrated clearly, with peaks occurring at 100-400 and 700-1000 calendar years AD - contemporaneous with the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods respectively. While pre-Roman Iron Age tin exploitation undoubtedly took place, it was on a scale that did not result in convincingly enhanced deposition of the metal. The deposition of lead in the peat record provides evidence of a pre-Roman metal-based economy in southwest Britain. Emerging in the 4th century BC, this was centred on copper and lead ore processing that expanded exponentially and then collapsed upon Roman colonization during the 1st century AD. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Constitution of Social Governance for the European Union

This chapter considers the EU’s socio-economic constitution under the lens of humaneness. It argues that the EU’s unique socio-economic constitution demands equilibrium of socio-economic integration instead of widening the gap between economic integration at EU levels and social integration at national levels. While the EU lacks the legislative competences to achieve this equilibrium, the constitutional principle still prevails. Indeed, the EU competences reflect its own values as well as the socio-economic constitutions of its constituent Member States. These frequently do not allow for total state-governance of social spheres such as working life, education, care or other social services. Instead, societal actors are given scope to (co-)govern these spheres at national levels. Accordingly, the apparent tension between the EU’s socio-economic values and principles and its limited competences in the social policy field can be resolved through a dynamic interpretation of the EU Treaties towards a “constitution of social governance”. This interpretation reads the Treaties as authorising governance by societal actors. The chapter connects the idea of humanness to the ideals of social governance at EU level and proposes two options for practical application of the concept. These are rules for trans-national labour markets based on European collective labour agreements and a European higher education sector developed by agreements between universities.

Sustainable binders for concrete: a structured approach from waste screening to binder composition development

Worldwide, the building sector requires the production of 4 billion tonnes of cement annually, consuming more than 40% of global energy. Alkali activated “cementless” binders have recently emerged as a novel eco-friendly construction material with a promising potential to replace ordinary Portland cement. These binders consist of a class of inorganic polymer formed mainly by the reaction between an alkaline solution and an aluminosilicate source. Precursor materials for this reaction can be found in secondary material streams from different industrial sectors, from energy to agro-alimentary. However, the suitability of these materials in developing the polymerisation reaction must be assessed through a detailed chemical and physical characterisation, ensuring the availability of required chemical species in the appropriate quantity and physical state. Furthermore, the binder composition needs to be defined in terms of proper alkali activation dosages, water content in the mix, and curing conditions. The mix design must satisfy mechanical requirements and compliance to desired engineering properties (workability, setting time) for ensuring the suitability of the binder in replacing Portland cement in concrete applications. This paper offers a structured approach for the development of secondary material-based binders, from their identification to mix design and production procedure development. Essential features of precursor material can be determined through chemical and physical characterisation methods and advanced microscope techniques. Important mixing parameters and binder properties requirements are examined and some examples of developed binders are reported.

Aprendizagens Comunitárias

A Suão - Associação para o Desenvolvimento Comunitário, fundada em dezoito de Abril de 1998, localizada em São Miguel de Machede, freguesia do concelho de Évora, desenvolve a sua actividade focada na educação e aprendizagens comunitárias, desde o seu início. A Associação tem, neste momento, duzentos e cinquenta associados, membros ligados à comunidade (quer por serem pessoas com origem em São Miguel de Machede, quer por serem agentes participativos ou por estabelecerem, ainda, um laço profissional com a Instituição).

A gestão intermédia nos agrupamentos de escolas: os coordenadores de estabelecimento e as lideranças periféricas

As escolas do 1º ciclo e os jardins-de-infância confrontaram-se recentemente com a obrigatoriedade de se organizarem em associação com outras escolas do 2º e 3º ciclos do ensino básico através dos chamados Agrupamentos de Escolas. Estes Agrupamentos (verticais) poderão ser entendidos como funcionando num certo modelo de rede piramidal ou seja, cria-se um centro de decisão – a escola-sede do Agrupamento (por norma, uma escola do 2º e 3º ciclo do ensino básico, com os seus órgãos de gestão de topo) – relativamente ao qual se afiliam uma série de escolas periféricas, designadamente da educação préescolar e do 1º ciclo do ensino básico. Procuraremos, neste estudo, problematizar a situação periférica destes estabelecimentos de educação e de ensino, tendo em conta a complexidade das regulações e tensões a que estão sujeitos e que colocam no centro das atenções a figura do Coordenador de estabelecimento. É com base num estudo de caso sobre um Agrupamento de Escolas, situado no norte do país, que procurámos perceber qual o papel que os Coordenadores de estabelecimento assumem ao nível da gestão intermédia do Agrupamento, analisando em particular a sua condição de líderes periféricos deste tipo de organização escolar.

A vivência emocional dos enfermeiros nos cenários da prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico: o caso dos enfermeiros de um serviço de oncologia médica do Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, E.P.E.

Com a presente investigação pretendemos conhecer a vivência das emoções dos enfermeiros nos cenários da prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico e simultaneamente contribuir para uma melhoria das práticas de intervenção e de gestão emocional em enfermagem nos contextos de trabalho em Oncologia, procurando dar resposta à pergunta inicial de investigação: Qual a vivência emocional dos enfermeiros nos cenários da prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico? Nas opções metodológicas optámos pelo paradigma qualitativo, onde a entrevista narrativa foi a técnica privilegiada de recolha de informação, tendo permitido compreender com profundidade a forma como os enfermeiros vivem a prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico. As experiências emocionais consideradas mais marcantes foram na generalidade aquelas que mais penosas se constituíram para os entrevistados, relacionadas com uma relação mais próxima e profunda com o doente e com situações de morte e sofrimento. Consequentemente os sentimentos e emoções referidos foram na sua maioria negativa. Na prática de cuidar do doente oncológico verificou-se a influência marcada dos mitos sociais e pessoais associados à doença cancro, tendo sido reconhecida de forma global a complexidade e especificidade inerentes a esta prestação de cuidados, tão gratificante, quanto desgastante. O uso de mecanismos de gestão das experiências emocionais refletiu-se no recurso a estratégias pessoais e externas, usadas na sua maioria com o objetivo de o desgaste emocional. Foram sugeridas várias medidas de intervenção organizacional no reconhecer uníssono da necessidade de acompanhamento e suporte por parte da organização de saúde. Os resultados desta investigação acrescentam assim todo um conjunto de novos dados que ajudam na compreensão da problemática da vivência emocional dos enfermeiros, na certeza de que esta melhorará a prestação de cuidados ao doente oncológico, com consequente otimização organizacional. /ABSTRACT - With this present investigation we intend to study the emocional life of nurses while providing health care to oncological patients and simultaneously contribute to an improvement of the intervention and emotional management practices in nursing in the contexts of working in Oncology, trying to answer the initial question of the inquiry: What is the emotional life of nurses in health care scenerjy to oncological patients? As far as the methodology is concerned we chose the qualitative paradigm, in which the narrative interview was the privileged technique to gather information. That allowed us to deeply understand the way nurses live the providing of health care to the oncological patient, their emotional experiences, what they feel and express, what moves and consumes them, as well as the forms of emotional management. The most striking emotional experiences have, in general, been those considered most painful by the interviewed nurses, usually related to a closer and deeper relation with the patient and situations of death and suffering. The consequent feelings and emotions have been mostly negative. Health care provided to oncologic patients is strongly influenced by social and personal myths related to cancer and both the complexity and specificity inherent to this kind of health care has been acknowledged as rewarding, as consuming. The use of means of emotional management is visible in the resource to personal and external strategies, used to diminish the emotional consumption. They have also suggested some measures of organizational intervention in the unison recognition of the need of accompaniment and support from the health care institution. The results of this investigation, thus add whole a set of new data that helps in the understanding of the problematic of the emotional life of nurses, in the certainty that this will improve the providing of care to the oncolologically sick person, with consequent organizational optimization.