999 resultados para Dinâmica Molecular


Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In Brazil, there is a high incidence of venomous animals. Among them, scorpions are highlighted by their medical importance, and for being their venom a source of several molecules with biological and pharmacological activity not yet fully understood, including several bioactive peptides. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are components of the immune system in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, used in the first line of defense against microorganisms. In the present study, we characterized the first PAM previously identified through transcriptome of the venom gland of the scorpion Tityus stigmurus, named Stigmurin. The characteristics of Stigmurin were investigated by computational modeling and construction of dendrogram. In vitro tests investigated the antibacterial, antifungal, haemolytic and cytotoxic effects of crude venom and Stigmurin. In addition, the structural characteristics of Stigmurin were investigated by circular dochroism in water, 2, 2 , 2- trifluoethanol (TFE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the models were refined by molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that the selected sequence encodes a mature protein of 17 amino acid residues and the dendrogram reveals a case of convergent evolution. The crude venom showed no antimicrobial activity, however, Stigmurin exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 31.25 and 250 µg/mL for different strains, while the hemolytic activity at these concentrations was low. In cytotoxicity studies, the crude venom was unable to reduce cell viability in VERO E6 cells; in contrast, its activity in SiHa cells was significantly higher, corresponding to IC50 of 3.6 µg/mL. For Stigmurin the concentration sable to decrease cell viability of Vero E6 and SiHa cells in 50% were 275.67 µg/mL and 212.54 µg/mL, respectively. The dichroism spectra revealed the conformational flexibility, with predominating extended and β–sheet structures, as well as a remark able renaturation ability. The results suggest that Stigmurin could be considered as a potential antiinfective drug

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This thesis was performed in four chapters, at the theoretical level, focused mainly on electronic density. In the first chapter, we have applied an undergraduate minicourse of Diels-Alder reaction in Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. By using computational chemistry tools students could build the knowledge by themselves and they could associate important aspects of physical-chemistry with Organic Chemistry. In the second chapter, we studied a new type of chemical bond between a pair of identical or similar hydrogen atoms that are close to electrical neutrality, known as hydrogen-hydrogen (H-H) bond. In this study performed with complexed alkanes, provides new and important information about their stability involving this type of interaction. We show that the H-H bond playing a secondary role in the stability of branched alkanes in comparison with linear or less branched isomers. In the third chapter, we study the electronic structure and the stability of tetrahedrane, substituted tetrahedranes and silicon and germanium parents, it was evaluated the substituent effect on the carbon cage in the tetrahedrane derivatives and the results indicate that stronger electron withdrawing groups (EWG) makes the tetrahedrane cage slightly unstable while slight EWG causes a greater instability in the tetrahedrane cage. We showed that the sigma aromaticity EWG and electron donating groups (EDG) results in decrease and increase, respectively, of NICS and D3BIA aromaticity indices. In addition, another factor can be utilized to explain the stability of tetra-tert-butyltetrahedrane as well as HH bond. GVB and ADMP were also used to explain the stability effect of the substituents bonded to the carbon of the tetrahedrane cage. In the fourth chapter, we performed a theoretical investigation of the inhibitory effect of the drug abiraterone (ABE), used in the prostate cancer treatment as CYP17 inhibitor, comparing the interaction energies and electron density of the ABE with the natural substrate, pregnenolone (PREG). Molecular dynamics and docking were used to obtain the CYP1ABE and CYP17-PREG complexes. From molecular dynamics was obtained that the ABE has higher diffusion trend water CYP17 binding site compared to the PREG. With the ONIOM (B3LYP:AMBER) method, we find that the interaction electronic energy of ABE is 21.38 kcal mol-1 more stable than PREG. The results obtained by QTAIM indicate that such stability is due a higher electronic density of interactions between ABE and CYP17

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, 2016.

Relevância:

60.00% 60.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2016.

Relevância:

40.00% 40.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia de Materiais, especialidade de Materiais Poliméricos, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia.

Relevância:

40.00% 40.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

An important approach to cancer therapy is the design of small molecule modulators that interfere with microtubule dynamics through their specific binding to the ²-subunit of tubulin. In the present work, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) studies were conducted on a series of discodermolide analogs with antimitotic properties. Significant correlation coefficients were obtained (CoMFA(i), q² =0.68, r²=0.94; CoMFA(ii), q² = 0.63, r²= 0.91), indicating the good internal and external consistency of the models generated using two independent structural alignment strategies. The models were externally validated employing a test set, and the predicted values were in good agreement with the experimental results. The final QSAR models and the 3D contour maps provided important insights into the chemical and structural basis involved in the molecular recognition process of this family of discodermolide analogs, and should be useful for the design of new specific ²-tubulin modulators with potent anticancer activity.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Los cambios que ocurren durante el funcionamiento (normal o patológico) de biomembranas resultan de alteraciones de interacciones moleculares dinámicas. Éstas involucran a fenómenos supramoleculares críticos (cambios de fase, electrostáticos y topológicos) que regulan la organización, estabilidad, expresión y metabolismo de lípidos y proteínas de membrana. Para conocer los factores físico-químicos que controlan el comportamiento de biomembranas se deben utilizar técnicas que permitan un control preciso de la organización molecular. (...) Objetivos generales y específicos: El propósito a largo plazo de las investigaciones es establecer las bases moleculares y supramoleculares por las cuales interacciones entre esfingolípidos, fosfolípidos y sus derivados regulan la organización, reconocimiento y reactividad de biomembranas. Al presente se estudia: I) Control supramolecular de la catálisis enzimática interfacial por enzimas fosfohidrolíticas que median la transducción de señales a nivel de membrana. II) Modulación de la estabilidad de biomembranas por cambios críticos de composición de la interfase, interacciones y transiciones topológicas. III) Caracterización y transferencia a soportes sólidos y líquidos de capas monomoleculares de organización intermolecular controlada, formadas con membranas neuronales y gliales.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

La caries dental es una enfermedad infecciosa, crónica y trasmisible, que se caracteriza por la desmineralización de los tejidos duros del diente, producida por la acción de los ácidos resultantes de la actividad metabólica del biofilm desarrollado sobre los dientes. Si bien, la etiología de la caries sería polimicrobiana, los estreptococos del grupo mutans son señalados como los principales protagonistas en el inicio de la lesión cariosa. En la pared celular se destacan proteínas que participan en procesos de adhesión, agregación y co-agregación, además de polisacáridos que muestran distintas especificidades antigénicas, lo que permite distinguir cuatro serotipos: c, e, f y k. Es escasa la información de las características antigénicas de las cepas circulantes de estreptococos del grupo mutans y se desconoce la relación de las mismas con la actividad de caries. En este estudio nuestros objetivos son identificar y caracterizar fenotípica y genotípicamente las cepas de estreptococos del grupo mutans circulantes en la provincia de Córdoba. La población de estudio estará constituida por escolares, urbano–marginales de la capital y del interior de la provincia. Se determinarán los serotipos de las mismas a través de de amplificaciones por PCR de tipo multiplex y luego se secuenciarán 8 genes a través de la técnica de tipado multilocus, con el fin de realizar estudios de sistemática molecular, y de estimar la estructura genética de S. mutans. Una vez que se hayan caracterizado los patrones de diversidad y distribución geográfica de S. mutans del centro de Argentina, se intentará dilucidar cómo se relacionan la diversidad genética con la experiencia de caries de los niños del estudio. Se analizarán de forma conjunta nuestros resultados con los publicados por otros autores. De esta forma se logrará una mejor comprensión de los factores históricos y ecológicos que han moldeado su distribución y aportar conocimientos a la sistemática del grupo “mutans” en relación a otras bacterias del género Streptococcus. Dental caries is an infectious, chronic and transmissible disease, characterized by demineralization of the hard tissues of the teeth, produced by the action of acids resulting from the metabolic activity of biofilm developed on the teeth. Although the etiology of caries would be polymicrobial, the streptococci of the mutans group are identified as the major responsible in the initiation of the carious lesion. In the cell wall there are proteins involved in adhesion, aggregation and co-aggregation processes, as well as polysaccharides that present different antigenic specificities, which allow the distinction of four serotypes c, e, f and k. There is little information about the antigenic characteristics of the Streptococcus mutans strains and the relationship of those characteristics with the caries activity is unknown. In the present study our goals are to identify and characterize the phenotypic and genotypic strains of streptococci of the mutans group circulating in the province of Cordoba. The study population will consist of urban and rural scholar children from Cordoba city and from the interior of the province. In order to study the molecular systematic, and the genetic structure of S. mutans, different serotypes will be determined by multiplex PCR amplifications and eight genes will be sequenced by using the multilocus typing technique. Once the diversity and the geographical distribution patterns of S. mutans from the center of Argentina is characterized, we will attempt to clarify how the genetic diversity is related with the caries experience in the children of the study. Our results will be analyzed together with those published by other authors. This will achieve a better understanding of the historical and ecological factors that shaped the bacteria’s distribution and will contribute to the knowledge of the systematic of the mutans group in relation to other bacteria of the genus Streptococcus.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

El objetivo del presente proyecto es estudiar los procesos físicos y químicos del radical OH con compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COVs), con los cuales sea factible la formación de agregados de van der Waals (vdW) responsables de la curvatura en los gráficos de Arrhenius, empleando técnicas modernas, complementarias entre si y novedosas en el país. El problema será abordado desde tres perspectivas complementarias: 1) estudios cinéticos, 2) estudios mecanísticos y de distribución de productos y 3) estudios de la dinámica de los procesos físicos y químicos. La finalidad es alcanzar una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos que intervienen en el comportamiento químico de especies presentes en la atmósfera y obtener datos cinéticos de alta calidad que puedan alimentar modelos computacionales capaces de describir la composición de la atmósfera, presente y futura. Los objetivos son estudiar: 1) mediante fotólisis láser pulsada con detección por fluorescencia inducida por láser (PLP-LIF), en reactores de flujo, la cinética de reacción del radical OH(v”=0) con COVs que presentan gráficos de Arrhenius curvos con energías de activación negativas, tales como alcoholes insaturados, alquenos halogenados, éteres halogenados, ésteres alifáticos; 2) en una cámara de simulación de condiciones atmosféricas de gran volumen (4500 L), la identidad y el rendimiento de productos de las reacciones mencionadas, a fines de evaluar su impacto atmosférico y dilucidar los mecanismos de reacción; 3) mediante haces moleculares y espectroscopía láser, la estructura y reactividad de complejos de vdW entre alcoholes insaturados o aromáticos (cresoles) y el radical OH, como modelo de los aductos propuestos como responsables de la desviación al comportamiento de Arrhenius de las reacciones mencionadas; 4) mediante PLP-LIF y expansiones supersónicas, las constantes específicas estado a estado (ksts) de relajación/reacción del radical OH(v”=1-4) vibracionalmente excitado con los COVs mencionados. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos serán contrastados con cálculos ab-initio de estructura electrónica, los cuales apoyarán las interpretaciones, permitirán proponer estructuras de estados de transición y aductos colisionales, como así también calcular las frecuencias de vibración de los complejos de vdW para su posterior asignación en los espectros LIF y REMPI. Asimismo, los mecanismos de reacción propuestos y los parámetros cinéticos medidos experimentalmente serán comparados con aquellos obtenidos por cálculos teóricos. The aim of this project is to study the physical and chemical processes of OH radicals with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with which the formation of van der Waals (vdW) clusters, responsible for the observed curvature in the Arrhenius plots, might be feasible. The problem will be addressed as follow : 1) kinetic studies; 2) products distribution and mechanistic studies and 3) dynamical studies of the physical and chemical processes. The purpose is to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms that govern the chemical behavior of species present in the atmosphere and to obtain high quality kinetic data to be used as input to computational models. We will study: 1) the reaction kinetics of OH (v”=0) radicals with VOCs such as unsaturated alcohols, halogenated alkenes, halogenated ethers, aliphatic esters, which show curved Arrhenius plots and negative activation energies, by PLP-LIF, in flow systems; 2) in a large volume (4500 L) atmospheric simulation chamber, reaction products yields in order to evaluate their atmospheric impact and reaction mechanisms; 3) using molecular beams and laser spectroscopy, the structure and reactivity of the vdW complexes formed between the unsaturated or aromatic alcohols and the OH radicals as a model of the adducts proposed as responsible for the non-Arrhenius behavior; 4) the specific state-to-state relaxation/reaction rate constants (ksts) of the vibrationally excited OH (v”=1-4) radical with the VOCs by PLP-LIF and supersonic expansions. Ab-initio calculations will be carried out to support the interpretation of the experimental results, to obtain the transition state and collisional adducts structures, as well as to calculate the vibrational frequencies of the vdW complexes to assign to the LIF and REMPI spectra. Also, the proposed reaction mechanisms and the experimentally measured kinetic parameters will be compared with those obtained from theoretical calculations.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A influência da aplicação de resíduos vegetais na dinâmica de íons em solos ácidos é pouco conhecida. Neste estudo, a mobilidade de íons em amostra do horizonte Bw de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro álico lixiviado com soluções puras de ácidos cítrico e succínico e extratos aquosos de resíduos de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus) e aveia-preta (Avena strigosa) foi avaliada em colunas de solo (5, 10, 20 e 40 cm de altura por 4 cm de diâmetro). Após a percolação das soluções e extratos pelas colunas de solo determinaram-se, nas soluções efluentes, os teores de Ca (Ca s), Mg (Mg s), K (Ks), Al total (Al st), orgânico (Al so), monomérico (Al sm) e carbono orgânico dissolvido. No solo, foram determinados os teores trocáveis de Ca (Ca tr), Mg (Mg tr), K (Ktr) e Al (Al tr) e o pH (CaCl2). Os ácidos cítrico e succínico aumentaram os teores de Al st e Ca s, respectivamente, causando reduções nas frações trocáveis desses elementos no solo. O extrato de aveia-preta foi mais efetivo na remoção do Ca tr e o de nabo forrageiro na do Al tr. O decréscimo de Ca tr e Al tr foi seguido do aumento do Ktr. A formação de complexos entre Ca s e Al tr com compostos orgânicos de baixo peso molecular foi sugerida como o provável mecanismo responsável pela mobilidade dos íons polivalentes no subsolo de solos ácidos após a aplicação dos extratos de resíduos vegetais e das soluções puras de ácidos orgânicos.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Orientación en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL, 2011.

Relevância:

30.00% 30.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

El cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en la población femenina de Colombia con tasas de incidencia y mortalidad altas (32,9-36,4 y 18,7 casos/año/100.000 mujeres, respectivamente). El principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de lesiones cervicales pre-neoplásicas es la infección persistente por ciertos tipos de Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH) conocidos como de alto riesgo (VPH-AR), asociados con ~90% de CCU a nivel mundial. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar las características de la infección por VPH en una población de mujeres socio-demográficamente heterogénea, que habitan en diferentes regiones de Colombia. Para esto, fueron incluidas 2109 mujeres provenientes de las ciudades de Chaparral, Tumaco, Leticia, Bogotá y Girardot, quienes acudieron a los programas de promoción y prevención de CCU implementados en los respectivos hospitales; cada mujer proporcionó información sociodemográfica y de conductas sexuales, además de una muestra de raspado cervical. Se determinó la presencia de VPH por la técnica de PCR, empleando tres juegos de cebadores genéricos, adicionalmente, se usaron cebadores tipo-específicos para determinar la frecuencia de seis tipos de VPH de alto riesgo (VPH-AR-16, -18, -31, -33, -45 y -58) y dos de bajo riesgo (VPH-BR-6/11). Se evaluó también la carga viral de los tipos de VPH-AR mediante PCR en tiempo real y se correlacionaron los datos de 219 mujeres a través de un seguimiento a dos años (cada 6 meses), con el fin de determinar la dinámica de los patrones de infecciones únicas y múltiples encontrados en nuestro país.